The Neutrality of American in the Early World War II The establishment of the Th
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The Neutrality of American in the Early World War II
The establishment of the Third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of events which culminated in war between Germany and the United States. The compete destruction of democracy, the persecution of Jews, the war on religion, the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis, and especially the plans of Germany and her allies, Italy and Japan, for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war. While speaking out against Hitler’s atrocities, the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality. The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937 the President was empowered to declare an arms embargo in wars between nations at his discretion.
American opinion began to change somewhat after President Roosevelt’s “quarantine the aggressor” speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitler’s policies. Germany’s seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the American people. The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March, 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich. In August, 1939 came the shock of the Nazi-soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland and the outbreak of European war. The United States attempted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed against the Third Reich. The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted “cash and carry” exports of arms to belligerent nations. A strong national defense program was begun. A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military services. A Lend Act (1941) authorized the President to sell, exchange, or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States. Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisphere. In August, 1940 President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter which proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war. In December, 1941, Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor. Immediately thereafter, Germany declared war on the United States.
小题1:One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was
A the burning of the Reichstag. B German plans for conquest.
C Nazi barbarism. D the persecution of religious groups.
小题2:The Lend-Lease Act was designed to
A help the British.
B strengthen the national defense of the United States.
C promote the Atlantic Charter.
D avenge Pearl Harbor.
小题3:American Policy during the years 1935-1936 may be described as being
A watchful. B isolationist. C peaceful. D indifferent.
小题4:The Neutrality Act of 1939
A permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nations.
B antagonized Japan.
C permitted the British to trade only with the Allies.
D led to Lend-Lease Act.
小题5:We entered the war against Germany
A because Germany declared war.
B because Japan was an ally of Germany.
C after Germany had signed the Nazi-soviet Pact.
D after peaceful efforts had failed. |
答案
小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:B
小题4:A
小题5:A |
解析
文章讲述了第三帝国成立，美国由中立到宣战的一段历史。采用按年代先后进行叙述的写作手法。文章一开始就点明主题：“第三帝国的成立影响了美国历史，从一系列事情开始，最终导致德国和美国交战。”
小题1:帝国大厦焚毁，众所周知，这是纳粹希特勒精心策划的一次政治阴谋，旨在迫害德国共产党。
B. 德国征服计划。C. 纳粹之残暴。D. 迫害宗教团体。在文中都提到。见第一段第二句“民主的全面摧毁、对犹太人的迫害、摧残宗教、纳粹的残忍和野蛮，特别是德国及其盟国意、日、征服世界的计划激起美国极大愤怒，也带来了对又一次世界大战的恐惧。”
小题2:加强美国国防。见第二段导数第五句“1941年的租借法规定：总统对他认为保卫美国所需要的国家有权卖给、交换或借给他们物资。”
A. 帮助英国，不对。C. 促进大西洋公约。大西洋公约是1941年8月，罗斯福和邱吉尔会面后的联合公告。D. 报复珍珠港。是1941年日本发起袭击的报复。
小题3:与世隔绝。这在第一段第三句“美国人民虽然反对希特勒的凶残等事，他们一般还是喜欢孤立（与世隔绝的）政策和保持中立。1933年和1936年的中立条约规定：禁止和交战国双方贸易和借贷。”
A. 观察的。C. 和平的。D. 不正确的。
小题4:允许把武器卖给交战国。答案在第二段第六句“1939年的中立条约取消了武器禁运，允许进行现钞交易出口武器给交战国。”
B. 和日本敌对。C. 允许英国只能和其盟国贸易。D. 导致租借条约。
小题5:因为德国宣战。这在第一段已有说明。尽管希特勒坏事做尽，美国还是倾向于中立政策。第二段罗斯福在芝加哥的演讲，态度稍有改变。严厉批评希特勒的政策，但仍然以中立为主。1941年日本袭击珍珠港，不久德国宣战，美国才不得不参战。 |
举一反三
Hunting
The days of the hunter are almost over in India. This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill, and partly because some steps have been taken, mainly by banning tiger-shooting, to protect those animals which still survive.
Some people say that Man is naturally a hunter. I disagree with this view. Surely out earliest forefathers, who at first possessed no weapons, spent their time digging for roots, and were no doubt themselves often hunted by meat-eating animals.
I believe the main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals. Of course, there are some who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing, and that the chief pleasure lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauties of the wild countryside. There are also those for whom hunting in fact offers a chance to prove themselves and risk death by design; these men go out after dangerous animals like tigers, even if they say they only do it to rid the countryside of a threat. I can respect reasons like these, but they are clearly different from the need to strengthen your high opinion of yourself.
The greatest big-game hunters expressed in their writings something of these finer motives(动机).One of them wrote.
“You must properly respect what you are after and shoot it cleanly and on the animal’s own territory(领地)。You must fix forever in your mind all the wonders of that particular day. This is better than letting him grow a few years older to be attacked and wounded by his own son and eventually eaten, half alive, by other animals, Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killing – not if you respect the thing you kill, not if you kill to enrich your memories, not if you kill to feed your people.”
