Is It OK to Snap （拍照） Your Food? Have you ever taken a snap of a luxurious cake
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Is It OK to Snap （拍照） Your Food?
Have you ever taken a snap of a luxurious cake or photographed a juicy steak when you eat in restaurants? You may want to share what you eat with your friends or just post part of your daily life onto the Internet. However, such action may be very annoying(讨厌的) to other diners, or even to chefs and restaurant owners. Currently, more and more people begin to consider “ foodstagramming” as very silly and a bad manner.
In many restaurants, diners complain of being blinded by flasher(闪光灯), snapped without their permission and disturbed by people climbing on to chairs for a better angle. Even chefs and restaurant owners are annoyed at food photography. A Michelin-starred(米其林星级) chef said, “It’s hard to build a memorable evening when flashes are flying every six minutes.”
At the start of 2013, the debate on whether it is OK to take photographs of your food in restaurants seemed to swing (摇摆) towards a definite “no.” According to several chefs in New York City, some restaurants there have started banning customers from taking photos of their food. Policies around the ban of food photography vary from restaurant to restaurant, ranging from restrictions on using a flash to outright(完全的) bans. If other restaurants follow such policies, it may signal the death of “ foodstagramming”.
Nevertheless, instead of banning food photography, some restaurants are offering food photography courses. In Spain, the restaurant group Grupo Gourmet has started running a “ Fotografia para foodies” course to instruct its customers to better take food pictures. The course teaches customers to take photos in a proper way without disturbing other dinners, such as never use a flash.
小题1:Who are annoyed with food photography in restaurants?| A．Restaurant owners. | B．Other diners. | | C．Chefs. | D．The above all. |
小题2:What did some New York restaurants do about food photography?| A．They started to ban customers from taking photos of their food. | | B．They had no idea about taking photos for the profits. | | C．They wanted to talk with some customers. | | D．They decided to learn from Spain. |
小题3:What did the Spanish restaurant group do about food photography?| A．It told the customers when to take food pictures. | | B．It asked the customers to pay for taking food pictures. | | C．It ran a course to instruct customers to better take food pictures. | | D．It also prevented the customers from taking food pictures. |
小题4:What is foodstagramming?| A．It’s a popular practice where diners take photos of their meals and share them online. | | B．It’s a popular practice where dinners take photos of their meals and sells to others. | | C．It’s a habit that people take photos when they eat. | | D．It’s an idea how to take photos of their meals. |
小题5:Which of the following is True?| A．Customers in America like others to use flashes when they eat. | | B．Restaurants in Spain think of a methord to meet people’s need. | | C．American government is discussing the problem of foodstagramming. | | D．People in China are trying to think of an idea to deal with the problem. |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:A
小题5:B |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍一种流行的做法，食客拍下食物的照片到网上和别人分享，但是这种做法会让其他吃饭的人，厨师和饭店的主人生气，不同地方的人对这种做法的反应也不一样。
小题1:细节题：从第一段的句子：However, such action may be very annoying(讨厌的) to other diners, or even to chefs and restaurant owners.可知给食物拍照可能会让其他吃饭的人，厨师和饭店的主人生气，选 D
小题2:细节题：从第三段的句子：According to several chefs in New York City, some restaurants there have started banning customers from taking photos of their food. 可知在纽约的一些餐馆已经开始禁止人们给食物拍照了， A
小题3:细节题：从最后一段的句子：In Spain, the restaurant group Grupo Gourmet has started running a “ Fotografia para foodies” course to instruct its customers to better take food pictures.可知西班牙的餐馆开设课程教顾客拍出更好的照片，选C
小题4:猜词题： 从第一段的句子：You may want to share what you eat with your friends or just post part of your daily life onto the Internet. 可知foodstagramming是一种流行的做法，食客拍下食物的照片到网上和别人分享，选A
小题5:细节题：从最后一段的句子：The course teaches customers to take photos in a proper way without disturbing other dinners, such as never use a flash. 可知西班牙餐馆想出一个办法满足顾客的需求，选B |
举一反三
Cause and effect is one way to explain things that happen around us. Many things happen because something caused or influenced them to happen. Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what causes the effect. It may help you to start with the effect and use your reasoning(推理的) skills. Think about all the things you know that could be reasons for the effect you can see.
