The temperature of the sun is over 5000 degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but i

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The temperature of the sun is over 5000 degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rises to perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the center．The sun is so much h

otter than die earth that matter can exist only as a gas, except at the core．In the core of the sun, the pressures are so great against the gases that, despite the high temperature, there may be a small solid core．However, no one really knows, since the center of the sun can never be directly observed．
Solar astronomers do know that the sun is divided into five layers or zones．Starting at the outside and going down into the sun, the zones are the corona, chromosphere, photosphere, convection zone and finally the core．The first three zones are regarded as the sun"s atmosphere．
But since the sun has no solid surface, it is hard to tell where the atmosphere ends and the main
body of the sun begins．
The sun"s outermost layer begins about 10000 miles above the visible surface and goes outward for mllions of miles．This is the only part of the sun that can be seen during an eclipse（日食） such as the one in February 1979．At any other time, the corona can be seen only when special instruments are used on cameras and telescopes to shut out the glare of the sun"s rays．
The corona is a brilliant, pearly white, filmy light, about as bright as the full moon．Its beautiful rays are a sensational sight during an eclipse．The corona"s rays flash out in a brilliant fan that has wispy spikelike（一束束穗状） rays near the sun"s north and south poles．The corona is thickest at the sun"s equator．
The corona rays are made up of gases streaming outward at tremendous speeds sad reaching a temperature of more than 2 million degrees Fahrenheit．The rays of gas thin out as they reach the space around the planets．By the time the sun"s corona rays reach the Earth, they are weak and invisible．
小题1:Matter on the aim can exist only in fee form of gas because of the sun"s ___．

A．size

B．age

C．location

D．temperature

小题2:All of the following are parts of the sun"s atmosphere EXCEPT the ___．

A．corona

B．chromosphere

C．photosphere

D．core

小题3:According to the passage, as the corona ra5,"s reach -die plaasts, they become ___．

A．hotter

B．clearer

C．thinner

D．stronger

小题4:Which of "die following do the paragraphs following the passage most likely discuss?

A．The remaining layers of the sun．

B．The evolution of the sun to its present form．

C．The eclipse of February 1979．

D．All the above．

答案

小题1:D
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:A

解析

略

举一反三

Britons Learn to Forgive
LEEDS, England ─ A Leeds University psychology （心理学） professor is teaching a course to help dozens of Britons forgive their enemies．
“The hatred we hold within us is a cancer,” Professor Ken Hart said, adding that holding in anger can lead to problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease．
More than 70 people have become members in Hart’s first 20-week workshop in London ─ a course he says is the first of its kind in the world．
These are people who are sick and tired of living with a memory．They realize their bitterness is a poison they think they can pour out, but they end up drinking it themselves, said Canadian-born Hart．
The students meet in groups of eight to ten for a two-hour workshop with an adviser every fortnight．
The course, ending in July, is expected to get rid of the cancer of hatred in these people．“People have lots of negative attitudes towards forgiveness,” he said, “People confuse forgiveness with forgetting．Forgiveness means changing from a negative attitude to a positive one．”
Hart and his team have created instructions to provide the training needed．
“The main idea is to give you guidelines on how to look at various kinds of angers and how they affect you, and how to change your attitudes towards the person you are angry with,” said Norman Claringbull, a senior expert on the forgiveness project．
Hart said he believes forgiveness is a skill that can be taught, as these people “want to get free of the past”．
小题1:From this passage we know that _________．

A．high blood pressure and heart disease are caused by hatred

B．high blood pressure can only be cured by psychology professors

C．without hatred, people will have less trouble connected with blood pressure and heart

D．people who suffer from high blood pressure and heart disease must have many enemies

小题2:In Hart’s first 20-week workshop, people there can ________．

A．meet their enemies	B．change their attitudes towards bitterness
C．enjoy the professor’s speech	D．learn how to quarrel with others

小题3:If you are a member in Hart’s workshop, you’ll ________．

A．pay much money to Hart	B．go to the workshop every night
C．attend a gathering twice a month	D．pour out everything stored in your mind

