An earthquake happens when two plates rub (碰撞) together. The earth plates travel
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An earthquake happens when two plates rub (碰撞) together. The earth plates travel in different directions and at different speeds. If one plate is slowly forced underneath the other, pressure builds up until the plates break apart. This process causes the ground to move. It is an earthquake. In other words, earth-quakes are the shaking of the earth’s surface caused by the earth’s rocky outer layer as a result of the energy stored within the earth. The strain within the rocks is suddenly released (释放).
The damage an earthquake causes depends on where it is and the time it is happening. If an unpopulated region is struck, there will be low loss of life or property. If it hits a large city, there may be many in-juries and much destruction. Many of the areas at risk are largely populated now. Major earthquakes hitting those areas today could produce terrible damage.
Actually, there are several million small earth-quakes every year. Large earthquakes such as the 1964 Alaskan quake that measured 9.2 on the Richter scale, cause millions of dollars in damage. In the last 500 years, millions of people have been killed by earth-quakes around the world — including 240,000 in the 1976 Tangshan earthquake in China.
A 60-second or less earthquake can cause devastation that continues for years after the first tremor (小震). In 1972, a series of severe earthquakes struck Managua, Nicaragua. Fifteen years later, the city still looked the way it had a week after the earthquake hit, because the country did not have the necessary money to rebuild it.
The shaking of the earth is sometimes not the greatest disaster. It is in the ensuing fires and floods that often the greatest damage occurs. In the 1906 earthquake, it was the fires caused after it that did the majority of the damage. An earthquake can also destroy dams high above a city or valleys, causing floods to sweep down and sweep away everything in their path.
小题1:Which of the following is the main idea of the first paragraph?| A．An earthquake comes from inside the earth. | | B．The earth has great energy in storage. | | C．How the earth plates move. | | D．How an earthquake happens. |
小题2:How many examples are used in the passage to show the damage and destruction earthquakes cause?| A．Three. | B．Four. | C．Five. | D．Six. |
小题3:Which of the following is mentioned to show that an earthquake can kill too many people?| A．The 1964 Alaskan quake. | | B．The 1976 Tangshan earthquake. | | C．The 1972 Managua earthquake. | | D．The 1906 earthquake. |
小题4:The underlined word “ensuing” in the last paragraph probably means ______.| A．causing too much heat and great damage | | B．causing many injuries and much destruction | | C．happening as a result of another event | | D．happening suddenly and unexpectedly |
小题5:By giving the example in Paragraph 4, the author wants to show that ______.| A．an earthquake doesn’t last long | | B．the damage can last long | | C．people in Managua suffered too much | | D．Nicaragua is still a poor country |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:B
小题5:C |
解析
文章讲述了地震的起因，以及地震给人们带来的破坏。
小题1:D 段落大意题。文章讲述的正是地震产生的原因，故D正确。
小题2:A 细节题。根据文章第三段中提及的两个地震，第四段提及了另外一个地震这三个地震都是举例说明地震的危害的。
小题3:C 细节题。根据n 1972, a series of severe earthquakes struck Managua, Nicaragua. Fifteen years later, the city still looked the way it had a week可知这次地震袭击的是一座城市，地震发生在城市里会造成比较大的破坏，故C正确。
小题4:B 猜测词义题。根据上下文可知是指会带来很多破坏和伤亡，故B正确。
小题5:C 段落大意题。本段文章主要就是为了说明Managua城市的人们遭受的地震带来的痛苦。 |
举一反三
The space shuttle Discovery has had a long and busy career. For 27 years, it has worked for NASA, carrying astronauts to space and back on 39 missions. On March 9, 2011, after returning from its final voyage, the world’s most traveled spaceship was retired.
A crowd of shuttle workers, reporters and schoolchildren waited to greet Discovery at Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida. Three minutes before noon, they watched as the shuttle appeared in the sky and made one last touchdown. “For the final time: wheels stop,” Discovery’s commander Steven Lindsey said when the shuttle rolled to a stop.
