DOne of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their ident

DOne of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their ident

题型:不详难度:来源:
D
One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. “One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states.” said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.
In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 “Toubon law” in France, but the idea has been copied in many countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.
It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.
The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields to defend.
小题1:Neville Alexander believes that         .
A.mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countries
B.lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure
C.globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trends
D.globalization has resulted in the economic failure of Africa
小题2:The underlined word “futile” (in paragraph 2) most probably means “        “.     
A.uselessB.practicalC.workableD.unnecessary
小题3:Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection efforts described in the passage?
A.They think language protection laws are ineffective.
B.They want their language to spread to other countries.
C.They have a long history of taking words from other languages.
D.It reduces a language’s ability to acquire international importance.
小题4:What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.English has taken over fields like public communication and education.
B.Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages.
C.Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.
D.Many aspects of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.
小题5:The main idea of the passage is       .  
A.Fighting against the rule of English
B.Globalization and multi-language trends
C.Protecting local languages and identities
D.To maintain the purity of language by law

答案

小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:D
小题5:C
解析

试题分析:现在世界全球化导致很多国家的独特的文化收到了冲击和影响,本文讲述地正是这方面的话题。很多国家都采取了很多的措施来保护本国的文化。
小题1:B 细节题。根据文章第一段“One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states.” said Neville Alexander,可知他认为母语教育方面的缺失会导致经济方面的失败。故B正确。
小题2:A 推理题。根据本句. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.可知很多语言专家都认为的努力是无用的,因为这样的控制是没有什么效果的。故A正确。
小题3:C 推理题。根据文章倒数第二段第二句Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language.可知英语中的外来词太多了,所以他们不支持这样的语言保护政策。故C正确。
小题4:D 推断题。根据文章第一段第一句One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend.可知很多国家都因为英语的广泛推广而导致本国的语言和文化受到了冲击和影响。故D正确。
小题5:C 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend.可知现在世界全球化导致很多国家的独特的文化收到了冲击和影响,本文讲述地正是这方面的话题。故C正确。
点评:现在世界全球化导致很多国家的独特的文化收到了冲击和影响,本文讲述地正是这方面的话题。求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上,把握文章的真正内涵。要吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索,这是推理的前提和基础;要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工,由表入里,由浅入深,从具体到抽象,从非凡到一般,通过分析、综合、判定等,进行深层处理,符合逻辑地推理。不能就是论事,断章取义,以偏概全。要忠实于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。
举一反三
E
When I was growing up, 16 was always a magical age, a symbol of maturity, responsibility and of course more independence and freedom.  I sat through the hours of Driver’s Ed classes eager to get out on the road. I couldn’t wait to get my driver’s license.
But it’s a different story for today’s teens. In January, the U.S. Department Transportation released 2012 data that showed only 30.7 percent of U.S. teens got their license at age 16, Twenty years before, that number was almost 45 percent.
There are numbers of reasons for the fall – off. The growing responsibilities like paying for insurance and high gas prices discourage teens from getting behind the wheel. Plus, many teens today are so busy with homework, endless hours of activities and part-time jobs, that finding the time for Driver’s Ed classes may be more difficult that ever.
In addition, many states have raised the driving age, or restricted when teens can drive and who they can have in the car. Parents may also be making their own personal restrictions until they feel their teens are responsible enough to drive safely.
Driving is part of the American culture, but it’s not the central focus like it was 25 years ago. They have so many other things to do now. One of the more interesting factors delaying teens driving might be the change of their social life. Today, teens need to look no further than Face book or other social networking sites to connect with their friends. There is simply less need, maybe less desire, to be able to grab the keys and go.
Michelle Wei got her license as a senior in high school because her digital social life made it easy no to drive. “If I couldn’t get a ride to see my friend who lives a town over,” the 19-year-old said, “I could talk on IM or Skype.”
Research has shown that these online relationships can lead to higher quality friendships, so it isn’t necessarily a bad thing. However, it’s important to find a balance. If old face-to-face friendships are good, why not drive to find them?
小题1:We can infer from the first paragraph that         .
A.Driver’s Ed classes allowed teens to know what maturity was
B.getting a driving license at 16 was a must for American teens
C.16 was considered an age when one could get his driver’s license
D.teens could drive on the road without taking Driver’s Ed classes
小题2:What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.Desire to drive on the road declines among American teens.
B.Getting a license costs much more than ever before.
C.Social networking sites are changing the life of American teens.
D.American teens are becoming more responsible than ever.
小题3:Michelle’s Wei’s example is used to explain ________.
A.why American teens are crazy about digital social life
B.what social networking websites are bringing to American teens
C.to what degree the Internet is affecting the American car culture
D.what the Internet does to help teens to get a driving license
小题4:The last paragraph is reminding the readers that        .
A.the Internet h as a bad effect on the teen’s social life
B.teens should keep a balance in choosing their lifestyle
C.actual contacts can be replaced by talking on line
D.face-to-face friendship is always the best choice

