Everyone knows about straight-A students. We see them frequently in TV situation
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Everyone knows about straight-A students. We see them frequently in TV situation comedies and in movies like Revenge(报复)of the Nerds. They get high grades, all right, but only by becoming dull laborers, their noses always stuck in a book. They are not good at social communication and look clumsy while doing sports.
How, then, do we account for Domenica Roman or Paul Melendres?
Roman is on the tennis team at Fairmont Senior High School. She also sings in the choral group, serves on the student council and is a member of the mathematics society. For two years she has maintained A’s in every subject. Melendres, a freshman at the University of New Mexico, was student-body president at Valley High School in Albuquerque. He played soccer and basketball well, exhibited at the science fair, and meanwhile worked as a reporter on a local television station. Being a speech giver at the graduation ceremony, he achieved straight A’s in his regular classes, plus bonus points for A’s in two college-level courses.
How do super-achievers like Roman and Melendres do it? Brains aren’t the only answer. “Top grades don’t always go to the brightest students, ” declares Herbert Walberg, a professor of education at the University of Illinois at Chicago, who has conducted major studies on super-achieving students. “Knowing how to make the most of your innate(天生的)abilities counts for more. Much more.”
In fact, Walberg says, students with high IQ sometimes don’t do as well as classmates with lower IQ. For them, learning comes too easily and they never find out how to get down.
Hard work isn’t the whole story, either. “It’s not how long you sit there with the books open, ” said one of the many-A students we interviewed. “It’s what you do while you’re sitting.” Indeed, some of these students actually put in fewer hours of homework time than their lower-scoring classmates.
The kids at the top of the class get there by mastering a few basic techniques that others can readily learn.
小题1:The underlined word “nerds” can probably be________ .| A．dull bookworms lacking sports and social skills | | B．successful top students popular with their peers | | C．students with certain learning difficulties | | D．born leaders crazy about social activities |
小题2:What can we conclude from the first paragraph?| A．Most TV programs and films are about straight-A students. | | B．People have unfavorable impression on straight-A students. | | C．Everyone knows about straight-A students from TV or films. | | D．Straight-A students are well admired by people in the society. |
小题3:Some students become super-achievers mainly because_________ .| A．they are born cleverer than others | | B．they work longer hours at study | | C．they make full use of their abilities | | D．they know the shortcut to success |
小题4:What will be talked about after the last paragraph?| A．The interviews with more students. | | B．The role IQ plays in learning well. | | C．The techniques to be better learners. | | D．The achievements top students make. |
小题5:What can we infer from the passage? | A．IQ is more important than hard work in study. | | B．The brightest students can never get low grades. | | C．Top students certainly achieve all-around developments. | | D．Students with average IQ can become super-achievers. |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:C
小题5:D |
解析
本文讲述的是尖子生的秘诀：知道如何充分利用你的内在能力比智力更重要。
小题1:A词意猜测题。根据后面的文字hey get high grades, all right, but only by becoming dull laborers, their noses always stuck in a book. They are not good at social communication and look clumsy while doing sports.可知描述的是一个书呆子的形象。
小题2:B 推理题。根据第一段的描述，可知人们人们对书呆子的影响并不好。
小题3:C 细节题。根据“Knowing how to make the most of your innate(天生的)abilities counts for more. Much more.可知答案为C。
小题4:C预测下文题。根据最后一段提到许多基本技巧可知，下文应讲述这些基本技巧。
小题5:D推理题。根据students with high IQ sometimes don’t do as well as classmates with lower IQ.以及Brains aren’t the only answer. “Top grades don’t always go to the brightest students,可知答案为D。 |
举一反三
Each new school year brings fresh reminders of what educators call the summer learning gap. Some call it the summer learning setback. Simply speaking, it means the longer kids are out of school, the more they forget. The only thing they might gain is weight.
Most American schools follow a traditional nine-month calendar. Students get winter and spring breaks and about ten weeks of summer vacation. Some schools follow a year-round calendar. They hold classes for about eight weeks at a time, with a few weeks off in between. The National Association for Year-Round Education says there were fewer than three thousand such schools at last count. They were spread among forty-six of the fifty states.
But many experts point out that the number of class days in a year-round school is generally the same as in a traditional school. Lead researcher Paul von Hippel said, "Year-round schools don"t really solve the problem of the summer learning setback. They simply spread it out across the year."
Across the country, research shows that students from poor families fall farther behind over the summer than other students. Experts say this can be prevented. They note that many schools and local governments offer programs that can help.
But calling them "summer school" could be a problem. The director of the summer learning center at Johns Hopkins, Ron Fairchild, said research with groups of different parents in Chicago and Baltimore found that almost all strongly disliked the term summer school”. In American culture, the idea of summer vacation is connected to beliefs about freedom and the joys of childhood. The parents welcomed other terms like "summer camp," "enrichment," "extra time" and "hands-on learning."
