You may open your electronic mail and find information about how to buy medicine

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You may open your electronic mail and find information about how to buy medicine, cheap airline tickets, books and, of course, computers and computer products．There may also be offers for investment deals, bank loans and special holidays．However, to many computer users, this use of electronic spare to sell products has become a major problem as it makes computer communication more difficult．
Many companies who want to send a great deal of advertising might use the services of a “spammer．” A spammer is a person or company that uses computers to send out millions of copies of the same sales information．Spammers find e-mail addresses from websites, news groups and “chat rooms” where people send messages to each other．Most spare is sent by companies who are trying to get you to buy their products．Some of these are honest companies that offer good products or services for a fair price．These companies can offer their products at a cheaper price than you might find in a store．However, much of the spam on the Internet is sent by criminals who are trying to sell products that do not exist or offer services they will not provide．They are only interested in stealing your money．When you answer their spam you find you are expected to send them money and receive a gift．One country in Africa has become famous for the number of criminals who try every known trick to separate people from their money．
小题1:What does the underlined word “spam” in the paragraph probably refer to ?

A．Unwanted electronic information that reaches computer users．

B．Computer virus that causes computer communication difficulties．

C．Advertisements sent out by companies who want to sell their products．

D．Companies that send out millions of copies of the same sales information．

小题2:．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

A．Companies who want to send a great deal of advertising are referred to as spammers．

B．Spammers are people who collect e-mail addresses from websites, newsgroups and “chat rooms”．

C．Either individuals or organizations can be regarded as spammers if they send out spam．

D．Spammers are people who receive spam on their computers．

小题3:Which is the possible suggestion from the writer concerning spam ?

A．Spain is very helpful in providing you with useful information about product sales．

B．Spam helps companies to sell more of their products so it should be valued by people．

C．Spam is sent out by those who want to separate you from your money．

D．Look out for any spam that reaches your computer

答案

小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:D

解析

小题1:词义猜测题．从上下文看，下文说很多公司使用spammer提供的服务在网上发布广告．使网上交流变得困难，可见其含义是向网络用户发送的用户不需要的商业广告信息．
小题2:从文中可知spammer是用电脑发布销售广告的人或公司，四个选项只有C项符合这一概念．，
小题3:第二段提到两类spammer，一类是提供产品销售的，另一类是骗子，如果让作者提建议，那一定是“小心为妙，多个心眼”，谨防上当

举一反三

What makes a person a scientist? Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others? The answer is “no”. It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter. You will probably agree, too, that knowing how to investigate(调查),how to discover information, is important to everyone. The scientist, however, goes one step further, he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer can be confirmed by other persons. He also works to fit the answers he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works.

The scientist’s knowledge must be exact. There is no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different, any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason that investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein, who developed the theory of relativity, arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy of his mathematics was later tested through investigations. Einstein’s ideas were shown to be correct. A scientist uses many tools for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.
小题1:What makes a scientist according to the passage?

A．The tools he uses.	B．His ways of learning.
C．The way he uses his tools.	D．The various tools he use

小题2:“The scientist, however, goes one step further,” the author says this to show 。

A．the importance of information

B．the importance of thinking

C．the difference between scientists and ordinary people

D．the difference between carpenters and people with other jobs.

小题3:A sound scientific theory should be one that .

A．does not only work under one set of conditions at one time, but also works under the same conditions at other times

B．leaves no room for improvement

C．does not allow any change even under different conditions

D．can be used for many purposes

小题4:What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Scientists are different from ordinary people.

B．The theory of relativity.

C．Exactness is the core（核心）of science.

D．Exactness and way of using tools are the keys to the making of a scientist.

