"Indeed," George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, "some kind of fly, or bu
题型：不详难度：来源：
"Indeed," George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, "some kind of fly, or bug, had begun to eat the leaves before I left home." But the father of America was not the father of bug. When Washington wrote that, Englishmen hade been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and Americans had already created lightning-bug(萤火虫). But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity. Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like.
Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bug-shaped car. The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, "to install (安装) an alarm". Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others" conversation. Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant "to cheat", and since the 1940s it has been annoying.
We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design. That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison. In 1878 he explained bugs as "little problems and difficulties" that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison "had been up the two previous nights discovering "a bug" in his invented record player."
小题1:We learn from Paragraph 1 that __________________.| A．Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bug | | B．George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bug | | C．the word bug was still popularly used in English in the nineteenth century | | D．both Englishman and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century |
小题2:What does the word "flaw" in the last paragraph probably mean?| A．Fault. | B．Finding. | C．Origin. | D．Explanation. |
小题3:The passage is mainly concerned with__________________.| A．the misunderstanding of the word bug | | B．the development of the word bug | | C．the public views of the word bug | | D．the special characteristics of the word bug |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:B |
解析
试题分析 本文是说明方，介绍的是bug 一词的演变过程。
小题1:D细节题。第一段第一句话中提到乔治华盛顿在1785年用到这个词汇，而第一段最后一句话，说，英国很快就不用这个词，美国却在19和20世纪继续使用。推断出18世纪英国还在用，故选 D 项是正确的。
小题2:A 细节题。最后一段In 1878 he explained bugs as "little problems and difficulties故这个单词用来说明电脑出现故障，故选 A项。
小题3:B 主旨大意。本文主要是讲bug 一词的演变过程，故选 B项。
考查 文化类阅读。 |
举一反三
Laziness is a state of inaction. It is something that you do, not something that you are. Being lazy means you have no to do anything. This is obvious but the mistake that many people make is themselves as someone who is lazy.
Lazy people are often seen as useless. , are they really being lazy or are they acting lazy? There is a huge difference between saying you are lazy sometimes and you are a lazy person. One is suggesting that your laziness is while the other suggests that it’s permanent. This is the myth of laziness. People who are lazy aren’t lazy; they are people who are temporarily acting that way.
So what causes a person to be inactive? The answer is a lack of goals. If you give someone a good enough to do something, he will do it. People who don’t seem to do anything just haven’t found a good enough reason to do something. Lazy students don’t study because they don’t see the in studying. For example, if you are too lazy to clean out the garage, would someone a gun to your head help you take action? The reason can be positive or negative it’s strong enough to induce(引起) action.
To motivate someone who is lazy, what you need to do is to help him find enough to work towards a certain goal.
| 小题1: | | A．motivation | B．question | C．promotion | D．courage |
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| 小题2: | | A．agreeing | B．denying | C．identifying | D．refusing |
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| 小题3: | | A．Otherwise | B．Besides | C．However | D．Therefore |
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| 小题4: | | A．correct | B．false | C．temporary | D．inspirational |
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| 小题5: | | A．simply | B．occasionally | C．often | D．hardly |
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| 小题6: | | A．excuse | B．gift | C．chance | D．purpose |
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| 小题7: | | A．point | B．success | C．situation | D．difficulty |
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| 小题8: | | A．dropping | B．pointing | C．shooting | D．hiding |
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| 小题9: | | A．as long as | B．as soon as | C．so that | D．in case |
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| 小题10: | | A．reasons | B．money | C．energy | D．Confidence |
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The world’s native languages are dying out at an unprecedented(空前的) rate, taking with them irreplaceable(不能替代的) knowledge about the natural world, according to a new study.
The study identified five global “hot spots” where languages are vanishing faster than anywhere else ---- eastern Siberia, northern Australia, central South America, the US state of Oklahoma and the US Pacific Northwest. “Languages are suffering a global extinction crisis that greatly goes beyond the pace of species extinction,” linguistics(语言学的) professor David Harrison noted, who said half of the world’s 7,000 languages were expected to disappear before the end of the century.