For example, you may see someone putting on a heavy jacket. This is the effect. To look for a cause, think to yourself, “What would make someone put on a heavy jacket?” Maybe the person works in the penguin pen(企鹅圈养地) at a Sea World. Maybe the person is going to visit an ice skating rink where the air is kept very cold. All of these things could be a cause for putting on a heavy jacket.
Now, think about a second example. The effect is a boy named Abi has to go to the head teacher’s office. What are the possible causes? Maybe he bullied(欺负)another student. Maybe he is just being picked up early. Maybe he is being given a prize!
Here is another example for you to think about its cause and effect. Cait, 13, was trying to fall asleep when her 8-year-old brother,Doug, came into her room. He looked around a bit, but seemed really out of it. Then Doug went back into the hallway and stood there looking straight up at the hall light for quite a while. Little brothers can be very strange, this was really much too strange. Cait didn’t know what to do. Just then, Cait’s father appeared and explained that Doug was sleepwalking. What’s the cause and effect, could you tell?
小题1:According to the second paragraph, which of the following is an effect?| A．Someone will go outside into cold weather. | | B．Someone works in the penguin pen. | | C．Someone puts on a heavy jacket. | | D．Someone will go to visit an ice skating rink. |
小题2:Abi has to go to the head teacher’s office. Which of the following isn’t the possible cause?| A．He bullied another student. | B．He is going shopping. | | C．He is being picked up early. | D．He is being given a prize. |
小题3: What was Doug doing when his sister Cait tried to fall asleep?| A．He was going outside | B．He was reading a story. | | C．He was leep walking. | D．He was looking for his dad. |
小题4:Which of the following is cause and effect?| A．Tony got up and had a glass of water. | | B．We came home and found him sleeping. | | C．The ball was lost and a window was broken. | | D．Tim was late again and his teacher got angry. |
小题5:What is the best title for the text?| A．Truth and lies | B．Work and sleep | | C．Cause and effect | D．Life and dreams |
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Remains of ancient civilization are places which were designed and built as a lasting tribute(致敬）to some individuals or events. By visiting these ______ monuments, you are sure to be amazed by how ____ the ancient civilization that existed centuries before you was. Some of the facilities which could be dated back hundreds of years ago are still in use today. Besides, you will also ______ at the mysterious stories behind it. The Great Wall, _____, is probably the best-known monument of China, which consists of a network of walls and towers through which the attack warnings could be received within minutes. _____ then had enough time to prepare. Estimates (估算）of the total length of the monument ______, depending on which sections are included and how they are measured. One of the _____ mysteries is that, although some of the wall is _____ in special radar images taken by satellites, astronauts have confirmed that the existing wall is not several thousand years old, nor is it, as many people had _____ visible to the human eye form outer space.
Even older than the Great Wall of China is the Great Pyramid(金字塔）of Giza. Over a 20-year period, thousands of workers made the vision become ____ with numerous blocks, each weighing more than two tons. It’s still a(n) _____ to modern people how ancient men handled_____ of these giant stones in a time when cars or boats never existed some 4500 years ago. The pyramid served not only as a tomb for King Khufu, but also a place of _____ activity. The number of the God’s servants at that time showed the importance of such activities. After Khufu died, his body was carefully treated with various medicines and materials and was wrapped in order to be ____ for long. According to ancient Egyptian belief, the pyramid, where the mummy was placed, provided a place for the king to pass into the afterlife. Then his servants performed rituals(仪式）to bring _____ to the dead king’s soul, removing all the unrest and pain from his next life.
| 小题1: | | A．modern | B．historic | C．official | D．commercial |
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| 小题2: | | A．advanced | B．technical | C．overlooked | D．energetic |
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| 小题3: | | A．stare | B．wonder | C．aim | D．call |
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| 小题4: | | A．in addition | B．in other words | C．however | D．for example |
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| 小题5: | | A．Mechanics | B．Workers | C．Astronauts | D．Soldiers |
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| 小题6: | | A．extend | B．remain | C．vary | D．progress |
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| 小题7: | | A．long-standing | B．widely-used | C．carefully-chosen | D．clearly-stated |
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| 小题8: | | A．recognizable | B．reasonable | C．reliable | D．responsible |
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| 小题9: | | A．proved | B．claimed | C．threatened | D．requested |
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| 小题10: | | A．reality | B．tradition | C．mansion | D．civilization |
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| 小题11: | | A．burden | B．secret | C．solution | D．fortune |
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| 小题12: | | A．finance | B．storage | C．transportation | D．production |
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| 小题13: | | A．sports | B．religious | C．fighting | D．family |
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| 小题14: | | A．preserved | B．recovered | C．buried | D．restored |
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| 小题15: | | A．leadership | B．peace | C．honour | D．inspiration |
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The traditional distinction between products that satisfy needs and those that satisfy wants is no longer adequate to describe classes of products. In today’s prosperous societies, the distinction has become unclear because so many wants have been turned into needs. A writer, for instance, can work with paper and pencils. These are legal needs for the task. But the work can be done more quickly and efficiently with a word processor. Thus a computer is soon viewed as a need rather than a want.
