PART FOUR: WRITINGSection A Directions: Read the following passage and complete
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PART FOUR: WRITING
Section A
Directions: Read the following passage and complete the abstract by using the information for the passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.
Unlike in our country, violence against women is very fierce in some western and African countries. The basic cause of it lies in discrimination, which refutes women equality with men in all spheres of life. Violence is both underlies in discrimination and serves to strengthen discrimination.
Violence against women is a display of historically unequal status of women compared to men, which have resulted into domination and discrimination against women by men and to the prevention of the full development of women. Violence against women is one of the important social mechanisms by which women are constrained into a subordinate position in comparison with men.
As violence against women is spread worldwide, many women are targets because of their ethnicity, class, sexual orientation or disability status.
Many women think that the psychological consequences of abuse are even more dangerous than its physical effects. The experience of abuse often shakes women"s self-esteem (自尊) and puts them at great risk of a number of mental health problems, such as:
Depression is becoming broadly recognized as a main health problem in the world. Women who are abused by their partners suffer more depression, anxiety, and phobias than women who have not been abused, according to studies in Australia, Nicaragua, Pakistan, and the US.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a strong anxiety disorder that can happen when people go through or witness a traumatic event in which they feel disappointed and helpless or fear death or injury. The symptoms of PTSD contain mentally reliving the traumatic event by means of flashbacks; avoiding anything that would remind one of the events; experiencing discomfort in sleeping and concentrating; and being easily alarmed or frightened.
The severe violence is also likely to lead to suicide. Some women kill themselves or try to do so. Researches from some countries, including Sweden, and the US, have displayed that domestic violence is closely connected with suicide. Battered women who have PTSD symptoms prove to be most likely to try suicide.
Abused women are more likely than other women to misuse alcohol and drugs.
When a person"s everyday life functioning or life alternatives continue to be influenced, a post-traumatic stress disorder may be the problem, requiring professional treatment.
71.__________
Ⅰ．72. __________
●Historically unequal status
73. __________ from men
Subordinate position
Ⅱ．74. __________
●Women’s self-esteem shake and 75. __________
76. __________
Post-traumatic stress disorder: 77. __________, helplessness, fear of 78. __________
79. __________
Alcohol and drug use
Ⅲ．80. __________
Professional treatment
答案
71. Violence against women 72. Causes/Reasons
73. Domination and discrimination 74. Consequences (of abuse)/The psychological consequences
75. mental health problems 76. Depression
77. disappointment 78. death or injury 79. Suicide
80. Solution/Way/Method/Means/Step/Measure/ Suggestion/Tip
解析
举一反三
I came to study in the US last fall. My life had been quite 1 since I arrived at
Andover. Although I had quite a few extracurricular (课外的) activities, I hadn’t taken any official leadership position.
This 2 changed when I received an e-mail from Ms Griffith, my cluster dean (主
任), 3 that a few female DC Rep was needed. DC Rep 4 Discipline Committee Representative. 5 boarding school students break serious rules, like using 6 , getting drunk or cheating in the studies. The punishments given to such students are 7 by a DC Rep, a house counselor, two student representatives, the cluster dean. I was really interested in becoming a DC Rep for my cluster, Pine Knoll, 8 so were five other students. We had to hold 9 and Ms Griffith asked us to write 10 to be sent to everyone in Pine Knoll.
I thought hard about what to write. I didn’t want to make any 11 because they are difficult to keep. I didn’t want to say I was experienced, because I was not. So I started my speech by explaining 12 I wanted to become a DC Rep. “ I want to serve Pine Knoll and also learn how American boarding schools carry out disciplines,” I wrote 13 .
I made three 14 that said “ Vote For Teresa” and put them on every exit (出口处) of my dorm so that people would 15 my name when they went to vote.
Although I tried hard, I didn’t win the election, I was 16 . But my positive nature didn’t allow me to 17 for very long. I actually 18 when my friends tried to comfort（安慰） me. “Teresa, I’m sorry that you didn’t win the election,” they would say.
“ No, don’t be sorry for me. I am very happy to have taken part in the election.” I said.
