Drunken driving—sometimes called America’s socially accepted form of murder—has
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Drunken driving—sometimes called America’s socially accepted form of murder—has become a national epidemic（流行病）. Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers, adding up to an incredible 250,000 over the past ten years. A drunken driver is usually referred to as one with 0.10-blood alcohol content or roughly three beer glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American manly image and judges were lenient in most courts, but the drunken killing has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially concerning young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant（忍受）.
Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend（逆转潮流）in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18—20-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21.
Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop “responsible attitudes” about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink.
Though new laws have led to increased arrests and tests in many areas already, to a marked drop in accidents, some states are also punishing bars for serving customers too many drinks. A bar in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who was “obviously drunk” and later drove off the road, killing a nine-year-old boy.
As the accidents continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years national prohibition（禁令）of alcohol that began in 1919, which President Hoover called the “noble experiment”. They forgot that legal prohibition didn’t stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption（腐败）and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution.
小题1:What can be inferred from the fact of the traffic accidents in New Jersey?| A．Young drivers were usually bad. | | B．The legal drinking age should be raised. | | C．Some drivers didn’t surprise the legal drinking age. | | D．Drivers should not be allowed to drink. |
小题2:The underlined word “lenient” in the first paragraph means .| A．merciful | B．cruel | C．serious | D．determined |
小题3:As regards drunken driving, public opinion has changed because .| A．judges are no longer lenient | | B．new laws are introduced in some states | | C．drivers do not appreciate their manly image | | D．the problem has attracted public attention |
小题4:Which of the following statements best shows the writer’s opinion of drunken driving?| A．It is difficult to solve this problem. | | B．It may lead to organized crime. | | C．The new laws can stop heavy drinking | | D．There should be no bars to serve drinks. |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:A |
解析
文章讲述了在美国酒驾导致的事故以及死亡人数的增加引起了人们的广泛关注。
小题1:推理题。根据文章第2段降低年龄以后因为酒驾而死亡的人数变多，说明合法的饮酒年龄应该被提高。‘
小题2:猜测词义题。根据上文Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American manly image中的an acceptable part可知过去人们能接受这种行为，说明人们对此很仁慈。
小题3:推理题。根据文章最后一段As the accidents continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of…可知事故频发，引起了人们的关注了。
小题4:观点态度题。根据文章最后一句As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution.他认为没有一种容易的解决方法，故A正确。 |
举一反三
Last week, I bought an alarm system for about $ 450. It consisted of a control unit with three small units. I put the control unit in the sitting-room and fastened the other units by the front door, back door and living-room windows. The instructions told us to choose three numbers, so we chose 4, 9 and 1, the last three numbers of our telephone number.
Now I must explain how the alarm works:
l There is a power siren(警报器) in the control unit. It makes a very loud noise.
2 Each of the small units sends out beams or rays in different directions. If anything moves, it breaks a beam. This sends a signal to the control unit. The siren makes a noise which you can hear 50 meters away.
3. When we go to bed, I press the three buttons numbered 4, 9 and 1. Then we have 30 seconds to get out of the room before the alarm starts to work.
That night I slept soundly because I was sure that no burglar(夜贼) could get into our house. However, at about 2:10 a. m., I woke up and heard the siren. “There must be a burglar in the house,” Mary said. “What shall we do?”“I’ll go and see who’s there,” I said. “Stay here. Don’t make a noise.”I went downstairs quietly. When I reached the living-room, I switched on my torch and looked round the room. Then I turned the light on. I switched the siren off and searched the rooms downstairs. There was nothing wrong except that the back door was unlocked. I locked it, reset the alarm and went back to bed. About an hour later, the alarm started again. I jumped out of bed, fell over a chair in the dark and bumped into the bedroom door. Mary woke up and started hitting me with a torch. “Hey! Wait a minute!” I whispered. “It’s only me. I’m going downstairs to see what’s wrong.”I went down into the living-room and listened for a moment. The only sound I could hear was the siren. I turned on the light and then switched the siren off. As I did so, I glanced across at the curtains in front of the windows. I saw a house lizard (a kind of small animal) disappear behind the curtains.“Oh!” I said to myself. “That’s our burglar. ”When the lizard moved, it started the siren. I guessed that the alarm had been made in Europe, where there are no house lizards. Well. I won’t finish this story but if you want an alarm system free of charge, let me know. I’ll send you ours. We bought a dog this morning. It knows the difference between a lizard and a burglar.