In the field of marketing, consumer goods are classed according to the way in which they are purchased. The two main classes are convenience goods and shopping goods. Two lesser types are specialty goods and unsought(主动提供的) goods. It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products, not on the nature of the products themselves. What is regarded as a convenience item in France (wine, for example) should be a specialty goods in the United States.
People do not spend a great deal of time shopping for such convenience items as groceries, newspapers, toothpaste, aspirin, and candy. The buying of convenience goods may be done routinely, as some families buy groceries once a week. Such regularly purchased items are called staples. Sometimes convenience products are bought without enough thinking; someone has a sudden desire for an ice cream sundae(圣代) on a hot day. Or they may be purchased as emergency items.
Shopping goods are items for which customers search. They compare prices, quality, and styles, and may visit a number of stores before making a decision. Buying an automobile is often done this way.
Shopping goods fall into two classes; those that are recognized as basically the same and those that are regarded as different. Items that are looked upon as basically the same include such things as home appliances, television sets, and automobiles. Having decided on the model desired, the customer is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorable price. Items regarded as essentially different include clothing, furniture, and dishes. Quality, style and fashion will either take precedence(优先) over price, or they will not matter at all.
小题1:It can be learned from the first paragraph that ______. | A．a writer needs a word processor | | B．needs and wants can’t be separated clearly | | C．the way to distinguish the products is unimportant | | D．a computer is a need rather than a want |
小题2:The example of wine is used to illustrate that ______.| A．goods are classified differently in different countries | | B．the types of the product lie on the people rather than its nature | | C．Frenchmen often drink but Americans sometimes do | | D．one product may belong to many types |
小题3:Staples are items that ______. | A．are convenient to purchase | | B．are purchased without enough thinking | | C．people “want but don’t need” | | D．people are in constant need of |
小题4:Shopping goods that are considered as basically the same are those that ______. | A．consumers don’t care where to buy them | | B．consumers spend much time searching for | | C．satisfy similar needs of the consumer | | D．can be found in nearly every shop |
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Credit cards are the most convenient form of payment, and they are aggressively marketed to college students. Reportedly, a typical college student carries 4.6 credit cards and US＄3,173 in credit card debt.
Credit cards seem to be a fact of life, not just student life. In the long term, using a credit card properly and paying off the balance can help establish a card history and increase your credit score, which will come in handy when you need an important loan, for a house or car, for example. Your credit score can affect even unrelated things like insurance rates. Credit cards also offer more protection for users than debit cards （借记卡）.Under federal law, the credit card holder is only responsible for the first US＄50 in fraudulent(欺诈的)purchases in cases of theft or loss. However, debit card users are responsible for the first US＄500.
SallieMae found some good news in the fact that two thirds of students had discussed credit issues with their parents, but 84 percent said they needed more information. Those who didn’t get any guidance were more likely to be surprised when they found out how much they owed.
While credit cards offer the easiest access to money, they make it easy to live outside your means. Less than a fifth of students surveyed paid off their balance every month, and carrying a balance brings finance charges, sometimes at a very high interest rates.
SallieMae found that almost 40 percent of students chose their first credit card based on direct mail, which is probably why students get credit card offers in the mail. But when the credit card offers flow in, be sure that you read the fine print. Offers of low or no interest rates can disappear, leaving you a debt that climbs beyond your ability to pay it off.
