These days we hear a lot about how air pollution is changing temperatures on the

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These days we hear a lot about how air pollution is changing temperatures on the earth. New evidence from a mountaintop in China now suggests that pollution can also change the amount of rain and snow that falls in some places.
Usually, more rain falls in mountainous places than in flat areas upwind from the mountains. That’s because air can hold a lot of water. When wind blows wet air up a mountainside, the air gets colder. This temperature change often forces water to fall as rain or snow.
In recent years, however, many mountainous areas in the western United States have been getting less rain than normal. Mountains that are downwind from cities have experienced the biggest drops.
Some scientists have theorized（推理）that pollution drifts （趋势）from the cities into the mountains, affecting rainfall, but proving this link has been difficult.
Searching for answers, a team led by a scientist from the Hebrew University went to s mountain in China called Mount Hua, which is 2,060 meters tall and lies about 120 kilometers east of the Chinese city Xi’an. Since 1954, scientists have been collecting details about rainfall, humidity（湿度）, and visibility（能见度）in the area.
Using this data, the scientists compared rainfall on Mount Hua to rainfall in the nearest city, Huayin, on days with different levels of visibility. When the air was clear and people could see as far as 20 km, the scientists found that 65% more rain fell on the mountain than in the city.
But when the air was smoggy, allowing only 8 km of visibility through the mist, the mountain received just 20% more rain than the city. The new data supports the theory that pollution affects rainfall.
Some scientists believe that there are other explanations for the numbers. It’s possible, for example, that natural particles（微粒）in the air, rather than particles produced by pollution, are affecting visibility.
小题1:According to the 1^st paragraph, air pollution is changing the following EXCEPT ______.

A．the temperature	B．the amount of rain
C．the habit of eating	D．the amount of snow

小题2:According to the passage, what will probably happen when the wet air in the sky gets colder?

A．It will probably rain or snow	B．It will probably be cloudy.
C．It will probably wind	D．It will probably become dry.

小题3:Why did the team led by a scientist go to Mount Hua?

A．They wanted to pay a visit to Mount Hua.

B．They wanted to collect the data for their theory.

C．They wanted to measure Mount Hua.

D．They wanted to have a good rest on Mount Hua.

小题4:You can most probably read the passage in _______.

A．a travel guide

B．a telephone book

C．a cartoon book

D．a science book

答案

小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:D

解析

小题1:从第一段提供的信息可知，air pollution正在改变全球temperature、the amount of rain and snow。所以选项Ｃ是正确答案。）
小题2:从第二段中的句子“When wind blows wet air up a mountainside, the air gets colder. This temperature change often forces water to fall as rain or snow.”可知，A是正确答案。）
小题3:从第五段提供的信息可知，B是正确答案。）
小题4:本文讲述的是科学家们的研究结果，所以最有可能出现在a science book里。）

举一反三

When next year’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, they’ll be joined by a new face: Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost(教务长) of Yale, who’ll become Oxford’s vice-chancellor——a position equal to university president in America.
Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc. have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it’s gone global. Yet the talent flow isn’t universal. High-level personnel(人员) tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.
The chief reason is that American schools don’t tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university’s budget. “We didn’t do any global consideration,” says Patricia Hayes, the board’s chair. The board finally picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist(活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a particularlly American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.
Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student numbers. The decline in government support has made fund-raising an increasingly necessary ability among administrators (管理人员), and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.
In the past few years, well-known schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”
Of course, fund-raising isn’t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind to promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective(视角) on established practices.
小题1:What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?

A．Institution worldwide are hiring administrators from the US.

B．A lot of activists are being hired as administrators

C．American universities are enrolling more international students.

D．University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising.

小题2: What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators?

A．The political correctness.	B．Their ability to raise funds.
C．Their fame in academic circles.	D．Their administrative experience.

小题3: What do we learn about European universities from the passage?

A．The tuitions(学费) they charge h

ave been rising considerably.

B．Their operation is under strict government control.

C．They are strengthening their position by globalization.

D．Most of their money comes from the government.

小题4:In what way do top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development?

A．They can improve the university’s image.

B．They will bring with them more international personnel.

C．They will view a lot of things from a new angle.

D．They can set up new academic subjects.

小题5:Which of the following would make the best title of the passage?

A．Higher Education Globalization	B．Global Headhunting In Higher Education
C．Global Higher Education Cooperation	D．Universal Higher Education Development

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Annealing
Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly, if metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping(浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle(脆)—that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not breaks as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass.
1. Annealing can make metal ____
　　A. hard and tough(韧)　B. hard but brittle　　C. soft but tough　　D. soft and brittle
2. Why do people put hot metal in water?
　　A. To make it hard.　　B. To make it soft.　C. To make it cool.　D. To make it brittle
3. In annealing, the required hardness of a metal depends on 　______
　　A. the quantity of water used　B. the temperature of the metal
　　C. the softness of the metal　 D. the timing of the operation
4. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle?
　　A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly.
　　B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.
　　C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly.
D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.

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Shishmaref, an Eskimo village on an island off northwestern Alaska, is falling into the ocean. Giant storm waves have so hit the place—once well buffered by sea ice—that villagers voted in 2002 to leave their ancestral home for the mainland. They are being called one of the first refugees（难民）of global warming.