Discovery’s final trip was to the International Space Station (ISS), a giant space lab in the sky. Discovery’s crew took care of the last U.S. construction project at ISS. They delivered 10 tons of supplies for the ISS. The six-person crew also dropped off an unusual companion for ISS’s researchers: a human-like robot named Robonaut 2. Astronauts will assemble（组装）R2 at the ISS over several months.
Now, NASA is winding down its shuttle programme. NASA is to begin work on new spaceships that can travel longer distances. Discovery’s retirement is the first of three. Endeavor, another shuttle, is scheduled to make its final voyage soon. And Atlantis’s last trip is planned for the end of June.
Museums across the country have requested the retired shuttles. The Smithsonian’s Air and Space Museum, in Washington, D.C., was the lucky recipient（接收者）of Discovery. The museum’s collection contains hundreds of NASA artifacts.
Where will the other shuttles go? You’ll have to wait to find out. NASA will announce its decision on April 12, the 30th anniversary of the first space shuttle launching. Stay tuned!
小题1:As part of the final mission, Discovery’s crew___________.| A．carried researches to space | | B．assembled the Robonaut 2 at the ISS | | C．brought supplies to the ISS | | D．went on a spacewalk |
小题2:The underlined phrase “winding down” in Paragraph 4 probably means _________.| A．improving | B．ending | C．changing | D．testing |
小题3:What can we infer from the text?| A．Discovery completed 39 missions during its two decades of space travel. | | B．The ISS is a big project and six researchers live on the station. | | C．American space exploration will focus on longer missions. | | D．The shuttles Endeavor and Atlantis will make their last missions next month. |
小题4:According to the text, we can learn about ___________.| A．people’s opinions of Discovery’s retirement | | B．the government’s concern about the shuttles’ future | | C．the shuttles’ final homes after retirement | | D．museums’ great interest in the retired shuttles |
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Water, which covers about 74 percent of the earth’s surface, is man’s most precious resource. Without it we cannot live. Clean water keeps us alive; polluted water means disease and death.Keeping our water pure is by no means an easy task but it is something that must be done.
Hong Kong once prided herself on being the “Fragrant Harbour”. However, these days, it is not certain if Hong Kong’s harbour could still be called “fragrant”. For, like many other places, Hong Kong has not been spared water pollution. A visit to Tolo and Victoria Harbour, or any of the beaches in Hong Kong is enough to make one aware of the ugly truth that Hong Kong waters are indeed polluted.
The great threat to our water is bacteria pollution. Another great source of water pollution is poisonous chemicals. These substances, which are found in industrial waste and agricultural pesticides, make up unseen dangers that enter biological food chains.
Pollution control is a continuing problem for the government. It is believed that the most effective form of control is legislation（立法）. Most importantly, the present laws on pollution should be given more force. On the other hand, no amount of legislation can effectively control pollution unless those concerned are properly educated about the danger posed by pollution.
While a great majority of Hong Kong citizens and residents seem to be greatly concerned about ways to control water pollution, it is discouraging to note that there are, in our midst, some people who remain apathetic（无动于衷）about the problem. In a recent radio programme conducted on what people in the streets thought about the water pollution problem, one apparently unconcerned person said, “What do I care about water pollution? I don’t drink polluted water. As long as the water I drink is not polluted, I’m not bothered. Water pollution is too big a problem and let’s leave it to the government.”
If all residents in Hong Kong will take such an indifferent attitude, all the government’s attempts to control pollution, let alone the anti-pollution legislation, will prove useless. The best form of pollution control each citizen can employ is to be aware of his surroundings. We hope that someday, the problem of water pollution in Hong Kong will cease to alarm us.
