阅读理解。 By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the Ameri
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阅读理解。 |
By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns(酒馆), and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half of the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor (前身) of the modern fridge, had been invented. Making an efficient icebox as not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary (未发展的). The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping up the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation (绝缘) and circulation needed for an efficient icebox. But as early as 1803, and ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price(高价) for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool |
1. Where was ice used after the Civil War? |
A. In refrigerating freight cars and households. B. In hotels, taverns and hospitals C. In families of New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. D. In fresh meat, fish and butter by city dealers. |
2. What was essential to to make an icebox efficient according to the passage? |
A. Keeping the ice from melting B. Knowledge of the physics of heat. C. Balance of insulation and circulation D. Making efforts to reduce the use of ice |
3. The second paragraph is mainly about_____ |
A. the deveopment of icebox B. the theoretical foundation of icebox C. the wrong ideas about icebox D. the way of using icebox |
4. What can we infer from the text? |
A. Thomas Moore is the inventor of modern fridge B. The butter produced by Thomas Moored is better in quality than other famers" C. Knowledge of the physics of heat plays an important part in inventing a good icebox D. Before 1880, most of the sold ice was used for family use. |
5. Without an ice box, farmers had to go to the market at night ________. |
A. to sell their produce at high price B. to go home earlier C. to keep their produce fresh D. to win more customers than their competitors |
答案
1-5: ACBCC |
举一反三
The first Olympic Games were held at Olympia, ancient Greece as early as 776 B.C.. The Olympic Games were held once every four years to honor the Greek god Zeus. Sportsmen from many nations took part in the games. The Greek Olympics did not have as many sports programmes as the modern Olympic Games. There were only a short race—a race of about three miles and some other matches such as jumping, boxing, etc. During the games all wars stopped. Soldiers were allowed to pass safely through enemy lines on their way to the games. The last Greek Olympics were held in 388 A.D.. Then the Roman rulers ordered the games be stopped. A Fren chman wished to renew the ideas of excellence of body, mind and spirit (精神) shown in the ancient Greek Olympics. He believed that the Olympic Games would bring about healthy competition among nations, so he decided to start the Olympic Games all over again. He succeeded. In 1896, the modern Olympic Games were held in Athens, Greece. Since then the Olympics have been growing steadily (稳健地) with more and more nations and athletes taking part. They have much more programmes than the Greek Olympics. Athletes of many nations compete in various kinds of sports. The Olympics have been held once every four years. They are held in a different city of the world. But they were not held in 1916, 1940, 1944 because of the w orld wars. The Olympic flame burns throughout the Games. It is the flame of peace. |
1. According to the passage, the ancient Greek Olympic Games lasted for ______. |
A. less than 1,000 years B. more than 1,000 years C. about 600 years D. about 380 years |
2. The ancient Greek Olympic Games were held once every four years for the purpose of ______. |
A. training sportsmen B. choosing the best athletes C. honoring their god D. winning peace between countries |
3. Modern Olympic Games are different from ancient Olympic Games in many ways except that modern Olympic Games ______. |
A. have more strict rules B. are held in different places C. are held e very four years D. have more sports programmes |
阅读理解 |
There are many American expressions about insects-like bees, for example. Bees always appear to be busy, moving around their homes, or hives. In fact, you might say your house was a beehive of activity if your whole family was helping you clean. You also might say you made a beeline for something if you went there right away. Here is an expression about bees that is not used much any more, but we like it anyway. We think it was first used in the nineteen twenties. If something was the best of its kind, you might say it was the bee"s knees. Now, we admit that we do not know how this expression developed. In fact, we do not even know if bees have knees! If your friend cannot stop talking about something because she thinks it is important, you might say she has a bee in her bonnet. If someone asks you a personal question, you might say "that is none of your beeswax". This means none of your business. Speaking of personal questions, there is an expression people sometimes use when their children ask, "where do babies come from?" Parents who discuss sex and reproduction say this is talking about the birds and the bees. Hornets are beelike insects that sometimes attack people. If you are really angry, you might say you are mad as a hornet. Butterflies are beautiful insects, but you would not want to have butterflies in your stomach. That means to be nervous about having to do something, like speaking in front of a crowd. You would also not want to have ants in your pants. That is, to be restless and unable to sit still. |
1. When Tom spends his weekend cleaning his house, we can say he is as busy as ________. |
A. an insect B. a hornet C. a butterfly D. a bee |
2. Which of the following expressions can NOT be often heard in daily life? |
A. Make a beeline. B. That is none of your beeswax. C. It"s the bee"s knees. D. My house is a beehive of activity. |
3. When you say to Mary "you have a bee in your bonnet", what do you really mean? |
A. She should stop talking about something. B. You care about her very much. C. She is in danger and needs help. D. What she talks about is really important. |
4. Which of the following would be discussed next? |
A. Some expressions about pigs. B. Some expressions about noses. C. Some expressions about bugs. D. Some expressions about colours. |
阅读理解。 |
There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do. In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with others. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world. What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality (普遍性) of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的) people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles. Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3,000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness (独创性). Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials. |