小题4:The author wrote this passage in order to ________．

A．persuade us to go to Hart’s workshop

B．tell us the news about Hart’s workshop

C．tell us how to run a workshop like Hart’s 　

D．help us to look at various kinds of angers

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After we meet people it is up to us to make them our friends．Let us stop a moment and consider what really makes a friend．The major qualities like faithfulness, devotion, friendly company, flash through our minds．But it is the large number of very small particular qualities that make up one’s whole character, such as cheerfulness, friendliness, and punctuality (守时).After all, “ to make a friend, be a friend” is not such a big and difficult order．There are particular favorable qualities, which attract others to us, and some elements which do have an effect on people in fundamental psychology(基础心理学) or not.
If you are in the presence of a shy person, talking and asking casual (随意的) questions may bring him out of his shell．Think of what would be most acceptable to the other person, for you to talk, or to listen．Either way the goal is to make yourself pleasant.
Always remember to listen, but listen intelligently．To have anyone “ hang on our words” is the most unnoticeably clever way in the world to please somebody．For a few extremely happy seconds we are the centre of attraction, but when it is our turn to be audience, let us remember how we felt as the actor, and let’s be genuinely (真正地) interested in what the other fellow is saying.
Other people will like us, if we like them．If you want friends, keep your mind and heart open to friendship．Be alive to the other person’s world.
小题1:This passage is mainly about_________________.

A．the ways of talking to a shy person

B．some favorable qualities to be a psychologist

C．how to make yourself attractive to your listeners

D．how to make a friend and be a friend

小题2:The words “ bring him out of his shell” in this passage most probably means ____.

A．make him become active

B．make him feel more nervous

C．help him understand the question better

D．help him listen intelligently

小题3:According to the passage, an important way in making friends is to ________.

A．attract them	B．be attracted
C．listen attentively	D．talk widely

小题4:The words “ Be alive to” in the last sentence of this passage most probably means________.

A．be aware of	B．keep with
C．deal with	D．be ignorant of

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I don"t want to upset you, but nobody can ever find out what day is going to be the last. And so it’s better to live each day of your life as if it is the last. I"m not telling you to quit your job and spend all your money on traveling. But you can live your life to its fullest by adding some simple things to each day. It doesn"t matter what is going on, but it does matter how you feel about it. Here is my recipe for the best day on Earth!
A Handful of Happiness
Where can you find it? Take a look inside of yourself! Happiness doesn"t come from the outside, it is within you. Each moment your life gives you a lot of opportunities to be happy. If you want to see them, you will. If you don’t, it"s up to you.
A Handful of Love
Love is the harmony of your soul. A little love can make a big difference to the whole world. We are one. Everyone and everything deserve your love as well as you do.
A Handful of Dreams
Feel free to dream big dreams and make small steps towards them. You are the creator of your life. Every time you are doing something to achieve your goals you are growing.
A Handful of Creativity
Try to be creative in everything you do. Try to do your best every time you are doing something. Do not be afraid to use your imagination. It"s such a pleasure to do something new. Feel the joy of creation!
A Handful of Magic
Do you believe in magic? Well, you should. Life is full of miracles. In fact, life itself is a big miracle. There are so many things that are beyond our understanding. "There are two ways to live: you can live as if nothing is a miracle; you can live as if everything is a miracle." — Albert Einstein
Celebrate every day of your life! Let the spirit of holiday fill each corner of your heart. Why not? You live your life to its fullest and move towards your dreams!
小题1: What does the author advise people to do?

A．Spend all your money on traveling.

B．Find happiness inside yourself.

C．Love others more than yourself.

D．Do not use much imagination.

小题2: It can be concluded that to realize your big dreams, you need ____________.

A．to keep trying step by step	B．to grow up
C．to feel free	D．to create your life

小题3:What can we learn from the underlined sentence?

A．There are two ways to live a happy life.

B．Nothing is a miracle in your life.

C．Not everything is a miracle.

D．It’s up to you to choose the way to live.

小题4: Which can be the best title of the passage?

A．How to know your last day?

B．How to live a best day?

C．How to make your life miracle?

D．How to realize your dreams?