Native people had an intimate(详尽的) knowledge of their environment that was lost when their language disappeared, along with other certain things often unfamiliar to us, Harrison stressed. “Most of what we know about species and ecosystems is not written down anywhere, it’s only in people’s heads,” he said. “We are seeing in front of our eyes the loss of the human knowledge base.”
Harrison was one of a team of linguists who carried out the study. The researchers traveled to Australia this year to study native languages, some of the most endangered. According to Harrison, in Australia, they were heartened to see a woman in her 80s who was one of the only three remaining speakers of the Yawuru language passing on her knowledge to schoolchildren. He said such inter-generational exchanges were the only way native languages could survive. “The children had elected to take this course, no one forced them,” he said. “When we asked them why they were learning it, they said,‘This is a dying language, we need to learn it’.” Also, while there they found a man with knowledge of the Amurdag language, which had previously been thought extinct.
The researchers said all five of the hot spots identified were areas that had been successfully colonized and where a dominant language such as Spanish or English was threatening native tongues.
小题1:What does this text mainly talk about?| A．A study on native languages endangered. | | B．The knowledge of native languages. | | C．People’s efforts in saving native languages. | | D．Harrison and his study on languages. |
小题2:The underlined word“vanishing”in the second paragraph can be best replaced by .| A．developing | B．changing | C．increasing | D．Disappearing |
小题3:According to Harrison, language extinction .| A．causes the researchers lots of worries | | B．speeds up the pace of species extinction | | C．threatens the existing of Spanish and English | | D．brings about a loss of knowledge about the environment |
小题4:Which of the following can be described as good news?| A．Native languages became less endangered in Australia. | | B．A man was found with knowledge of the Amurdag language. | | C．Researchers were well received by native people in Australia. | | D．Many schoolchildren showed interest in the Yawuru language. |
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The western world has always been divided into two types of people—the cool and the uncool. It is a division that in school. The cool kids are good at .They are with the opposite sex .They are good-looking and people want to their style. They can do their homework but they don’t make a big effort. That would be cool.
The uncool kids are in the other corner of the playground. They are very bright ,but they don’t have great skills and they are at sports .When they are not programming computers or doing calculus（微积分）in their heads ,they are reading comic books and watching shows like the “X Files” .They are as the geeks.
Here’s the news. The geeks are .Make friends with them now or they will put virus in your computer and your maths homework to ruin. Geeks might not be popular at school, yet they do pass their examinations ,and they might not be too popular at university, but good degrees.
The most important of the 21st century ,computers and IT, has been at least partly created by geeks .Geek heroes like Bill Gates others to follow their example .Being a geek is a way of earning good money .And the creation of the Internet gave them a of their own to work and play in ,making them a global .Besides ,the effect of the geeks popular culture has started a new trend（趋势）.It is now cool to be .Geek culture is becoming an important part of general popular culture ,in which what you know is more important than you look like.
But there are also . Geeks were often bullied or laughed at in school. Now a geek may be your boss .Perhaps it is time for .
| 小题1: | | A．continues | B．makes | C．remains | D．starts |
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| 小题2: | | A．computers | B．studies | C．sports | D．maths |
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| 小题3: | | A．pleasant | B．popular | C．crazy | D．average |
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| 小题4: | | A．copy | B．advance | C．take | D．act |
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| 小题5: | | A．not | B．indeed | C．perhaps | D．actually |
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| 小题6: | | A．speaking | B．operating | C．social | D．experimental |
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| 小题7: | | A．speechless | B．sharp | C．active | D．hopeless |
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| 小题8: | | A．known | B．referred | C．thought | D．admired |
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| 小题9: | | A．taking on | B．taking up | C．taking over | D．taking in |
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| 小题10: | | A．put | B．cause | C．bring | D．serve |
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| 小题11: | | A．win | B．take | C．wish | D．finish |
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| 小题12: | | A．industry | B．discovery | C．progress | D．development |
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| 小题13: | | A．promise | B．discourage | C．demand | D．excite |
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| 小题14: | | A．chance | B．space | C．world | D．career |
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| 小题15: | | A．force | B．company | C．organization | D．department |
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| 小题17: | | A．rich | B．attractive | C．handsome | D．uncool |
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| 小题18: | | A．how | B．that | C．what | D．how much |
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| 小题19: | | A．opportunities | B．dangers | C．possibility | D．question |
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| 小题20: | | A．punishment | B．argument | C．competition | D．employment |
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To me，life without music would not be exciting.I realize that this is not true for everybody.Many people get along quite well without going to the concert，and listening to the record. But music plays an important part in everyone’s life，whether he realizes it or not.Try to imagine，for example，what films or TV plays would be like without music.Would the feelings，the moving plot，and the greatest interests，be so interesting or dramatic? I’m not sure about it.