小题1:According to the first paragraph the summer learning gap .| A．helps children to gain weight | | B．leads children to work harder | | C．improves children’s memories | | D．affects children’s regular studies |
小题2:Compared to traditional schools, students in the year-round ones .| A．perform better and have more learning gains | | B．have much less time for relaxation every year | | C．have generally the same number of class days | | D．hold more classes with more free weeks off |
小题3:Which of the following statements is true?| A．Students from poor families often fall behind after the vacation. | | B．Year-round schools can solve the problem of the learning gap. | | C．There are schools in each state following a year-round calendar. | | D．Nothing can help the students who fall behind after the vocation. |
小题4:Why did almost all parents dislike the term “summer school”?| A．They cherish the children’s rights of freedom very much. | | B．They are worried about the quality of the “summer school”. | | C．They want their children to be forced to make up the gap. | | D．They can’t afford to the further study during vacation. |
小题5:What would be the best title of this passage?| A．Opening Summer Camps | | B．Forbidding Summer Schools | | C．Spreading Year-Round Education | | D．Minding the Summer Learning Cap |
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Why do people drink too much, eat too much, smoke cigarettes or take drugs? What’s to blame for all the bad behavior? Most people would say that, while these self-destructive (自我毁灭的) acts can have many root causes, they all have one obvious thing in common: they are all examples of failures of self-control, lacking the will power to resist them.
According to a recent study, however, if you really think about it, something about that simple answer doesn’t quite make sense. In fact, it turns out that sometimes it’s having will power that really gets you into trouble.
Think back to the time you took your very first sip (啜饮) of beer. Disgusting, wasn’t it? When my father gave me my first taste of beer as a teenager, I wondered why anyone would voluntarily drink it. And smoking? No one enjoys their first cigarette — it tastes awful. So even though smoking, and drinking alcohol or coffee, can become temptation (诱惑) you need will power to resist, they never, ever start out that way.
Just getting past those first horrible experiences actually requires a lot of self-control. Ironically (讽刺的是), only those who can control themselves well, rather than give in to them, can ever come to someday develop a “taste” for Budweiser beer, Marlboro cigarettes, or dark-roasted Starbucks coffee. We do it for social acceptance. We force ourselves to consume alcohol, cigarettes, coffee and even illegal drugs, in order to seem experienced, grown-up, and cool.
These bad habits aren’t self-control failures — far from it. They are voluntary choices, and they are in fact self-control successes. Self-control is simply a tool to be put to some use, helpful or harmful. To live happy and productive lives, we need to develop not only our self-control, but also the wisdom to make good decisions about when and where to apply it.
小题1:What do most people think causes bad behavior?| A．Being forced by others. | | B．Not having enough will power. | | C．Enjoying their first experiences. | | D．Following the examples of their friends. |
小题2:The author mentions his experience in the third paragraph to prove ____.| A．will power helps develop bad habits sometimes | | B．drinking beer is harmful to the health of teenagers | | C．self-control should be developed when one is young | | D．everyone can be challenged by different temptations |
小题3:In the last paragraph, the author stresses that ____.| A．without self-control, no one can succeed | | B．bad habits don’t always lead to bad results | | C．applying self-control correctly is important | | D．people can develop wisdom from bad behavior |
小题4:What would be the best title for the passage?| A．My First Sip of Beer | | B．Do You Have Will Power ? | | C．Will Power Benefits Us | | D．Dark Side of Self-control |
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Should ecigarettes (electronic cigarettes) be a new choice for the smokers trying to get rid of the habit? Reactions from Americans are mixed．More than half of the people questioned in a survey think ecigarettes should be controlled by the US Food and Drug Administration，but 47 percent believe the ecigarettes should be available to the smokers who want to quit．
“In the hunt for a safer cigarette，ecigarettes are becoming a popular choice among those either trying to quit or looking to replace standard tobacco smoke with an alternative that manufacturers claim to be safer，” Zogby International，which conducted the survey，said in a statement．
About half of the 4,611 adults who took part in the survey had heard about ecigarettes，which are batterypowered，or rechargeable cigarettes that vaporize a liquid nicotine solution．They do not produce smoke but a water vapor without smell．Sold mostly on the Internet，ecigarettes were first made in China．
Last year the World Health Organization (WHO) warned against using ecigarettes，saying there was no evidence to prove they were safe or helped smokers break the habit．The WHO said people who smoke ecigarettes breathe in a fine fog of nicotine into the lungs．
Nearly a third of people questioned in the survey think that ecigarettes should be allowed in places where smoking is forbidden，because they don’t produce smoke，but 46 percent disagree．Men who were aware of the availability of ecigarettes were more likely than women to say they should be a choice available to smokers who want to quit．Young people，aged 18－29，and singles were the groups most open to trying ecigarettes．Smoking is the single largest cause of preventable death worldwide，according to the WHO．
小题1:What can we learn from Paragraph 1?| A．American smokers ought to try ecigarettes． | | B．Americans have different opinions about ecigarettes． | | C．Every kind of cigarettes should be forbidden in America． | | D．Most of the Americans don’t like ecigarettes． |
小题2:According to Zogby International，ecigarettes ______．| A．are much safer than common cigarettes | | B．are popular among people who want to quit smoking | | C．will take the place of traditional cigarettes | | D．are produced in a safer way by manufacturers |
小题3:What do we know about ecigarettes from the passage? | A．Most Americans are familiar with them． | | B．They are a good choice as there is no nicotine． | | C．They produce a water vapor that can’t be seen． | | D．Most people buy them on the Internet． |
小题4:What’s the attitude of the WHO towards ecigarettes?| A．Negative | B．Supportive | C．Doubtful | D．Indifferent |
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Seth DeBolt is a plant scientist at the University of Kentucky US. He and other scientists wanted to find a source of fuel that poor people in rural areas of developing countries could use to make electricity.