小题1:The writer bought an alarm system to ________.| A．make sure that he got up early every day | | B．warn him when there were lizards in his house | | C．frighten burglars and tell him that somebody had got into the house | | D．make Mary feel safe to live in the large room |
小题2:The purpose of the three units was to________.| A．send a message to the control unit and start the siren | | B．sound their own sirens when the control unit told them so | | C．check that the control unit worked properly all the time | | D．give them enough light |
小题3:If the writer set the alarm and remained in the room for more than half a minute, _______.| A．nothing would happen | | B．the control unit would not work | | C．the siren would make a noise | | D．the dog would bark |
小题4:The purpose of the writer in writing the passage is to ________.| A．tell us that the alarm system doesn’t work | | B．tell us an interesting experience | | C．show us how the alarm system works | | D．make it clear that he wants to give away his alarm system |
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In my opinion, there is only one legitimate (合法的) handgun sport and that is aim practice. It is practiced at objects which are properly monitored and usually quite safe. Only certain handguns are true “sporting weapons”, seen as such by the sport’s lovers.
On the other hand, shooting at tin cans and other small objects in one’s backyard is not and should not be considered a serious sport. When uncontrolled, it can be a very dangerous practice.
Some opponents (反对者) of handgun control have stated that we are out to stop all hunting and that controlling the handgun would severely affect hunting. That is simply untrue. Handgun control would in no way limit the freedom of the true hunter. Few if any hunters consider the handgun an effective hunting weapon.
There are a few hunters who do hunt with handguns, but most states place restrictions (限制) on the type of guns that can be used in hunting, the reason is that killing of game should be done in as humane (人道的) a way as possible. Some small handguns are more likely to wound the animal rather than kill it at once. Only long guns, rifles and shotguns are effective arms of hunting.
People must understand that handguns and hunters are separate matters. Because most of the hunters use a rifle or shotgun, there is no reason why their search for game and sport should be affected by handgun control. Mixing the anti-hunting matter with the handgun matter confuses the killing of animals with killing of people.
小题1:In the writer’s opinion, people should use handguns only when .| A．hunters shoot at animals | | B．they aim at a criminal | | C．objects are under control | | D．objects are only small tin cans in the backyard |
小题2:According to the writer, hunting is not affected by handgun control because .| A．hunters can use knives rather than guns to hunt animals | | B．state government encourages hunters to use other guns | | C．nobody cares what weapons are used to kill animals | | D．most hunters use rifles rather than handguns |
小题3:This passage mainly talks about .| A．the relation between hunting and handgun control | | B．the importance of aim practice | | C．how handgun control affects hunting | | D．different types of guns used in hunting |
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At times we all get angry when we are driving. It might be because we are stuck in a traffic jam or stuck behind a very slow driver. It might be because we think another driver has done something very stupid and dangerous. Whatever the reason, it seems that getting angry in a car is something which happens more and more often and there is now a special term for it “road rage”. Some experts even think that road rage is a kind of mental illness! How can we recognize this “illness” of road rage?
There are two kinds of road rage: aggressive driving and aggressive reactions to the way other people are driving. Aggressive driving can take different forms:
●Driving much faster than the speed limit.
●Increasing your speed very quickly.
●Driving very close behind the car in front and sounding the horn or flashing the headlights.
●Changing lanes very suddenly and blocking another car.
●Moving into a parking space where another car is trying to park.
There are also different reactions to the way other people are driving. These include:
●Making rude signs at people.
●Shouting at people and threatening them.
●Deliberately driving into another person’s car.
●Hitting somebody.
●Using a weapon such as a baseball bat, or even a gun or a knife.
Road rage is certainly not a joke. There have been incidents of road rage which have led to serious injuries and even murder.
Experts think that one reason for road rage is that films show a lot of examples of fast and aggressive driving such as car chases where this kind of driving seems to be positive.
Experts also think that the punishments for dangerous driving are not serious enough.
Experience shows that driving problems can be controlled, but it takes a long time. In the UK in the last 30 years, the police have been quite successful in reducing the number of people who drink and drive. They are now working to stop people using mobile phones when they are driving. Let’s hope they can have the same success with the road rage.
小题1:Which of the following statements does NOT describe aggressive driving?| A．Driving much faster than the speed limit. | | B．Drinking and driving | | C．Moving into a parking space where another car is trying to park. | | D．Changing lanes very suddenly and blocking another car. |
小题2:Road rage happens possibly because______.| A．the drivers are drunk | | B．it won’t cause serious injuries or death | | C．we’re in a fast-changing society | | D．the punishments are not serious enough |
小题3:What’s the tone（语气）of the last paragraph?| A．Sad | B．Cold | C． Optimistic | D．Exciting |
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In the mid 1990’s, people started doing business on the Internet. At that time, there were two kinds of companies. First, there were traditional companies. They sold things in stores. Then there were Internet companies. They didn’t have a store, and they only sold things on the Net.