I can understand such beliefs, and can compare these hunters with those who hunted lions with spears(矛) and bravely caught them by the tail. But this is very different from many tiger—shoots I have seen, in which modern weapons were used.The so—called hunters fired from tall trees or from the backs of trained elephants. Such methods made tigers seem no more dangerous than rabbits.
小题1: There is no more hunting in India now partly because___.| A．it is dangerous to hunt there | | B．hunting is already out of date | | C．hunters want to protect animals | | D．there are few animals left to hunt |
小题2:The author thinks modern hunters kill mainly____.| A．to make the countryside safe | | B．to earn people’s admiration | | C．to gain power and influence | | D．to improve their health |
小题3: What do we learn about the big-game hunters?| A．They hunt old animals | | B．They mistreat animals | | C．They hunt for food | | D．They hunt for money |
小题4: What is the author’s view on the tiger-shoots he has seen?| A．Modern hunters lack the courage to hunt face-to-face | | B．Modern hunters should use more advanced weapons | | C．Modern hunters like to hunt rabbits instead of tigers | | D．Modern hunters should put their safety first |
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The run-up to the launch of China"s first lunar orbiter at the end of this month has caught the country"s imagination, with more than two thirds of the nation hoping to see the launch live on TV, according to a survey.
According to the survey by China Youth Daily and www.qq.com, almost the entire nation hopes to catch images of the event at some point, with 99 percent of the 10358 respondents saying they expected to witness the satellite launch and 68.9 percent said they were certain to watch the live broadcast of the launch. On www.qq.com and www.sina.com, two popular web portals in the country, internet users have contributed some 2,000 poems and 5000 drawings on the theme of Chang"e I.
"The satellite launch means much more than just saying "hello" to the moon. Maybe in the future we could also send some people to accompany sister "Chang"e"," said a college student in the survey.
Remarkably, many people expect to visit the moon one day, with 93.4 percent of respondents saying they expected to do so.
Chang"e I is named after Chang"e, a famous character from Chinese mythology. She ascended from earth to live on the moon as a celestial being after drinking an elixir.
There is also another connection between the moon and China. In the 1970s, a crater on the moon was named after a Chinese stargazer, Wan Hu, who is said to be the first astronaut in human history.
Legend says about 600 years ago, around the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Wan Hu, a local government official, tried to fly into space with the help of a chair, two big kites and 47 self-made gunpowder-filled rockets. According to the legend after the rockets were lit there was a huge bang and lots of smoke. When the smoke cleared Wan was nowhere to be found.
China"s first astronaut flew into space in 2003 with the launch of the Chinese-made spaceship Shenzhou V. China became the third country, after the Soviet Union and the United States, to carry out manned space missions.
小题1:Which is true according to the passage?| A．According to a survey, two thirds of the nation are hoping to see the launch live on TV, | | B．The internet users have drawn some 5000 pictures of ‘Chang’e’. | | C．Wan Hu, a Chinese stargazer(n. 看星星的人,占星师,天文学家) , was dead after the huge bang and a lot of smoke. | | D．China’s first astronaut flew into space in 2003 in the spaceship Shenzhou VI. |
小题2:What’s the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph 5?| A．a kind of medicine for long life. | B．a kind of medicine to make you light enough to fly in the air. | | C．a kind of wine | D．a kind of alcohol. |
小题3:Why was Wan Hu said to be the first astronaut in human history?| A．Because a crater on the moon was named after his name. | | B．Because he was the first to go to the moon in his own “spaceship”. | | C．Because of his courage for scientific experiment to the moon. | | D．Because he made the first rocket in human history. |
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Death Valley is one of the most famous deserts in the United States, covering a wide area with its alkali sand. Almost 20 percent of this area is well below sea level, and Badwater, a salt water pool, is about 280 feet below sea level and the lowest point in the United States.
Long ago, the Panamint Indians called this place “Tomesha”— the land of fire. Death Valley’s present name dates back to 1849, when a group of miners coming across from Nevada became lost in its unpleasantness and hugeness and their adventure turned out to be a sad story. Today Death Valley has been declared a National Monument(纪念碑) and is crossed by several well-marked roads where good services can be found easily. Luckily the change created by human settlement has hardly ruined the special beauty of this place.
Here nature created a lot of surprising, almost like the sights on the moon, ever-changing as the frequent wind moves the sand about, showing the most unusual colors. One of the most astonishing and variable parts of Death Valley is the Devil’ s Golf Course, where it seems hard for one to tell reality from terrible dreams. Sand sculptures(沙雕) stand on a frightening ground, as evening shadows move and lengthen.