It is true: the 19 is much more important than the result. I am surprised and happy to discover my hidden 20 .
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阅读理解
A
When some plates of the earth move suddenly, an earthquake happens. Many earthquakes begin under the sea. In fact, earthquakes may happen anywhere on the earth. They often happen near mountains.
During an earthquake, the shakings make rocks rise suddenly and even crack（断裂）open. Houses fall, people are killed or hurt, and sometimes the whole villages or cities are destroyed.
Can we do something to keep ourselves safe from earthquakes? Scientists have studied earthquakes and made maps that show“earthquake belts（带）”. In these belts, it’s possible for earthquakes to happen. In these areas we can build strong houses to fight against earthquakes.
In the future, scientists will be able to predict exactly（精确预报）when and where an earthquake will happen. They can also tell people what to do and how to do it.
1. It is said a large number of earthquakes often happen .
A. next to mountains B. in the day time C. on land D. at night
2. In the future we’ll be no longer so afraid of an earthquake .
A. because of a map showing the“earthquake belts”
B. because we can guess the date and place of an earthquake
C. as scientists will know what to do and how to do it
D. both B and C
3. Which is the best title of the passage?
A. A Scientist and an Earthquake B. An Earthquake
C. How to Fight against Earthquake D. Earthquakes Today and Tomorrow
B
Faced with a tough job market, fresh graduates are dreaming of running their own businesses instead. But a recent survey has showed that such ambitions lack the required support and remain just that — dreams.
The Shanghai Municipal Employment Promotion Center poll of 1,276 graduates in several universities and colleges in the city, released last Friday, showed 59.78 percent of respondents considered the possibility of setting up a company or at least a small store. "But they just stop at the "thinking" stage," it stated.
Respondents put the top reasons for not going it alone down to a shortage of investment and a lack of business opportunity. They also listed lack of business experience and social networks, the need for advanced study and objections from family members as factors that stood in their way.
More than 90 percent of the interviewees said they would rather take up a job after graduating and then consider starting their own business two or three years down the road.
Guo Bing, a senior student in Shanghai International Studies University majoring in English, decided he wanted to be his own boss last year. But he is looking for a job first. "If I fail to find a satisfying job, I would like to establish a company in exhibition services," Guo said.
The Shanghai native has some relatives working in a local printing plant. With their help, Guo hopes to produce exhibition brochures at a relatively low price. He is also confident that his English language skills can help him do well in the industry.
"Social networking is an important factor leading to business success," Guo said.
Guo said that the shortage of graduate jobs is the main reason driving more university students to set up a business right after their graduation.
Jiang said the university sets up a business guide team made of government officials and professionals. They regularly give training courses to students who show an interest in having their own business. The parents of university graduates are more willing to help their children start up alone, the survey showed" Once you win the support of your family, you have won half the battle," Guo added.
61. Which of the following can be the best title?
A. A Tough Job Market B. Graduates Who Can Only Dream of Being Boss
C. The Ambitious Fresh Graduates D. The Story of Guo Bing
62. Which of the following does NOT stop fresh graduates realizing their dreams of being bosses?
A. The lack of business opportunity and investment.
B. The shortage of business experience.
C. Less skilled English language.
D. Their family members’ objections.
63. In the view of Guo Bing, what is the key factor that makes fresh graduates dream of being boss soon after graduation?
A. Their family don’t support them. B. Their social networking is not good.
C. There are not enough graduate jobs. D. They want to achieve greater success.
64. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Guo Bing?
A. He has started his own business with the help of his relatives.
B. English is his major in the university.
C. He is trying to find a job which can satisfies him.
D. He is a Shanghai native.
65. Who is this article mostly intended for?
A. The parents whose child graduates from university soon.
B. Those who will graduate from university.
C. Those who want to be bosses.
D. The officials who work in the government.
C
A villa (别墅) designed to resist earthquakes with “self-healing” cracks in its walls, thanks to nanotechnology (纳米技术) applications with self-healing polymers (聚合物), is to be built on a Greek mountainside. The villa’s walls will include special particles that turn into a liquid when squeezed (压榨) under pressure, flow into cracks, and then harden to form a solid material.