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What on Earth about Chinese Football?
Do you like playing football? Do you know what on earth about Chinese football? Are you in
__1__ of watching Chinese football? If you are,you will know that China"s football world is a mess (混乱) recently. It looks as if only an earthquake 2   the system and a reform has to   3 . Last week, the fa"st steps towards change might have been 4   when the Chinese Football Association(CFA) agreed 5  out the reform of the Chinese Premier League (中超联赛). For example, no team will leave the league for its bad performance this year. The move came following pressure from both clubs and the fans.
The story starts when the Beijing Hyundai Football Club quit a match (罢赛) on October 2,2004 in protest against a penalty kick (违规点球). The club disagreed   6   their punishment made by the CFA, 7  included a fine and a points cut. It warned it might leave the league. Many fans and clubs supported Beijing Hyundai"s position. They said that the fault did not lie   8   the club but the troubled Chinese football world. Scold of match fixing and" black whistles" have been frequent since the late 1990s. In an important match 9 Yanbian Hyundai and Sichuan Quanxing in 1995, one side gave up defending to protest   10   unfair referees(判罚) and watched the other side score almost freely. Some teams lose   11  purpose because it 12 the same owner with its opposition. Most football fans are losing interest in such games because of their lack   13  professional spirit.
Most football clubs are   14   and some cannot pay their players. Smaller and smaller crowds means ticket sales, their other main income,   15  falling. All the facts show that Chinese football has come to its most critical point for years. "There is no choice   16 . The CFA will help those clubs which are losing money to 17  confidence l8   a profit ",said Yan Shiduo, the vice president of the CFA. Wang Wen, 19   of Beijing"s Football Fans Association said," The fans are 20   by Chinese football and we hope for effective reform of the league."
1.A.habit B.a habit C.the habit           D.habits
2.A.will shake up     B.shake up C.would shake up    D.should shake up
3.A.carry out   B. be carried out      C.make    D.be made
4.A.made          B.carried C.taken    D.brought
5.A.to carry      B.carrying         C.with carrying       D.on carrying
6.A.with   B.to C.on D./
7.A.it        B.which    C.that       D.this
8.A.in        B.on C.at D.with
9.A.between    B.among C.in D.on
10.A.at     B.for         C.against D.in
11. A.for B. on         C. in D. with
12.A. shares    B. spares      C. owns         D. wants
13. A. for B. of C. with            D. to
14. A. on debts         B. in red       C. in the debt          D. in the red
15. A. is    B. are       C. was             D. were
16. A. but reform     B. but reforming      C. but to reform       D.other than to reform
17.A.build         B.build up         C. set up             D. put up
18.A.to make   B. making             C. make         D.made
19.A.head         B.thehead        C. a head           D.heads
20.A.harmed   B.hurt       C.injured D.destroyed

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My newly-rented small apartment was far away from the centre of London and it was becoming essential for me to find a job, so finally I spent a whole morning getting to town and putting my name down to be considered by London Transport for a job on the underground. They were looking for guards, not drivers. This suited me. I couldn’t drive a car but thought that I could probably guard a train, and perhaps continue to write my poems between stations. The writers Keats and Chekhov had been doctors. T.S. Eliot had worked in a bank and Wallace Stevens for an insurance company.

I’d be a subway guard. I could see myself being cheerful, useful, a good man in a crisis. Obviously I’d be overqualified but I was willing to forget about that in return for a steady income and travel privileges — those being particularly welcome to someone living a long way from the city centre.
The next day I sat down, with almost a hundred other candidates, for the intelligence test. I must have done all right because after about half an hour’s wait I was sent into another room for a psychological test. This time there were only about f

ifty candidates. The interviewer sat at a desk. Candidates were signaled forward to occupy the seat opposite him when the previous occupant had been dismissed, after a greater or shorter time. Obviously the long interviews were the more successf

ul ones. Some of the interviews were as short as five minutes. Mine was the only one that lasted a minute and a half.
I can remember the questions now: “Why did you leave your last job?” “Why did you leave your job before that?” “And the one before that?” I can’t recall my answers, except that they were short at first and grew progressively shorter. His closing statement, I thought, revealed (揭示) a lack of sensitivity which helped to explain why as a psychologist, he had risen no higher than the underground railway. “You’ve failed the psychological test and we are unable to offer you a position.”
Failing to get that job was my low point. Or so I thought, believing that the work was easy. Actually, such jobs — being a postman is another one I still desire — demand exactly the sort of elementary yet responsible awareness that the habitual dreamer is least qualified to give. But I was still far short of full self-understanding. I was also short of cash.
小题1:The writer applied for the job chiefly because _________.

A．he wanted to work in the centre of London

B．he could no longer afford to live without one

C．he was not interested in any other available job

D．he had received some suitable training

小题2:The writer thought he was overqualified for the job because _________.

A．he often traveled underground	B．he had written many poems
C．he could deal with difficult situations	D．he had worked in a company

小题3:The length of his interview meant that _________.

A．he was not going to be offered the job

B．he had not done well in the intelligence test

C．he did not like the interviewer at all

D．he had little work experience to talk about

小题4:What does the writer realize now that he did not realize then?

A．How unpleasant ordinary jobs can be.	B．How difficult it is to be a poet.
C．How unsuitable he was for the job.	D．How badly he did in the interview.

小题5:What’s the writer’s opinion of the psychologist?

A．He was very aggressive.	B．He was unhappy with his job.
C．He was quite inefficient.	D．He was rather unsympathetic.