1. The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that ____. |
A. their social roles are rigidly determined B. they like challenging activities C. most boys would like to follow their fathers" professions D. boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers |
2. One aspect of "the universality of toys" lies in the fact that ________. |
A. the basic characteristics of toys are the same all over the world B. technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toys C. the exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toys D. the improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universities |
3. Which of the following is the author"s view on the historical development of toys? |
A. Toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a child"s character. B. The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years. C. The craftsmanship in toymaking has remained essentially unchanged. D. Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries. |
4. Regarded as a kind of art form, toys ________. |
A. reflect the pace of social progress B. are not characterized by technological progress C. follow a direct line of ascent D. also appeal greatly to adults |
5. The author uses the example of a rattle to show that ________. |
A. it often takes a long time to introduce new technology into toymaking B. even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technology C. even a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the time D. in toymaking there is a continuity in the use of |
阅读理解 |
Kataria is the founder of the worldwide laughter movement. The celebration of World Laughter Day is a positive activity for world peace and is intended to build up a global sense of brotherhood and friendship through laughter. The first "World Laughter Day" gathering took place in Mumbai, India, on 11th January, 1998. 12,000 members from India and international Laughter Clubs attended it. Now there are over 5,000 Laughter Clubs worldwide on all 5 continents. "HAPPYDEMIC" was the first World Laughter Day gathering outside India. It took place on 9th January, two years after the Mumbai gathering. In Copenhagen, Denmark, more than 10,000 people gathered at Town Hall Square. The event went into Guinness Book of World Records."World Laughter Day" is now organized on the first Sunday of May every year. Hundreds of people gather worldwide on that day to laugh together. Today, many people fear widespread international terrorism. The world has never faced so much unrest before. People are at war within themselves. Laughter is a universal language, which has the ability to unite humanity without religion. Laughter can build a common connection between various religions and create a new world order. The idea may sound overambitious(野心太大的), and maybe it is. But maybe it is not. It is our deep belief that laughter and only laughter can unite the world, building up a global sense of brotherhood and friendship. Studies also say that laughter helps your body do the following: lower blood pressure; lighten depression; reduce stress; work out the heart, especially for those who are unable to perform physical exercise. So in life, when you can laugh, you should laugh loudly and with your entire body-because it"s good for you. |
1. The purpose of celebrating World Laughter Day is ________. |
A. to build up a global sense of brotherhood and friendship through laughter B. to build a common connection between various religions C. to reduce stress and lighten depression D. to lower blood pressure |
2. The first World Laughter Day gathering outside India took place________. |
A. on 11th January, 1998 B. on the first Sunday of May C. on 9th January, 1996 D. on 9th January, 2000 |
3. The author"s attitude towards laughter movement is ________. |
A. positive B. negative C. uninterested D. objective |
4. The passage is mainly about ________. |
A. World Laughter Day and its significance B. the worldwide laughter movement C. a universal language D. laughter |
阅读理解 |
The wellknown Rushmore National Monument in the United States is built on the Rush Moore Peak, 1829 meters above sea level, of the Black Hills in the south-west of South Dakota.It is a group of huge stone statues of four American presidents, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt.President Washington is the founding father of the country; the 3rd President Jefferson drafted the US Declaration of Independence; the 16th President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation and the 26th President Roosevelt protected the average people"s right to compete fairly with trusts.All 1829 meters above sea level, made outstanding achievements for their country.They were pioneers of US history. The stone statues of presidents were built at the suggestion of a historian in the State of Dakota, with a view to carrying forward the US pioneering spirit everlastingly. The statues are 18 meters high.They are the highest and greatest realistic stone statues in the world, taller than a 6storied building and larger than the Great Sphinx of Egypt.The size of each head is 20sq mt, with a 20meterlong face, a 7meterlong nose, a 2.6meterwide mouth and two 1.5meterwide eyes. Though not facing the same direction, they are all lifelike and look ahead gravely in harmony with fixed gazes.On clear days, one can have a sight of the four presidents with their firm and steady expression at a distance of dozens of kilometers. Since the stone sculpture is unique in style, the Monument is now the US National Art Centre of Popular Education.Groups of people keep streaming everyday to the site for a visit and tourists across the world are also interested in taking a view of this great Monument. |
1. Which statement is false according to the first paragraph? |
A. The famous Rushmore National Monument is 1829 meters above sea level. B. All the four presidents made great contributions to London. C. the group of statues are made of huge stones. D. The statues are built to honor the presidents in the US |
2. Why were those four presidents chosen?Because the four presidents________. |
A. made great contributions to their country B. were pioneers of US history C. played an important role in the different periods of the American history D. all of the above |
3. What are the statues like? |
A. They look like a 6storied building. B. They are like the great Sphinx of Egypt. C. They are like true men standing there. D. They are lifelike, looking ahead with fixed gazes. |
4. For what groups of people across the world come to visit the Monument?They come________. |
A. to learn the US pioneering spirit B. to look back upon the history of the US. C. to learn the art of sculpture D. to enjoy the view of the Monument |
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