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Millions of British people have ditched the traditional “thank you” and replaced it with the less formal “cheers”, according to a survey.
Although the average person will say “thank you” nearly 5,000 times a year, one in three are more likely to throw in a “cheers” or “ta” where it’s needed, rather than risk sounding old fashioned.
One in 20 now say “nice one” instead, while younger generations are more likely to offer a “cool” than a “thank you”. “Merci”, “fab” and even “gracias” were also listed as common phrases to use, as was “much appreciated”.
One in twenty who took part in the survey of 2,000 people by the Food Network UK for Thank You Day, which is marked on November 24, 2011, said a formal “thank you” was now not often needed in everyday conversation. More than one in ten adults said they regularly wouldn’t say “thank you” if they were in a bad mood.
Most people declared that saying “thank you” was something drilled into them by their parents. A huge 70 percent of those questioned will say “thank you” to a person’s face without even meaning it, while a fifth avoid saying it when they know they should — on at least two occasions every day.
It seems our friends and family get the brunt (压力) of our bad manners with half admitting they’re not good at thanking those closest to them — many justifying (为……辩解) the lack of thanks because their family “already know I’m grateful”.
When spoken words won’t do, it falls to a nice text to do the job for most people. A thank you email is also popular, while a quarter turn to social networks to express gratitude. A quarter of British people say thank you with food, with 23 percent cooking a meal to show their appreciation to someone. Another 15 percent bake a cake. A third will still send a handwritten thank-you note — but 45 percent admit it’s been more than six months since they bothered to send one.
It follows that 85 percent of people will be annoyed at not getting the gratitude they feel they should receive. 
小题1:Most of the people who took part in the survey say that they say “thank you” _____.
A.when they are in good moodB.completely out of habit
C.when they feel truly grateful D.purely out of politeness
小题2:The underlined word “ditched” in Paragraph 1 means “_____”.
A.abandonedB.usedC.sharedD.grasped
小题3:It can be learned from the passage that _____.
A.different ways of expressing gratitude are all fashionable
B.people should avoid saying “thank you” nowadays
C.a thank-you note is still appreciated by most people
D.people in a bad mood never say “thank you”
小题4:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Most people express their gratitude to others by buying food for them.
B.About fifty percent of people try not to say thank you when they should.
C.Most people may feel natural when they fail to receive others’ gratitude.
D.Many people think it unnecessary to say thanks to their family members.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Internet dating has become one of the biggest and most successful business ventures on the Internet.Basically,Internet dating is a way to meet people for either friendship or dating without actually having to meet them in person first.
The first thing to do if you decide to try Internet dating is to build your profile which can include your hobbies,hopes for the future,and so on.A photograph is optional,but many sites claim that a photograph increases the number of people who look at your profile. Many Internet dating sites will charge a one-time registration fee to use their services.
Internet dating makes it possible to meet people from all over the world. You call even narrow the search down to your area by zip code.Another advantage is that you can communicate by email before you meet in person.Thousands of people have met,fallen in love,and married through Internet dating.It is an excellent way for shy people to meet.It is also a way for people with busy lives to connect with others,and an easy way to meet people who share your interests.
Just as in conventional dating and love,there are some pitfalls to be aware of in Internet dating.The person you have been talking to on the net may not be who they say they are. Be very aware that there are some people who misrepresent their appearance or private details,such as marital status,income,and so on,for their own reasons.It would not be the first time that someone has been taken in, and talk shows are full of cheating partners who have been caught dating over the Internet in their spare time.Nevertheless,taking a few simple precautions should help ensure that your Internet dating experience is fun.
小题1:The purpose of writing the passage is to _____.                   
A.persuade readers to go dating on the Internet
B.inform us how to date on the Internet
C.warn readers against web love
D.introduce Internet dating to us
小题2:Which of the following is a must to make an Internet dating possible?
A.A photo .B.A profile.C.Registration fee. D.Business experience.
小题3:One advantage of Internet dating is that _____.               .
A.you can avoid a face-to-face meeting in the beginning
B.you’re sure to find a partner with the same interests
C.you"ll find absolutely reliable information of others
D.you"ll gain fame and money overnight
小题4:What is probably talked about following the last paragraph?
A.Traditional dating.B.Hidden advantages.
C.Safety measures.D.Romantic love.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
D
Americans are pound of their variety- and individuality(多样性与个性), yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform(制服), whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?
Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian (百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity (身份) than to step out of uniform ?
Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible (可减税的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.
Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also dear to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.
小题1:It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality________.
A.still judge a man by his clothes
B.hold the uniform in such high regard
C.enjoy having a professional identity
D.will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform
小题2: People are used to thinking that a man in uniform________.
A.suggests quality work
B.discards his social identity
C.appears to be more practical
D.looks superior to a person in civilian clothes
小题3:The chief function of a uniform is to________.
A.provide practical benefits to the wearer
B.make the wearer catch the public eye
C.inspire the wearer’s confidence in himself
D.provide the wearer with a professional identity
小题4:According to the passage, people wearing uniforms________.
A.are usually helpful
B.have little or no individual freedom
C.tend to lose their individuality
D.enjoy greater popularity