Now we have been speaking of music in its more common meaning—the kind of music we hear in the concert hall.We discover them in our everyday life too—in the rhythm of the sea，the melody of a bird in the woods and so on.So music surely has meaning for everyone，in some way or other. And，of course，it has special meaning for those who have spent all their lives working on playing or writing music.
It is well said，“Through music a child enters a world of beauty，expresses himself from his heart，feels the joy of doing things alone，learns to take care of others，develops his mind and makes his body strong.”
小题1:From the text, we learn that many people .| A．don’t realize the importance of music | | B．get along quite well without music | | C．go to the concert instead of enjoying music | | D．think music would be less exciting than moving plot |
小题2:In the writer’s opinion，if there was no music in the films or TV plays，_______.| A．the cinema and theatre would be quiet | | B．we would lose some of the audience | | C．everything would be as exciting as before | | D．it would be hard to imagine the result |
小题3:The underlined word “melody” in the second paragraph means “______”.| A．flying | B．looking | C．singing | D．living |
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The world"s native languages are dying out at an unprecedented(空前的) rate, taking with them irreplaceable(不能替代的) knowledge about the natural world, according to a new study.
The study identified five global "hot spots" where languages are vanishing faster than anywhere else ---- eastern Siberia, northern Australia, central South America, the US state of Oklahoma and the US Pacific Northwest. "Languages are suffering a global extinction crisis that greatly goes beyond the pace of species extinction," linguistics(语言学的) professor David Harrison noted, who said half of the world"s 7,000 languages were expected to disappear before the end of the century.
Native people had an intimate(详尽的) knowledge of their environment that was lost when their language disappeared, along with other certain things often unfamiliar to us, Harrison stressed. "Most of what we know about species and ecosystems is not written down anywhere, it"s only in people"s heads," he said. "We are seeing in front of our eyes the loss of the human knowledge base."
Harrison was one of a team of linguists who carried out the study. The researchers traveled to Australia this year to study native languages, some of the most endangered. According to Harrison, in Australia, they were heartened to see a woman in her 80s who was one of the only three remaining speakers of the Yawuru language passing on her knowledge to schoolchildren. He said such inter-generational exchanges were the only way native languages could survive. "The children had elected to take this course, no one forced them," he said. "When we asked them why they were learning it, they said,‘This is a dying language, we need to learn it"." Also, while there they found a man with knowledge of the Amurdag language, which had previously been thought extinct.
The researchers said all five of the hot spots identified were areas that had been successfully colonized and where a dominant language such as Spanish or English was threatening native tongues.
小题1:What does this text mainly talk about?| A．A study on native languages endangered. | | B．The knowledge of native languages. | | C．People"s efforts in saving native languages | | D．Harrison and his study on languages. |
小题2:According to Harrison, language extinction .| A．causes the researchers lots of worries | | B．speeds up the pace of species extinction | | C．threatens the existing of Spanish and English | | D．brings about a loss of knowledge about the environment |
小题3:Which of the following can be described as good news?| A．Native languages became less endangered in Australia. | | B．A man was found with knowledge of the Amurdag language. | | C．Researchers were well received by native people in Australia. | | D．Many schoolchildren showed interest in the Yawuru language. |
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