The United Nations Development Program says a billion and a half people have no electricity. A billion others have an undependable supply.
Professor DeBolt went on a study trip to rural Indonesia. He saw that there was very little waste in the use of agricultural products. Everything that farmers grew was used for something. Even the remains of fruit that people did not eat were fed to chickens.
Little waste meant there was little that could be used for fuel. Growing a separate fuel crop would take land away from food crops. That was something Professor DeBolt did not want to do.
DeBOLT said, "The people at most risk with respect to energy poverty, typically they"re the same people who have food insecurity issues as it is. And then any change in availability would be most damaging to that group of people."
But he found one item that was in plentiful supply and would not create competition between food and fuel. Coconut shells are generally thrown out. Yet Professor DeBolt says it has an "excellent" heating value. All someone needs is a way to release that energy.
DeBolt says he and his team see possibilities for coconut power. "Coconuts are growing here and these are the areas where there is possibility for energy poverty to be eased at least in part by these small-scale production systems."
The researchers say these systems could provide as much as thirteen percent of the energy needs of a country like Indonesia. Other tropical countries with large crops of coconuts and similar fruit could benefit, as well.
But DeBolt says this is not a perfect solution. There are technical questions, like how to safely deal with the dangerous waste produced in the process. And there needs to be money to get these projects started.
小题1:Professor DeBolt went on a study trip to rural areas of developing countries to .| A．help farmers make full use of waste | | B．seek certain materials to make electricity | | C．persuade farmers to grow more coconuts | | D．find a suitable place to carry out the experiment |
小题2:DeBolt thought it was not a good idea to grow fuel crops because .| A．there are plenty of coconuts | | B．local farmers have no interest in it | | C．it would make food problems worse | | D．fuel crop has little use for local farmers |
小题3:The last two paragraphs mainly tell us that coconut power .| A．needs further experiments and efforts | | B．can help solve energy problem perfectly | | C．will cause technique and money problems | | D．has drawn Indonesia"s government attention |
小题4:What might be the best title for the passage?| A．Make Full Use Of Coconuts | B．Make Power From Coconuts | | C．A Perfect Solution | D．Food And Energy Problems |
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In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animals. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.
From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don’t get to see this soft side of others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we’ re brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that’ s in them.
Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. People behind me began to get impatient and angry, with some speeding up alongside me, horning (按喇叭) or even shouting at me. At that moment，I decided to do something I had never done in twenty-four years of driving. I put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed.
No more angry shouts and no more horns!
When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to the other drivers, “I have a problem here. I am weak and doing the best I can.” And everyone understood. Several times, I saw drivers who wanted to pass. They couldn’t get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.
Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don’t feel that way. But those are few and far between. More often, it would be better if we don’t pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we"re brave when we’re scared.
小题1:The author has discovered that people will feel happy when ________.| A．they offer their help | | B．they receive others’ help | | C．they feel others’ kindness | | D．they show their weakness |
小题2:The author feels sad sometimes because ________.| A．he has a soft heart | | B．he relies much on others | | C．some people pretend to be kind | | D．some people fail to see the kindness in others |
小题3:What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights?| A．They speeded up to pass. | | B．They waited with patience. | | C．They tried their best to help. | | D．They put on their flashlights too. |
小题4:In this passage, the author advises us to ________.| A．handle problems by ourselves | | B．accept help from others | | C．admit our weakness | | D．show our bravery |
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