小题1:By the underlined sentences, the writer wants to show that ______.| A．we should not use polluted water | | B．it is our responsibility to keep our water clean and safe | | C．clean water is vitally important to the survival of human beings | | D．water is abundant but very expensive |
小题2:What can you infer from the second paragraph?| A．Hong Kong indeed deserves the name. | | B．Hong Kong never deserves such a name. | | C．Hong Kong can’t avoid the damage of pollution. | | D．Hong Kong has failed to live up to such reputation. |
小题3:The writer quotes the words in the programme to show us that a block to the solution of the problem is _________.| A．people’s lack of education | | B．people’s I-don’t-care attitude | | C．people’s wait-and-see attitude | | D．people’s over-dependence on the government |
小题4:In the final analysis, the best approach to the problem of water pollution is ________.| A．legislation | | B．rapid development of modern science | | C．mass education | | D．everybody taking care of his own surroundings |
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Everyone knows about straight-A students. We see them frequently in TV situation comedies and in movies like Revenge(报复)of the Nerds. They get high grades, all right, but only by becoming dull laborers, their noses always stuck in a book. They are not good at social communication and look clumsy while doing sports.
How, then, do we account for Domenica Roman or Paul Melendres?
Roman is on the tennis team at Fairmont Senior High School. She also sings in the choral group, serves on the student council and is a member of the mathematics society. For two years she has maintained A’s in every subject. Melendres, a freshman at the University of New Mexico, was student-body president at Valley High School in Albuquerque. He played soccer and basketball well, exhibited at the science fair, and meanwhile worked as a reporter on a local television station. Being a speech giver at the graduation ceremony, he achieved straight A’s in his regular classes, plus bonus points for A’s in two college-level courses.
How do super-achievers like Roman and Melendres do it? Brains aren’t the only answer. “Top grades don’t always go to the brightest students, ” declares Herbert Walberg, a professor of education at the University of Illinois at Chicago, who has conducted major studies on super-achieving students. “Knowing how to make the most of your innate(天生的)abilities counts for more. Much more.”
In fact, Walberg says, students with high IQ sometimes don’t do as well as classmates with lower IQ. For them, learning comes too easily and they never find out how to get down.
Hard work isn’t the whole story, either. “It’s not how long you sit there with the books open, ” said one of the many-A students we interviewed. “It’s what you do while you’re sitting.” Indeed, some of these students actually put in fewer hours of homework time than their lower-scoring classmates.
The kids at the top of the class get there by mastering a few basic techniques that others can readily learn.
小题1:The underlined word “nerds” can probably be________ .| A．dull bookworms lacking sports and social skills | | B．successful top students popular with their peers | | C．students with certain learning difficulties | | D．born leaders crazy about social activities |
小题2:What can we conclude from the first paragraph?| A．Most TV programs and films are about straight-A students. | | B．People have unfavorable impression on straight-A students. | | C．Everyone knows about straight-A students from TV or films. | | D．Straight-A students are well admired by people in the society. |
小题3:Some students become super-achievers mainly because_________ .| A．they are born cleverer than others | | B．they work longer hours at study | | C．they make full use of their abilities | | D．they know the shortcut to success |
小题4:What will be talked about after the last paragraph?| A．The interviews with more students. | | B．The role IQ plays in learning well. | | C．The techniques to be better learners. | | D．The achievements top students make. |
小题5:What can we infer from the passage? | A．IQ is more important than hard work in study. | | B．The brightest students can never get low grades. | | C．Top students certainly achieve all-around developments. | | D．Students with average IQ can become super-achievers. |
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Each new school year brings fresh reminders of what educators call the summer learning gap. Some call it the summer learning setback. Simply speaking, it means the longer kids are out of school, the more they forget. The only thing they might gain is weight.
Most American schools follow a traditional nine-month calendar. Students get winter and spring breaks and about ten weeks of summer vacation. Some schools follow a year-round calendar. They hold classes for about eight weeks at a time, with a few weeks off in between. The National Association for Year-Round Education says there were fewer than three thousand such schools at last count. They were spread among forty-six of the fifty states.
But many experts point out that the number of class days in a year-round school is generally the same as in a traditional school. Lead researcher Paul von Hippel said, "Year-round schools don"t really solve the problem of the summer learning setback. They simply spread it out across the year."