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Nowadays people are troubled by the violence that spreads throughout the media. Movies, television and video games are full of gunplay and bloodshed, and one might reasonably ask what’s wrong with a society that presents videos of violence as entertainment.
Viewing large amounts of violent television and video games may well contribute to violent behavior in certain individuals. The trouble comes when researchers downplay uncertainties in their studies or overstate the case for causality（因果关系）. Skeptics were dismayed several years ago when a group of societies including the American Medical Association tried to end the debate by issuing a joint statement: “At this time, well over 1,000 studies… point to a causal connection between media violence and aggressive behavior in some children.”
Freedom-of-speech advocates accused the societies of catering to politicians, and even disputed the number of studies (most were review articles and essays, they said). When Jonathan Freedman, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, reviewed the literature, he found only 200 or so studies of television-watching and aggression. And when he weeded out “the most doubtful measures of aggression”, only 28% supported a connection.
The critical point here is causality. The alarmists say they have proved that violent media cause aggression. But the assumptions behind their observations need to be examined. When labeling games as violent or non-violent, should a hero eating a ghost really be counted as a violent event? And when experimenters record the time it takes game players to read “aggressive” or “non-aggressive” words from a list, can we be sure what they are actually measuring? The intention of the new Harvard Center on Media and Child Health to collect and standardize studies of media violence in order to compare their methodologies, assumptions and conclusions is an important step in the right direction.
Another appropriate step would be to tone down the criticism until we know more. Several researchers write, speak and testify quite a lot on the threat posed by violence in the media. That is, of course, their privilege. But when doing so, they often come out with statements that the matter has now been settled, drawing criticism from colleagues. In response, the alarmists accuse critics and news reporters of being deceived by the entertainment industry. Such clashes help neither science nor society.
小题1:Why is there so much violence shown in movies, TV and video games?

A．Showing violence is thought to be entertaining.

B．Something has gone wrong with today’s society

C．Many people are fond of gunplay and bloodshed.

D．There is a lot of violence in the real world today.

小题2:What is the skeptics’ view of media violence?

A．Violence on television is fairly accurate reflection of real-world life.

B．Most studies exaggerate (夸大) the effect of media violence on the viewers.

C．A causal relationship exists between media and real-world violence.

D．The influence of media violence on children has been underestimated.

小题3:The author uses the term “alarmists” to refer to those who _________.

A．use standardized measurements in the studies of media violence

B．initiated the debate over the influence of violent media on reality

C．insist on a direct link between violent media and aggressive behavior

D．use appropriate methodology in examining aggressive behavior

小题4:The underlined phrase “weeded out” in Paragraph 3 most probably means _________.

A．got rid of things that are not good	B．removed unwanted parts from something
C．picked out things that are useful	D．took away unnecessary details of a report

小题5:What does the writer think of the debate concerning the relationship between the media and violence?

A．He more than agrees with the views held by the alarmists.

B．It should come to an end since the matter has now been settled.

C．The past studies in this field have proved to be misleading.

D．More studies should be conducted before conclusions are drawn.

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NEW YORK- One in five U.S. workers regularly attends after-work drinks with coworkers, where the most common mishaps range from badmouthing another worker to drinking too much, according to a study released on Tuesday.
Most workers attend so-called happy hours to bond with colleagues, although 15 percent go to hear the latest office gossip and 13 percent go because they feel necessary, said the survey conducted for CareerBuilder.com, an online job site. As to what happens when the after-work drinks flow, 16 percent reported bad-mouthing a colleague, 10 percent shared a secret about a colleague and 8 percent said they drank too much and acted unprofessionally. Five percent said they had shared a secret about the company, and 4 percent confessed to singing karaoke. While 21 percent of those who attended said happy hours were good for networking, 85 percent said attending had not helped them get closer to someone higher up or get a better position. An equal number of men and women said they attended happy hours with co-workers, with younger workers aged 25 to 34 most likely and workers over 55 least likely to attend. Overall, 21 percent of workers attend happy hours with co-workers and; of those nearly a quarter go at least once a month.
The survey was conducted online by Harris Interactive on behalf of CareerBuilder.com among 6,987 full-time employees between February 11 and March 13. Harris Interactive said the results had a sampling error of plus or minus 1.2 percentage points.
56. Harris Interactive made the survey to find out ________.
A. how U.S. workers spend their after-work time
B. what U.S. workers do at after-work drinks
C. the relationships between U.S. workers
D. who are most likely to attend after-work drinks
57. ________ of workers who attend after-work drinks speak ill of a colleague.
A. 4 percent                        B. 8 percent                        C. 16 percent                    D. 10 percent
58. According to the passage, most of those surveyed believed attending after-work drinks ________.
A. benefited them a lot                                                  B. could provide information
C. only made them relaxed                                           D. was of no help to them
59. We can learn from the text that _________.
A. workers over 55 don’t like to attend happy hours at all
B. about 75% of workers go more than once a month
C. 10.5% of male workers attend happy hours with co-workers
D. about 700 workers surveyed shared a secret about a co-worker
60. After the survey, it can be inferred that_________.
A. all the workers oppose after-work drinks
B. the workers may change their attitudes towards after-work drinks
C. all the workers support after-work drinks
D. all the workers are suggested going to attend after-work drinks

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