Can you believe everything that you read? It seems as if every day, some new art
题型：不详难度：来源：
Can you believe everything that you read? It seems as if every day, some new articles come out about a new discovery about this or that. For example, water is bad for you, or good for you. The answer depends on which scientific study has just come out. People cannot decide which food items are healthy, how pyramids were constructed, and why dinosaurs disappeared. When we look for answers we sometimes can believe persuasive researches and scientists. But how trustworthy are they really? Here are two examples of scientific hoaxes (骗局).
As far back as 1726, Johann Beringer was fooled by his fellow scientists into thinking he had made an amazing discovery. The fossils of spiders, lizards, and even birds with the name of God written on them in Hebrew were unlike anything that had been found before. He wrote several papers on them and was famous for those only to have it revealed that they were planted by jealous colleagues to ruin his reputation.
When an early human being was discovered in 1912, scientists at this time were wild with excitement over the meaning it had for the theory of evolution. There were hundreds of papers about this Piltdown man over the next fifty years until it was finally discovered to be a complex hoax. The skull (头骨) of a man had been mixed with the jawbone of an orangutan (猩猩) to make the ape (猿) man.
The next time you read the exciting new findings of a study of the best scientist, do not automatically assume that it is true. Even qualified people can get it wrong. While we certainly should not ignore scientific research, we do need to take it with a grain of salt. Just because it is accepted as the truth today does not mean it will still be trustworthy tomorrow.
小题1:What does Paragraph 1 want to say?| A．Researchers and scientists are not perfect. | | B．Something that we read may not be true. | | C．Researchers and scientists know everything. | | D．People don’t know whether water is good or bad. |
小题2:What is the reason why Johann Beringer was fooled?| A．His fellow scientists wanted to make fun of him. | | B．His workmates are eager to become famous too. | | C．These scientists made a mistake because of carelessness. | | D．His colleagues envied him and did so to destroy his fame. |
小题3:The excited scientists thought that this Piltdown man ______.| A．was in fact a complex hoax | | B．was a great scientific invention | | C．contributed to the theory of evolution | | D．had the skull like that of an ape |
小题4:What does the underlined phrase “with a grain of salt” in Paragraph 4 mean?| A．Happily. | B．Generally. | C．Doubtfully. | D．Completely. |
小题5:What can we learn from the passage?| A．Hebrew is probably a kind of language. | | B．Truths of science will never be out of time. | | C．People believe scientists because they are persuasive. | | D．We are advised to believe famous scientists. |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:C
小题5:A |
解析
试题分析: 每天报纸上都会出现一些关于科学新发现的文章，那么这些文章的可信度究竟是多少呢？在文中作者通过几个例子向读者说明：新发现有时候只是一种骗局，或者是一种假象，所以我们对待任何事情都要持有一种怀疑的态度。
小题1:B推理判断题。文章开头提出问题Can you believe everything that you read?然后列举生活中的例子，最后揭示中心话题But how trustworthy are they really? Here are two examples of scientific hoaxes (骗局).由此推断对于我们每天所读到的东西不可能都是对的。故选B。
小题2:D细节理解题。根据文章第二段的末句……only to have it revealed that they were planted by jealous colleagues to ruin his reputation.可以判断他被嫉妒他的同事们愚弄了。故选D。
小题3:C细节理解题。从文章第三段scientists at this time were wild with excitement over the meaning it had for the theory of evolution.可知当时的科学家认为the Piltdown man 的发现对人类的进化理论有着很大的贡献，选C。
小题4:C词义猜测题。从前句的让步状语从句While we certainly should not ignore scientific research,可以判断后面句子和前面内容构成转折关系，应该是建议人们不要过分看重科学发现，由此推断该短语指对某件事情或某人说的话有所保留，将信将疑，持怀疑态度，答案选C。
小题5:A推理判断题。根据文章第二段The fossils of spiders, lizards, and even birds with the name of God written on them in Hebrew可知在这些蜘蛛，鸟的化石上写着God字样，由此推断Hebrew是一种语言，选A。 |
举一反三
I am a person who doesn’t like waiting. I don’t like to wait in line, being put on hold when making a phone call, or arriving at an apartment to find that my companion will be . And of course, I don’t like waiting rooms.
, I realize that my agony(痛苦) will not be good for me, as an crowded world can only mean one thing – more waiting.
this, I have taken an action and decide to turn my frustration to productive ends. In short, I am looking for what I call “waiting-in-line” .
These are volumes that contain materials for being read in shortened words, so there is no extended story line to lose track of. Another is that they be enough to slip neatly into my back pocket.
The other day I went to the supermarket. that the rain would keep most people away, I was to see that the place was filled with . Every checkout was open – and jammed! But I can my pocket book and go to work.