Across the country, research shows that students from poor families fall farther behind over the summer than other students. Experts say this can be prevented. They note that many schools and local governments offer programs that can help.
But calling them "summer school" could be a problem. The director of the summer learning center at Johns Hopkins, Ron Fairchild, said research with groups of different parents in Chicago and Baltimore found that almost all strongly disliked the term summer school”. In American culture, the idea of summer vacation is connected to beliefs about freedom and the joys of childhood. The parents welcomed other terms like "summer camp," "enrichment," "extra time" and "hands-on learning."
小题1:According to the first paragraph the summer learning gap .| A．helps children to gain weight | | B．leads children to work harder | | C．improves children’s memories | | D．affects children’s regular studies |
小题2:Compared to traditional schools, students in the year-round ones .| A．perform better and have more learning gains | | B．have much less time for relaxation every year | | C．have generally the same number of class days | | D．hold more classes with more free weeks off |
小题3:Which of the following statements is true?| A．Students from poor families often fall behind after the vacation. | | B．Year-round schools can solve the problem of the learning gap. | | C．There are schools in each state following a year-round calendar. | | D．Nothing can help the students who fall behind after the vocation. |
小题4:Why did almost all parents dislike the term “summer school”?| A．They cherish the children’s rights of freedom very much. | | B．They are worried about the quality of the “summer school”. | | C．They want their children to be forced to make up the gap. | | D．They can’t afford to the further study during vacation. |
小题5:What would be the best title of this passage?| A．Opening Summer Camps | | B．Forbidding Summer Schools | | C．Spreading Year-Round Education | | D．Minding the Summer Learning Cap |
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Why do people drink too much, eat too much, smoke cigarettes or take drugs? What’s to blame for all the bad behavior? Most people would say that, while these self-destructive (自我毁灭的) acts can have many root causes, they all have one obvious thing in common: they are all examples of failures of self-control, lacking the will power to resist them.
According to a recent study, however, if you really think about it, something about that simple answer doesn’t quite make sense. In fact, it turns out that sometimes it’s having will power that really gets you into trouble.
Think back to the time you took your very first sip (啜饮) of beer. Disgusting, wasn’t it? When my father gave me my first taste of beer as a teenager, I wondered why anyone would voluntarily drink it. And smoking? No one enjoys their first cigarette — it tastes awful. So even though smoking, and drinking alcohol or coffee, can become temptation (诱惑) you need will power to resist, they never, ever start out that way.
Just getting past those first horrible experiences actually requires a lot of self-control. Ironically (讽刺的是), only those who can control themselves well, rather than give in to them, can ever come to someday develop a “taste” for Budweiser beer, Marlboro cigarettes, or dark-roasted Starbucks coffee. We do it for social acceptance. We force ourselves to consume alcohol, cigarettes, coffee and even illegal drugs, in order to seem experienced, grown-up, and cool.
These bad habits aren’t self-control failures — far from it. They are voluntary choices, and they are in fact self-control successes. Self-control is simply a tool to be put to some use, helpful or harmful. To live happy and productive lives, we need to develop not only our self-control, but also the wisdom to make good decisions about when and where to apply it.
小题1:What do most people think causes bad behavior?| A．Being forced by others. | | B．Not having enough will power. | | C．Enjoying their first experiences. | | D．Following the examples of their friends. |
小题2:The author mentions his experience in the third paragraph to prove ____.| A．will power helps develop bad habits sometimes | | B．drinking beer is harmful to the health of teenagers | | C．self-control should be developed when one is young | | D．everyone can be challenged by different temptations |
小题3:In the last paragraph, the author stresses that ____.| A．without self-control, no one can succeed | | B．bad habits don’t always lead to bad results | | C．applying self-control correctly is important | | D．people can develop wisdom from bad behavior |
小题4:What would be the best title for the passage?| A．My First Sip of Beer | | B．Do You Have Will Power ? | | C．Will Power Benefits Us | | D．Dark Side of Self-control |
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