Canada"s wealth comes from the exploitation of its rich natural resources and from the work of its
citizens. Canadians are employed in a variety of jobs. All of these jobs can be grouped into one of three
categories: extractive industries, manufacturing industries and service industries.
Industries that take raw materials from the natural environment are called extractive or primary
industries. Canada has a wealth of natural resources. The extractive industries that have been developed
to exploit these natural resources make an important contribution to the wealth of our economy. Without
these extractive industries and the money they bring from other countries, Canada"s economy could not
exist in its present form. Yet only a small percentage of Canada"s labour force work in extractive
industries. Extractive industries rely on laboursaving machines instead of human labour.
Manufacturing industries process the products of extractive industries into finished products.
Manufacturing industries transform raw materials into many different forms to be used by consumers or
by other companies. This processing may be done in one or more stages. For example, iron ore is
transformed into steel in factories. This is called primary manufacturing. The steel is then sent to
companies for further processing into cars, mining equipment, machines, nails, and other products-such
as bicycle frames. This is called secondary manufacturing.
Manufacturing industries are located in many towns and cities across Canada. Companies try to build
their factories in densely populated areas because they want to near the people who buy their products.
If they locate near their customers, then they save money on shipping costs. Manufacturing industries
provide more jobs to Canadians than do extractive industries. Yet the number of people employed in
manufacturing is still small in comparison to the third category, services. As with extractive industries,
manufacturing process use many machines that require relatively few workers.
Service industries provide services needed by the extractive and manufacturing industries, and by
society in general. Without these services, society could not operate. The majority of Canadian workers
do not produce "goods" in their jobs. Instead, they provide "services" for others. The range of services
is very great and includes such things as retailing, office work, education, health care, communications,
government, transportation, and personal services.
Service industries in one form or another are spread over the entire country. In every community
there are stores, banks, schools, police forces, and dozens of other services. The majority of service
industries are found in town and cities because services are provided for people and there are many
more people in urban areas.
Canada"s economy depends upon the creation of jobs in all three types of industry.
| Introduction | All 1.________can be divided into three
categories: extractive industries, manufacturing
industries and service industries. | | Extractive industries | Extractive industries are also called primary industries,
which are 2.________with the exploitation of raw
materials from the natural environment. | | 3.________ | | | industries | Manufacturing industries 4.________raw materials
into products, which can be used by people or
companies. | Manufacturing industries can be
grouped into primary manufacturing
and 5.________ manufacturing. | | Primary manufacturing 6.________
steel from iron ore for further processing. | | Secondary manufacturing will then use
the steel to make products like cars,
bikes, etc. for people to use. | | | Service industries | Service industries provide services the other two industries
need. Without these services, our society cannot 7.________. | Service industries provide jobs for shop
assistants, office 8.________, teachers,
doctors, and many others. | | Service industries mainly provide services
for 9.________. | | | Closing | Our society is 10.________on all three types of industry. |
答案
1. jobs 2. associated/connected 3. Manufacturing 4. process/transform/turn 5. secondary
6. makes 7. operate/function 8. workers 9. people 10. based/dependent |
举一反三
| 阅读理解 | Most Americans get what money they have from their work；that is ,they earn an income from wages
or salaries.The richest Americans,however,get most of their money from what they own-their stocks,
bonds,real estate,and other forms of property,or wealth.Although there are few accurate statistics to go by,
wealth in American society appears to be concentrated in very few hands.More than 20 percent of
everything that can be privately owned is held by less than one percent of the adult population and more
than 75 percent of all wealth is owned by 20 percent of American adults.The plain fact is that most
Americans have no wealth at all aside from their homes,automobiles,and a small amount of savings.
Income in the United States is not as highly concentrated as wealth.In 1917 the richest 10 percent of
American families received 26 percent of all income,while the poorest 10 percent received 17 percent,
mainly from Social Security and other government payments.The most striking aspect of income
distribution is that it has not changed significantly since the end of World War ?.Although economic growth
has roughly doubled real disposable(可自由使用的)family income(the money left after taxes and adjusted
for inflation)over the last generation,the size of the shares given to the rich and the poor is about the same.
By any measure economic inequality is great in the United States.
The reality behind these statistics is that a large number of Americans are poor.In 1918,14 percent of
the population was living below the federal government"s poverty line,which at that time was an annual
income of $9,287 for a nonfarm family of two adults and two children.In other words,about one out of
seven Americans over 31 million people was officially considered unable to buy the basic necessities of
food,clothes,and shelter.The suggested poverty line in 1981 would have been an income of about $11,200
for a family of four.By this relative definition,about 20 percent of the population or more than 45 million
Americans are poor. | | 1．What does the majority of the Americans have in terms of wealth? | A. Their income and savings.