The more the world demands that I , the more I learn from my waiting library. Look at the followings: One Hundred Things Every American Should Know; The Poetry of Robert Frost; Living Thoughts of Leading Thinkers; Still More Toasts. I have learned interesting and enriching things and much from these books.
On a recent visit to the general store, I placed my order at the along with six or seven people. The old female employee seemed to have her hands full as she rushed . “Young man, just be ,” she said to me.
No problem. I quietly opened my dictionary prose(散文) and poetical quotations. Perhaps the other customers me as a bookish, lonely soul. But did they realize that I was enjoying the of Shakespeare, Thoreau, Homer and Ben Johnson.
| 小题1: | | A．dismissed | B．delayed | C．disappeared | D．delighted |
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| 小题2: | | A．Furthermore | B．However | C．Despite | D．Besides |
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| 小题3: | | A．actually | B．importantly | C．increasingly | D．accurately |
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| 小题4: | | A．Instead of | B．Apart from | C．Rather than | D．Owing to |
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| 小题5: | | A．rooms | B．goods | C．reasons | D．books |
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| 小题6: | | A．searched | B．afforded | C．designed | D．charged |
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| 小题7: | | A．convenience | B．requirement | C．agreement | D．distinction |
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| 小题8: | | A．small | B．pretty | C．active | D．vivid |
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| 小题9: | | A．Believed | B．Determined | C．Puzzled | D．Convinced |
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| 小题10: | | A．surprised | B．worried | C．excited | D．satisfied |
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| 小题11: | | A．shoppers | B．readers | C．employees | D．volunteers |
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| 小题12: | | A．put out | B．set down | C．send for | D．take out |
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| 小题13: | | A．suffer | B．wait | C．watch | D．read |
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| 小题14: | | A．advantage | B．benefit | C．knowledge | D．patient |
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| 小题15: | | A．counter | B．pocket | C．market | D．service |
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| 小题16: | | A．about | B．away | C．over | D．across |
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| 小题17: | | A．polite | B．patient | C．careful | D．helpful |
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| 小题18: | | A．thought | B．looked | C．regarded | D．treated |
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| 小题19: | | A．certainly | B．obviously | C．secretly | D．hardly |
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| 小题20: | | A．relation | B．moment | C．company | D．novel |
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A tent can be one of the more costly items on your camping equipment shopping list. It is definitely something that you need to consider carefully.
By seeing a tent for real you will be able to get a better impression of its size and construction in the traditional shop. However，the downside is that，unless you are experienced，you may miss out some of the details that the manufacturer’s promotional material makes clear. Cheap tents often look similar to the quality models they are mimicking(模仿)，but you can be sure that they use inferior(次的) materials and probably have lower design standards.
Shop staff are often campers themselves. That means they usually can give lots of advice. If a shop assistant agrees with your own conclusions，that will be great；if they try to change your decision with a clear and reasonable argument，then that will be worth considering；if they just try to bamboozle(欺骗)，or even bully，you then walk away.
The Internet is a wonderful tool，and so long as you know how to make the most of search engines and put in a little effort，you really have the perfect answer waiting to be found. That answer will be different for every camper as each of us has different needs. Don’t be surprised to see your favorite criticized somewhere，but if you see too much criticism，then you had better start thinking again. No problem. You won’t have spent anything yet，so think of it positively as a large expense saved.
Probably the best approach，if you have the time，is to research tents online and make a short list. Then try to inspect those tents at nearby shops. Then you can make a final decision on where to buy your chosen model based purely on total cost.
小题1:The underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 2 means “________”．| A．disadvantage | B．instruction | C．argument | D．principle |
小题2:It can be concluded from the third paragraph that________.| A．shop assistants usually enjoy going camping | | B．shop assistants usually have practical advice | | C．you should consider your idea repeatedly | | D．it is impolite for you to trouble shop assistants |
小题3:You can make use of the Internet to________.| A．meet your different needs | | B．find the answer for every camper | | C．help you out of trouble | | D．find your favorite tent |
小题4:Which of the following would be the main idea of this passage?| A．It is good to buy your tent in the traditional shop. | | B．You’d better buy a tent with the help of the Internet. | | C．Better buy a tent combining seeing tents for real in shops and researching them online. | | D．Going camping is really beneficial to your health. |
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A person has to be sixteen to drive, seventeen to see certain movies, and eighteen to vote. People can get terrific discounts on all sorts of stuff－provided they’re over sixty-five. Everywhere we look there are age limits that define what people can and can’t do. But creativity has no boundaries, no limitations. Anyone can invent. And they do. Inventors are popping up at the youngest ages.