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
If you watch British television on Friday March 15, you might be surprised to see celebrities wearing funny red noses and joking around. But don’t worry, they’re not mad, it’s all part of a biennial fund-raising event called Red Nose Day.
Organized by the charity Comic Relief, founded in 1985 by two British comedians, the aim of the event is to raise money to fight poverty and injustice in the UK and Africa.
Celebrities and public figures support the event by making appearances on comic TV shows broadcast by the BBC. This year, for example, UK Prime Minister David Cameron appeared in a music video by One Direction, which the band produced for the event.
But Britons don’t just raise money for charitable causes on one day a year, they do it all year round. One way of doing so is by shopping in charity shops.
These small, inconspicuous shops sell clothes, books and household goods just like any other shop. But there’s one big difference—it’s all secondhand.
There are nearly 10,000 charity shops in the UK, according to the Charity Retail Association. Their business model is simple: Anybody who has things they don’t want anymore can donate them to a charity shop, where they are checked for damage, cleaned and priced. Most items go back on sale at a small part of their original price and the money that is made by selling them is used for a charitable cause.
The idea of buying used clothes may sound off-putting, but for shoppers who have less spending money, such as the elderly or those in low-paying jobs, it has been a welcome option for years.
Now, “thrifting”—shopping at charity shops— is also becoming popular with young people looking for alternative fashion.
“I love shopping at thrift stores. You can find very unique clothes for a very cheap price. It doesn’t bother me that other people may have worn them, I simply wash them before I wear them,” said Anne Marie, a 19-year-old Internet user from the US, in a comment on a Yahoo forum.
So next time you spot a charity shop, why not go inside? Who knows, you might find a lovely dress for just a few pounds. Even better, you can enjoy wearing it in the knowledge that your money helped a good cause.
小题1:What do famous people in Britain do in support of the Red Nose Day event?
A.Appear on comic TV shows.
B.Donate large sums of money.
C.Donate expensive clothes to charity shops.
D.Play in a music video with the Prime Minister.
小题2:What do we learn from the passage about Comic Relief?
A.It was founded in 1985 by two British comedians in Africa.
B.It organizes the Red Nose Day fund-raising event.
C.It runs nearly 10,000 charity shops in the UK.
D.It is financially supported by the UK government.
小题3:One reason for the popularity of the thrift shops is that __________.
A.they sell a wide variety of goods
B.their business model is simple
C.their goods are carefully checked, cleaned and priced
D.they provide things, sometimes special, at low prices
小题4:The passage is written mainly to __________.
A.inspire more people to join in charitable causes in the UK
B.introduce the traditions of the Red Nose Day
C.analyze why charity shops are popular in the UK
D.explain how charity shops work in the UK

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