Traditional companies didn’t want to lose any business. Quickly they made their own websites and began selling things on the Net. These are the so-called “brick and click” companies. Many stores are made of brick. And you click on your mouse to buy things with your computer. That’s where the name “brick and click” comes from.
By the late 1990’s, e-business like amazon com , buy com. and etoys com. were in trouble. Their profits（利润） were not very high. Competition was great. Many of these businesses were losing lots of money. In 2000, many e-business went out of business.
Why are “brick and click” companies, like Barnes and Noble, Toys RVs and Walmart so successful? First, many customers know and trust their names. Their websites like walmart.com. are easy to remember. These companies also have lots of experience. They know how to run a successful business.
In the world of e-commerce, companies are fighting for every dollar and every customer. Will “brick and click” companies win the war? Only time will tell.
小题1:What did many traditional companies do in the mid 1990’s? .| A．They went out of business. | | B．They made their websites. | | C．They bought Internet companies. | | D．They sold their companies. |
小题2:What gave Internet companies lots of trouble in the late 1990’s?| A．Heavy competition | | B．They were short of money. | | C．They didn’t know what to do. | | D．people didn’t believe in them. |
小题3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?| A．All the “brick and click” companies run a successful business. | | B．“Brick and click” companies are certain to win the business competition. | | C．It is uncertain whether “brick and click” companies will win the competition. | | D．Both “brick and click” companies and Internet companies will be successful in the future. |
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We all remember seeing hitchhikers（搭便车的人）, standing by the side of the road, thumb sticking out, waiting for a lift. But it is getting rare nowadays. What killed hitchhiking? Safety is often mentioned as a reason. Movies about murderous hitchhikers and real-life crime have put many drivers off picking up hitchhikers. That no single women picked me up on my journey to Manchester no doubt reflects the safety fear: a large, strangely dressed man is seen as dangerous.
But the reason may be more complex: hitchhiking happens where people don’t have cars and transport services are poor. Plenty of people still hitchhike in Poland and Romania. Perhaps the rising level of car ownership in the UK means the few people lift hitchhiking are usually considered strange. Why can’t they afford cars? Why can’t they take the coach or the train?
Three-quarters of the UK population have access to a car; many of the remainder will be quite old. The potential hitchhiking population is therefore small. Yet my trip proves it’s still possible to hitchhike. The people who picked me up were very interesting-lawyer, retired surgeon, tank commander, carpenter, man who live in an isolated farmhouse and a couple living up in the mountains. My conclusion is that only really interesting people are mad enough to pick up fat blokes in red,
spotted scarves. Most just wanted to do someone a good turn; a few said they were so surprised to see a hitchhiker that they couldn’t help stopping.
The future of hitchhiking most likely lies with car-sharing organized over the Internet, via sites such as hitchhikers. org. But for now, you can still stick your thumb out(actually, I didn’t do much of that, preferring just to hold up my destination sign) and people-wonderful, caring, sharing, unafraid people-will stop.
In the UK, with its cheap coaches and reasonable rail service, I don’t think I’ll make a habit of it. But having enjoyed it so much, I’m ready now to do a big trip across Europe and beyond. In the 1970s a female friend of my wife’s hitchhiked to India. How wonderful it would be to have another go, though Afghanistan might be a challenge. I wish I’d got that tank commander’s mobile number.
小题1:The author tried to hitchhike but was rejected by single women drivers because_____________ .| A．they were not heading towards Manchester | | B．they thought most hitchhikers were dangerous | | C．hitchhiking had been forbidden and they didn’t want to break the law | | D．he was a strong man in strange clothes who seemed dangerous |
小题2:Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?| A．That some people refuse hitchhikers may reflect the safety fear. | | B．Car ownership levels are lower in Romania than in the UK. | | C．40% of UK people don’t have access to cars. | | D．Increased car ownership has reduced the need for hitchhiking. |
小题3:The “fat blokes in red, spotted scarves” in Paragraph 3 most likely means .| A．murderous hitchhikers | | B．friendly and talkative hitchhikers | | C．typical hitchhikers | | D．strange hitchhikers like the author |
小题4:According to the author, future hitchhikers are more likely to .| A．visit websites and find people to share cars with | | B．stand by roads with their thumbs sticking out | | C．stick out signs with their destinations written on | | D．wait for some kind people to pick them up |
小题5:From the last paragraph, we know that the author .| A．frequently hitchhikes in Britain | | B．plans to hitchhike across Europe | | C．thinks public transport is safer for travel | | D．is going to contact the tank commander |
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