The NanoManufacturing Institute (NMI), based in Leeds University, will play a key role in an EU project to construct the home by December 2010. The project, called “Intelligent Safe and Secure Buildings” (ISSB) is funded under the EU’s Sixth Framework program. This potentially life-saving scheme is led by German building manufacturer Knauf. The villa will be built in Amphilochia, in western Greece, where Knauf currently runs a manufacturing plant. If the experiment is successful, more tremor-resistant（防震）homes could be built in earthquake zones across the globe. NMI chief executive Professor Terry Wilkins said, “What we’re trying to achieve here is very exciting. We’re looking to use polymers in much tougher situations than ever before on a larger scale.” Monitors contained in the villa’s walls will be able to collect vast amounts of data about the building over time. Wireless sensors will record any stresses and vibrations, as well as temperature, humidity and gas levels.
The walls are to be built from new load-bearing steel frames and high-strength gypsum（石膏）board. Prof Wilkins said, “If there are any problems, the intelligent sensor network will be able to alert residents immediately so they have time to escape.” If whole groups of houses are so constructed, we could use a larger network of sensors to get even more information. “If the house falls down, we have got hand-held devices that can be used over the rubble to pick out where the embedded（嵌入的）sensors are hidden to get some information about how the villa collapsed.” Also, we can get information about anyone who may be around, so it potentially becomes a tool for rescue.
66. The aim of the passage is to ________.
A. report a piece of interesting news B. promote tremor-resistant homes
C. inform us of the nanotechnology development D. tell us about a tremor-resistant home
67. The villa can resist earthquakes because _______.
A. it will be built on a special place
B. the cracks in its walls can be healed by the polymers
C. the special particles can make its walls stronger
D. the intelligent sensor network can tell people where there is a crack
68. If the tremor-resistant home falls down, _______.
A. rescue work can be done more quickly and accurately
B. the intelligent sensor network will stop working
C. no one can be hurt in the earthquake
D. a warning signal will be given to other residents
69. What Prof Wilkins said suggests that _______.
A. he is doubtful about the project
B. he thinks the tremor-resistant home is perfectly designed
C. he is confident in the tremor-resistant home
D. the tremor-resistant home still needs to be tested in a real situation
70. It can be inferred from the passage that tremor-resistant home _______.
A. is still being tried out B. is already under construction
C. has been in wide use D. will be put into wide use soon
（C）
Bali is a tiny island that is part of Indonesia(印度尼西亚) today. It is a pretty island that has many mountains and a pleasant climate. For a long time, Bali was cut off from much of the world.
The people of Bali were happy and had a peaceful life. They were not allowed to fight. At one time there had been terrible wars on Bali. Then the people decided it was wrong to fight or have wars. They made rules to keep apart those people who wanted to fight.
Bali was divided into seven small kingdoms. The land around each kingdom was kept empty, and no one lived there. Since the kingdoms did not share the same borders(边界), the people could not fight about them.
On Bali, even children were not allowed to fight. If two children started a fight over a toy, someone separated them. When two boys argued, they would agree not to speak to each other. Sometimes they did not talk together for months; this gave the boys a chance to forget their anger.
Families who were angry with each other also promised not to speak. Their promise was written down, and the whole village knew about it. If they broke their promise, they had to offer gifts to their gods.
49. Bali is an island belonging to ________.
A. Europe B. Africa C. Asia D. America
50. The people of Bali ______.
A. lived a happy and peaceful life
B. fought for a long time
C. is cut off from much of the world
D. quarreled about their borders
51. How did the people of Bali prevent fighting from breaking out?
A. They shared the same borders.
B. The island was divided into seven kingdoms.
C. They made strict rules to punish those who wanted to fight.
D. Land was kept empty around each kingdom and no one lived there.
52. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?
A. Bali is a beautiful island with many mountains and nice weather.
B. People had to offer gifts to the villagers if they broke their promise.
C. At one time there were terrible wars on the island.
D. You’ll hardly see children fighting on the island.
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