“We tend to describe climate change in terms that are abstract—a one degree rise in temperature, an increase in greenhouse gases—but when waves wash away a village, that’s concrete and very emotional,” says Igor Krupnik, an expert at the National Museum of Natural History. “When they lose a piece of their land, they aren’t just losing a certain number of square miles. They are losing part of their history and their memory. They are losing childhood events and grandparents’ tales.”
Before temperatures began to rise in Shishmaref about 30 years ago, 20 to 30 miles of hard sea ice protected the village from powerful fall storms. But the natives say the ice doesn’t freeze as solidly or as soon as it used to and now stretches only six or seven miles, leaving the community of 600 people more exposed. Storms have swept houses into the ocean.
The villagers’ plan is to move to Tin Creek, a site on the Alaska mainland 12 miles away, and they have received $180 million from the government. Residents hope that in their new community they’ll be able to maintain their close ties, continue hunting animals, and keep fishing, much as their ancestors have done for centuries. “People are asking why the government should be spending so much money on so few people,” said a government official. “But people in Alaska are like everyone else. We want to help keep their culture alive.”
小题1:The underlined word “buffered” probably means “______”.

A．protected

B．destroyed

C．prevented

D．damaged

小题2:From the passage what do we know about the sea ice around the village in the past?

A．It was very thin and easily broken.

B．It was very thick and smooth.

C．It frozen more solidly and sooner.

D．It frozen more slowly and solidly.

小题3:According to the passage, _____ caused the village to be in danger of disappearing.

A．water pollution	B．global warming
C．air pollution	D．human’s actions

小题4:What’s the villagers’ main purpose to rebuild the community?

A．To live more happily	B．To earn money
C．To avoid being washed away	D．To keep their culture alive

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　　On May 21, 2000, some American scientists were working at the computers to look for information they needed . Suddenly they saw a lot of very bright red spots crossing the computers’ screens. At the same time the computers were working much slower. To find out what was happening they stopped their work to check some parts of the computers. To their horror, they found out that most of their stored information was got rid of by computer viruses (病毒). Obviously all these computers had been infected by computer viruses.
It is said that the computer viruses were made by two or three Philippine young men fond of playing tricks. They all had excellent education. They created the viruses just to show their intelligence. The kind of computer virus is named I Love You Virus. This virus can hide in computers for long. When the time comes they will attack the computers by lowering the important functions, damaging their normal programs or even getting rid of a great deal of information which operators of the computers often use or store, what’s worse, it still can reproduce itself in great quantities within a short time.
We come to know that “I Love You” Virus often attacks computers on Mondays and that it is spreading to many computers in the world. Among the countries that suffered computer viruses last year are Britain, Australia, Switzerland and the USA. Those who made the computer muses have been found out slowly and carefully. But till now, how to get rid of the terrible viruses remains a problem.
1.When the viruses attack the computers, the computers will work _______.
　　A. normally　B. abnormally　C. faster　D. well
2 .Two or three Philippine young men created the computer viruses to _______.
　　A. damage the computers
　　B. test their ability quickly
　　C. tell the world that they were intelligent
　　D. play a trick in operators of the computers
3. According to the passage, computer viruses seem to________.
　　A. have been in nature for years
　　B. exist in any computers
　　C. be able to be got rid of in the near future
　　D. be difficult to get rid of at present
4.The most serious damage caused by the viruses is that_______.
　　A. the computer’s funtions are lowered
　　B. the normal programs are damaged
　　C. all the information stored in the computers is gone
　　D. the computers infected by the viruses can no longer be used
5. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
　　A. Scientists are trying to find a way to get rid of the viruses.
　　B. The viruses will come to the new computer after staying in the old one for some time.
　　C. Last year four countries found their computers were infected by 　　viruses.
　　D. The “I Love You” Virus is a great harm to human health.

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In Renee Smith"s classroom, attendance is up, trips to the headmaster"s office are down and students are handing in assignments on time. The Springfield High School teacher says she has seen great ___11___ since adding a few new students to her class – five Labrador puppies and their father.
The seven ___12___ students in Smith"s class have a history of discipline ___13___. But since they"ve started teaching the dogs obedience (顺从), their own ___14___ has improved. A dog trainer Chuck Reynolds ___15___ the students a new trick each week that they then work on with the puppies. At night, the dogs go home with the staff members who have raised them. They get dropped off in the morning, ___16___ a parent would take a child to day care.
Smith said she came up with the idea when her dog had puppies and she saw how ___17___ her own children responded to them. She consulted with school psychologist Kristin Edinger, ___18___ they took the idea-- along with letters from students ___19___the programme -- to the school board. A pet therapist said, "What you are trying to teach is ___20___ and that there are consequences for the decisions you make."
11. A. promotion   B. progress C. disturbance D. disappointment
12. A. human   B. dog      C. new       D. Labrador
13. A. problems    B. questions    C. issues    D. troubles
14. A. habit     B. attitude   C. action   D. behaviour
15. A. guides      B. teaches      C. permits     D. aids
16. A. such as       B. much as    C. so that    D. even if
17. A. well     B. quickly    C. poorly     D. carelessly
18. A. but   B. so     C. and     D. because
19. A. revising    B. describing     C. opposing  D. supporting
20. A. self-criticism   B. self-respect
C. self-control        D. self-importance

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