小题1: What does the first paragraph imply?| A．Most of the senior students are shocked to see how much they owed. | | B．Students can only take out loans from credit cards. | | C．Most of students’ loans come from credit cards. | | D．Credit cards have a bad effect on college students. |
小题2: The underlined part “come in handy” in the third paragraph probably means “_______”.| A．bring trouble | B．make mistakes | C．be important | D．be useful |
小题3: According to SallieMae, what is the possible reason why students get so many credit card offers in the mail?| A．Many students’ first credit card is based on direct mail. | | B．It costs the banks little to mail out credit cards. | | C．Students don’t like to go to the bank to open a credit card account. | | D．Banks have no other way to let students use their credit cards. |
小题4:What is the theme of the third paragraph?| A．The advantages of using debit cards. | | B．The similarities between credit cards and debit cards. | | C．The advantages of using credit cards. | | D．Credit cards are the most convenient form of payment. |
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The dirt road made our car jump as we traveled to the Millennium Village in Sauri, Kenya. We passed the market where women sat on the dusty ground selling bananas. Little kids were wrapped in cloth on their mothers’ backs, or running around in bare feet and torn clothing. When we reached the village, we walked to the Bar Sauri Primary School to meet the people. Welcoming music and singing had almost everyone dancing. We joined the dancing and clapped（鼓掌）along to the joyful, lively music. The year was 2004, the first time I had ever been to Sauri.
The Millennium Village project was created to help reach the Millennium Development Goals, which were set by the United Nations in 2000. The plan is to get people out of poverty, assure（确保）them of access to health care and help them stabilize the economy and quality of life in their communities. The goals are supposed to be met by 2015; some other targets are set for 2025. But our first sight of Sauri showed us there was plenty of work to do.
On that day in 2004, we followed the village leaders into Yala Sub-District Hospital. It wasn’t in good shape. The rooms were packed with patients who probably wouldn’t receive treatment, either because the hospital did not have it or the patients could not afford it. There was no running water or electricity in the hospital. It is hard for me to see people sick with preventable diseases who are near death when they shouldn’t have to be. I just get scared and sad.
Malaria（痢疾）is one disease, common in Africa, which is preventable and treatable. Mosquitoes carry malaria, and infect people by biting them. Kids can die from it easily, and adults get very sick. Mosquitoes that carry malaria come at night. A mosquito net, treated with chemicals that last for five years, keeps malarial mosquitoes away from sleeping people. Each net costs $5. There are some cheap medicines to get rid of malaria too. The solutions are simple, yet 20,000 kids die from the disease each day. So sad, and so illogical. Mosquito nets could save millions of lives.
We walked over to see the farmers. Their crops started to die because they could not afford the necessary fertilizer（肥料）and irrigation. Time and again, a family will plant seeds only to have an outcome of poor crops because of lack of fertilizer and water. Each year, the farmers worry: Will they harvest enough food to feed the whole family? Will their kids go hungry and become sick?
Many kids in Sauri didn’t attend school because their parents couldn’t afford school fees. Some kids are needed to help with housework, such as fetching water and wood. In 2004, the schools had minimal supplies like books paper and pencils, but the students wanted to learn. They all worked hard with the few supplies they had. It was hard for them to concentrate, though, as there’s no midday meal.
Great changes have taken place in these years. Today, Yala Sub-District Hospital has medicine, free of charge. Water is connected to the hospital, which also has a generator（发电机）for electricity. There are no school fees, and the school now serves midday meals for the students. The attendance rate is way up. All this is encouraging supporters of the Millennium Villages project.
There are many solutions to the problems that keep people poor. What it will really take is for the world to work together to change poor areas forever. When my kids are my age, I want this kind of poverty to be a thing of history. It will not be an easy task. But Sauri’s progress shows us all that winning the fight against poverty is achievable in our lifetime.
小题1:In Paragraph 1, the writer describes the kids’ clothes to show that _________________.| A．local children spent a lot of time outside | | B．local parents were not responsible | | C．local villagers were very poor | | D．local villagers were very friendly |
小题2: What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 3?| A．Medical conditions. | B．Agriculture. | | C．Education. | D．Economy. |
小题3:What does the underlined word “minimal” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?| A．Many. | B．Few. | C．Colorful. | D．Various. |
小题4:Because there was no midday meal in school, __________________.| A．kids lacked energy to study attentively | | B．many kids dropped out of school | | C．kids made more efforts to study hard | | D．many kids had to go back home for lunch |
小题5:This story is mainly about _____________________________.| A．the education in an African village | | B．the schools and hospitals in an African village | | C．the poverty and the progress of an African village | | D．the author’s car journey to an African village |
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