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Scientists studying the impact of climate change on the Arctic need to consider ways to reduce their own carbon footprints(碳排放量), says Ryan Brook, a researcher who regularly flies north to study the health of caribous(驯鹿).He calls on scientists to show leadership by examining and sharing ways to reduce the impact of working in polar regions.
“The importance of the research is not at question here. It is important to our understanding of and adapting to climate change. But we need to think about better approaches,” says Brook.
“This is an issue for all scientists, though polar researchers often travel particularly long distances using commercial air travel. We also rely extensively on small aircraft, icebreakers, and snowmobiles, all of which produce large amounts of carbon.”
Brook studies the health of caribou herds in Nunavut and Northwest Territories. He works with northern wildlife managers. This work typically takes him north five or six times per year and when he calculated his own carbon footprint, he was not happy with the result.
“My research footprints are about the same as the annual footprints of an average Toronto resident. Basically, I have two footprints — my own personal life, which is moderate, and my research footprint.”
Climate scientists can rightly argue that Arctic research is a specialized field and the community of scientists who travel north is relatively small. Even if all scientists working in the north reduced their carbon emissions, it would not make a big impact on the global scale. For Brook, it’s the option that matters.
There are ways researchers can reduce the amount of carbon they use. Some helicopters use less fuel than others. Solar and wind power are alternatives to gas-fired generators. And while carbon offsets(抵消) don’t reduce the amount of carbon emitted, they are an easy first step.
“There aren’t necessarily any easy answers, but we need to start talking about it,” says Brook. “This is particularly important for the next generation of scientists being trained and I hope to see them become leaders in this issue.”
小题1:What did Brook find when he calculated his own carbon footprints?

A．His carbon footprints are more than the annual footprints of a Toronto resident.

B．His personal life footprints are more than the annual footprints of a Toronto resident.

C．His research footprints are about the same as his personal life footprints.

D．His personal life footprints are more than his research footprints.

小题2: Brook’s opinion is challenged by the statement that .

A．arctic research is very important

B．the Arctic is a special environment

C．the footprints of Arctic scientists are small

D．Brook’s situation is a common phenomenon

小题3:We can infer from the last paragraph that .

A．we should take actions immediately instead of just talking

B．it’s easy to start talking about the problem of carbon emissions

C．it’s necessary now to pay attention to the problem of research footprints

D．the next generation of scientists are more interested in research footprints

小题4:What’s the main idea of the text?

A．The importance of arctic research is not at question.

B．Climate change becomes worse because of arctic research.

C．Brook suggests ways of reducing the use of carbon.

D．Scientists must look at their own carbon footprints.

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In July 1994 Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, was struck by 21 pieces of a comet（彗星）. When the fragment（碎片）landed in the southern part of the giant planet, the explosions were watched by scientists here on earth. But what if our own planet was hit by a comet?
The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two fragments will probably hit the southern part of the Earth. The news has caused panic.
On 17 July, a fragment four kilometers wide enters the Earth’s atmosphere with a huge explosion. About half of the fragment is destroyed. But the major part survives and hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and an enormous wave is created and spreads. The wall of water rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned. The wave moves into the Indian Ocean and heads towards Asia.
Millions of people are already dead in the southern part of the Earth, but the north won’t escape for long. Tons of broken pieces are thrown into the atmosphere by the explosions. As the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later civilization has collapsed. No more than 10 million people have survived.
Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The dinosaurs（恐龙）were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a space fragment. The dinosaurs couldn’t survive in the cold climate that followed and they became extinct. Will we meet the same end?
小题1: Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the author’s description of the disaster in 2094?
The whole mankind becomes extinct.
All the coastal cities in African are destroyed.
The whole world becomes extremely cold.
The visit of the comet results in wars.
小题2:Why does the author mention dinosaurs at the end of the passage?

A．Because they could only live in the warm climate.

B．Because they once dominated the Earth.

C．Because dinosaurs and humans never live in the same age.

D．Because their extinction indicates future disasters

小题3: In writing the passage, the author intends to __________.

A．give an accurate description of the possible disaster in the future

B．warn of a possible disaster in the future

C．tell the historical development of the Earth

D．prove that humans will sooner or later be destroyed

小题4:It can be concluded that the passage is most probably part of a(n) __________.

A．horror story	B．news report
C．article of popular science	D．research paper

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