B. Everything they own in their homes.
C. Actually,they have no wealth at all.
D. Their house,cars and small amounts of savings | | 2．What is the percentage of wealth that is in the hands of most Americans? | A. More than 25%.
B. Less than 25%.
C. More than 75%.
D. Less than 20%. | | 3．Why is economic inequality still great in the US in spite of the economic growth? | A. Because the proportion of income received by the rich and the poor remains almost the same as in
1917.
B. Because the economic growth has widened the gap of the family income between the rich and the
poor.
C. Because income in the US is still concentrated in the hands of the richest 10% of American families.
D. Because some Americans made great fortunes during the Second World War. | | 4．What can we learn from comparison of the two poverty lines in the last paragraph? | A. The poverty line of 1918 is more favorable to the poor than that of 1981.
B. The 1981 line didn"t leave much to the poor.
C. There were more Americans who were officially poor by the 1981 line.
D. There were more Americans who were officially poor by the 1918 line | | 阅读理解。 | 根据短文内容,从下框的A～F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一
项为多余选项 A. The factors of the emigration stated by Chinese emigrants.
B. What the report indicates.
C. The contributions of Chinese emigrations.
D. Chinese government should take measures to balance the wave of emigration,
E. The advantages of human migration.
F. Chinese emigration does more harm than good to the nation. | | 阅读理解 | BELIEVE it or not, the color of the tie Barack Obama wore to the inauguration(就职典礼)is now a
hotly debated topic.The level of public interest in Obama"s tie might seem strange but many people believe his choice will symbolize the type of government he plans to run, as the color of a politician"s tie is thought to convey ideas of power, trustworthiness and more.
Polities of ties
It may be the least practical item of male dress, but it is arguably the most expressive.In the UK and
many other coun－tries around the world, conservative (保守的) politicians may wear a blue tie and their liberal opponents a red one.In America, the colors go the other way round.The Republicans have in
recent years become associated with the color red, and the Democrats with blue.But in spite of this,
Bush wears blue ties more often than any other color.
What they mean
According to Sharon Haver, editor of focusonstyle.com, in America the feelings associated with
colors overrule their political significance."A guy who wants to be regarded as strong and in charge would wear red, "Haver says.Unsurprisingly, the business tycoon Donald Trump is known for wearing red ties.But what about blue?According to Haver, "Blue is a softer color...Look at the sky.It"s peaceful and
calm and trustworthy."
Selecting the right tie for the right occasion
●Perfect job interview tie
Perhaps no other tie－wearing occasion is as important as the job interview.Gilchrist, the fashion
expert, advises playing it safe and choosing a conservative one.Best choices are solids, stripes or small
patterns.An excellent color is burgundy(深红色) or another serious color.Avoid pink or yellow, which
suggests that the wearer lacks gravity.
Pattern ties, Gilchrist suggests, should be limited to a maximum of three colors.A striped tie is a safe choice as this is acceptable to everyone.Last, Gilchrist recommends saving the expensive"hip"tie for those applying for glamorous creative jobs.
●Date－night tie
When picking out the right tie for taking a girl out on a date, spend more time considering color than
pattern.According to studies, women are attracted to men wearing the color blue, because blue gives
the image of a"stable, faithful, constant, always there"person.So what is the worst color to wear on a
date?"Flattened caterpillar(毛虫)yellow－green, "according to Gilchrist, "it will repel both sexes
equally." | | 1. Why are people interested in the tie that Obama wore to the inauguration? | A. Because they think the tie he wore will enable them to know about his personalities and policies.
B. Because they want to advise him how to select an appropriate tie for such a big occasion.
C. Because they think the tie will tell if he is trustworthy as they expected when he assumes office.
D. Because they believe the tie is an essential part of dressing to a mature politician like Obama. | | 2. What can we infer about Bush, the former president, from the passage? | A. He was probably liberal in his policies when he was in power.
B. He was a Republican when he served as president.
C. He wore only blue ties and had no ties of alternative colors.
D. He wanted to make himself unique by the tie that he wore. | | 3. The example of"the business tycoon Donald Trump" is given to __________. | A. prove that color reflects people"s feelings to a certain degree
B. show that Donald is so wealthy that he can afford expensive ties
C. tell that Donald is physically strong and can handle everything
D. explain that red is a popular color, especially with businessmen | | 4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text? | A. Ties can be ignored by politicians since they are the least practical item of male dress.