小题1:_______ is the lowest place in the desert. | A．Tomesha | B．Death Valley | | C．Nevada | D．Badwater |
小题2:The name of the valley comes from _______. | A．an Indian name | B．the death of the miners | | C．the local people | D．a National Movement |
小题3:From the passage we can learn that _______. | A．no one had ever known the desert before the miners | | B．it’s still not easy to travel across the desert | | C．people can find gas-stations, cafes and hotels in the desert | | D．people have changed the natural sight of the desert |
小题4:Devil Golf Course is famous for _______. | A．the frequent wind | B．the colors of the sand | | C．dream-like sights | D．the sand sculptures |
小题5:From the passage we can see that the writer _______ the Death Valley. | A．appreciates | B．is fearful of | | C．dislikes | D．is tired of |
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The Erie Canal was the first important national waterway built in the US. It crossed New York from Buffalo on Lake Erie Troy to Albany on the Hudson River. It joined the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. The canal served as a route over which industrial goods could flow into the west, and materials could pour into the east. The Erie Canal helped New York develop into the nation’s largest city.
The building of the canal was paid for entirely by the state of New York. It cost $ 7 143 789, but it soon gained its price many times over. Between 1825, when the canal was opened, and 1882, when toll charges(过运河费) were stopped, the state collected $121 461 891.
For a hundred years before the Erie was built, people had been talking about a canal which could join the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean. The man who planned the Erie Canal and carried the plan through was De Witt Clinton. Those who were against the canal laughingly called it “Clinton’s Ditch(沟)”. Clinton talked and wrote about the canal and drew up plans for it. He and Governor Morris went to Washington in 1812 to ask for help for the canal, but they were unsuccessful.
Clinton became governor of New York in 1817, and shortly afterwards, on July 4, 1817, broke ground for the canal in Rome, N.Y. The first part of the canal was completed in 1820. As the canal grew, towns along its course developed fast. The length of the canal is 363 miles.
小题1:We can see that the Erie Canal ________. | A．joined the Great Lakes together | | B．crossed New York from north to south | | C．played an important part in developing New York City | | D．was the first waterway built in the US |
小题2:It can be inferred that ________ into the Atlantic Ocean.| A．the Great Lakes flow | B．the Hudson River flows | | C．Lake Erie flows | D．the Erie Canal flows |
小题3:Which of the following is true according to the passage?| A．The Erie Canal brought profits of over $114, 000, 000. | | B．It’s 363 miles from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. | | C．The West was more advanced than the East when the canal was built. | | D．Many other states helped New York built the canal. |
小题4:Which of the following is true according to the passage?| A．Clinton broke ground for the canal at both ends. | | B．Clinton started building the canal before he became governor. | | C．All parts of the canal were completed at the same time. | | D．Construction of the canal took eight years. |
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The flag, the most common symbol(象征) of a nation in the modern world, is also one of the most ancient. With a clear symbolic meaning, the flag in the traditional form is still used today to mark buildings, ships and other vehicles related to a country.
The national flag as we know it today is in no way a primitive(原始的)artifact. It is, rather, the product of thousands of years" development. Historians believe that it had two major ancestors, of which the earlier served to show wind direction.
Early human beings used very fragile houses and boats. Often strong winds would tear roofs from houses or cause high waves that endangered travelers .People"s food supplies were similarly vulnerable. Even after they had learned how to plant grains, they still needed help from nature to ensure good harvests. Therefore they feared and depended on the power of the wind, which could bring warmth from one direction and cold from another.
Using a simple piece of cloth tied to the top of a post to tell the direction of the wind was more dependable than earlier methods, such as watching the rising of smoke from a fire. The connection of the flag with heavenly power was therefore reasonable. Early human societies began to fix long pieces of cloth to the tops of totems(图腾) before carrying them into battle. They believed that the power of the wind would be added to the good wishes of the gods and ancestors represented by the totems themselves.
These flags developed very slowly into modern flags. The first known flag of a nation or a ruler was unmarked: The king of China around 1000 B.C. was known to have a white flag carried ahead of him. This practice might have been learned from Egyptians even further in the past, but it was from China that it spread over trade routes through India, then across Arab lands, and finally to Europe ,where it met up with the other ancestor of the national flag.
小题1:The best title for the passage would be______. | A．Power of the National Flag | B．Uses of Flag | | C．Types of Flags | D．Development of the National Flag |
小题2:The underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 means_____| A．impossible to make sure of | B．difficult to find | | C．likely to be protected | D．easy to damage |
小题3: The earliest flags were connected with heavenly power because______| A．they were believed to stand for natural forces | | B．they could bring good luck to fighters | | C．they were handed down by the ancestors | | D．they could tell wind direction |
小题4:What does the author know of the first national flag?| A．He thinks it came from | B．He believes it was made in Egypt | | C．He doubts where it started. | D．He knows when it was sent to Europe |
小题5: What was the author most probably talk about next?| A．The role of China in the spread of the national flag. | | B．The second ancestor of the national flag. | | C．The use of modern flags in Europe | | D．The importance of modern flags |
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