B. Do choose ties carefully before dating, because it is the most important occasion.
C. Why to avoid pink or yellow ties in job interviews is that they don"t match the atmosphere.
D. The more colorful the tie is, the more likely you"ll get the job you want. | | 阅读理解 | The World Trade Organization came into existence in the 1990s.It operates a system of trade rules.It
serves as a place for nations to settle disagreements and negotiate agreements to reduce trade barriers.The
newest of its 150 members,Vietnam,joined in January.
But the roots of the WTO date back to World War Two and the years that followed. In 1944, the
International Monetary (货币的) Conference agreed to create the International Monetary Fund and the
World Bank.But they could not agree on an organization to deal with international trade.
Three years later,in 1947,twentythree nations approved the General Agreement on Tariffs (关税) and
Trade,or GATT.It_was_meant_to_be_temporary.Trade negotiations under GATT were carried out in a
series of talks called rounds.The first round lowered import taxes on onefifth of world trade.Later rounds
produced additional cuts,and negotiators added more issues.
The sixth round began in 1963.It was called the Kennedy Round after the murder of President John
F．Kennedy.The results included an agreement against trade dumping.This is when one country sells a
product in another country at an unfairly low price.
The eighth round of talks began in Punta del Este,Uruguay,in 1986.The Uruguay Round lasted almost
twice as long as planned.In all,123 nations took part in sevenandahalf years of work.They set time limits
for future negotiations.They also agreed to create a permanent system to settle trade disagreements.
In April of 1994,most of those 123 nations signed an agreement.It replaced GATT with the World
Trade Organization.
The WTO launched a new round on development issues in Doha,Qatar,in November of 2001.These
talks were supposed to end by January of 2005. But negotiators could not agree on issues involving
agricultural protections.The current round has been suspended since last July. | | 1．The WTO got this name in the year________. | A．1947
B．1963
C．1986
D．1994 | | 2．Which of the following statements about GATT is NOT true? | A．It was set up after World War ?.
B．It was first approved by less than 30 countries.
C．It was a branch of the World Bank.
D．It was meant to improve international trade. | | 3．What does the underlined sentence in the third paragraph mean? | A．The founders wanted GATT to bring in money.
B．The founders didn"t expect GATT to last long.
C．GATT was ready to change its name at the very beginning.
D．GATT was open for more member countries. | | 4．What is one of the results of the Uruguay Round? | A．A permanent system was agreed on.
B．It lasted almost eight years.
C．More countries took part in it.
D．More disagreements than expected were settled. | | 5．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? | A．Why the WTO was Called GATT?
B．WTO Talk Rounds Last Longer
C．A Brief Introduction to the WTO
D．GATT or WTO?A Real Question | | 阅读理解。 | It"s very interesting to note where the debate about diversity is taking place. It is taking
place primari1y in political circles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with
top corporate (公司的) leaders; none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments
that produce diversity. In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete in the g1oba1
village and in the global market place, diversity is an imperative. They also say that the need
for talented, skilled Americans means we have to expand the pool of potential employees.
And in looking at where birth rates are growing and at where the population is shifting,
corporate America understands that expanding the pool means promoting policies that help
provide skills to more minorities, more women and more immigrants. Corporate leaders
know that if that doesn"t occur in our society, they will not have the engineers, the scientists,
the lawyers, or the business managers they will need.
Likewise, I don"t hear people in the academy saying, "Let"s go backward. Let"s go back
to the good old days, when we had a meritocracy (不拘一格降人才)" (which was never
true-we never had a meritocracy, although we"ve come closer to it in the last 30 years, ) I
recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority
population in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been a professor
there for a long time, and she remembers that when she first joined the community, there
were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. Now, all of us feel the university is better
because of the diversity. So where we hear this debate is primarily in political circles and in
the media-not in corporate board rooms or on college campuses. | | 1. The underlined word "imperative" in Para. l most probably refers to something . | A. superficial
B. remarkable
C. debatable
D. essential | | 2. Which of the following groups of people still differ in their views on diversity? | A. Minorities
B. Politicians
C. Professors
D. Managers | | 3. High corporate leaders seem to be in favor of promoting diversity so as to . | A. lower the rate of unemployment
B. win equal political rights for minorities
C. be competitive in the world market
D. satisfy the demands of a growing popu1ation | | 4. It can be inferred from the passage that __________. | A. meritocracy can never be realized without diversity
B. American political circles will not accept diversity
C. it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U. S. media
D. minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity | | 5. According to the passage diversity can be achieved in American society by . | A. expanding the pool of potential employees
B. promoting policies that provide skills to employees
C. training more engineers, scien tists lawyers and business managers
D. providing education for all regardless of race or sex | 最新试题
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