Sitting in the car waiting for her mom to return from shopping, Becky decided she might as well try to finish her math homework. But it was growing dark and getting hard to see the paper.
“I didn’t have a flashlight, and I didn’t want to open the car door because then the whole car would light up.” recalled Becky. “So I thought it would be neat to have my paper light up somehow, and that’s when the idea came to me.”
It isn’t every day that a ten-year-old invents a product eagerly sought by several businesses, but that’s exactly what Becky Schroeder did when she created a tool that enabled people to write in the dark. Her invention? The Glo-sheet.
That night Becky went home, trying to imagine different ways of making her paper glow in the dark. She remembered all sorts of glow-in-the-dark toys－like balls and Frisbees－and wondered how they were made. She was determined to find a solution. So they very next day, Beck’s dad took her on an outing to the hardware store. They returned with a pail (桶) of phosphorescent paint. She took the paint and stacks of paper into the darkest room in the house－the bathroom. There, she experimented.
“I’d turn on the light, turn it off, turn it on,” said Becky. “My parents remember me running out the room saying ‘It works, it works! I’m writing in the dark!’ ”
She used an acrylic board and coated it with a specific amount of phosphorescent paint. She took a complicated idea and made it work rather simply. When the coated clipboard is exposed to light, it glows. The glowing board then illuminates or lights up the paper that has been placed on top. Two years after her initial inspiration, in 1974, Becky became the youngest female ever to receive a U.S. patent.
She didn’t actively market her Glo-sheet. She didn’t need to. The New York Times wrote an article about an incredible invention－patented by a twelve-year-old, and the inquiries and orders streamed in.
小题1:From Paragraph 1 , we can draw a conclusion that _________.| A．it is illegal for one to drive under sixteen | | B．people enjoy privileges when over sixty-five | | C．one is never too old or too young to invent | | D．people hate the limitations that define our behavior |
小题2:What caused Becky to invent Glo-sheet?| A．She was trying to do homework when it got dark. | | B．She was having trouble with math problems. | | C．She was trying to earn some money. | | D．She was working on a school project. |
小题3:What is the meaning of the underlined words “phosphorescent paint” in paragraph 5?| A．paint that acts as a glue | | B．paint that covers a mark | | C．paint that becomes hard | | D．paint that glows in the dark |
小题4:What does it mean that Beck “didn’t actively market her Glo-sheet” according to paragraph 8?| A．She kept the original one for her own use. | | B．Other people came to her for the Glo-sheet. | | C．Becky’s father tried to sell the Glo-sheet. | | D．She gave away patent to the government. |
小题5:With which statement would Becky most likely agree?| A．Experience is needed to be a good inventor. | | B．Only by inventing things can you know what people need. | | C．Always try to sell patent rights to large companies. | | D．You never know what you can do unless you try. |
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Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow-blindness. Yet, dark glasses or not , they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snow-blindness, when exposed to several hours of “snow light”. The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snow-blindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man"s eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren (少植被的) snow-covered terrain (地形). So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature eases this irritation by producing more fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs (模糊), then is obscured (遮蔽), and the result is total, even though temporary, snow-blindness.
Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow-blind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome.
小题1:To prevent headaches, watering eyes and blindness caused by the glare from snow, dark
glasses are _________.| A．indispensable and essential | B．useful | C．ineffective | D．available |
小题2:When the eyes are sore tears are produced to _________.| A．balance the pain | B．treat snow-blindness | | C．clear the vision | D．loosen the muscles |
小题3:Snow-blindness may be avoided by _________.| A．concentrating on the solid white terrain | | B．searching for something to look at in snow-covered terrain | | C．providing the eyes with something to focus on | | D．covering the eyeballs with more fluid |
小题4:The scouts shake snow from evergreen bushes in order to _________.| A．prevent the men behind losing their way | | B．beautify the landscape of the terrain | | C．warm themselves in the severe cold | | D．give the men behind something to see |
小题5:A suitable title for this passage would be _________.| A．nature"s cure for snow-blindness | | B．snow-blindness and how to overcome it | | C．soldiers marching in the snow | | D．snow vision and its effect on eyesight |
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For my daughter"s 19th birthday, we bought her tickets to go and see Linkin Park, as they were playing in our city. We didn"t really have the ____ but we knew how much this band meant to her.
The night before she was like a ____ at Christmas. Every so often she got up and came to ____ with us, because she couldn"t ___. On the night of the ____ it was good to see her so ____ and excited, as she and her boyfriend set off.
Needless to say when they ____ after midnight, with Tshirts and lots of pictures of the band, ____ her telling about how fantastic they had been, we knew the money had been well ____. This will be a memory she would ____ forget, and nor would we.
____ full of excitement from the night before, the following day they ___ to go shopping on the other side of the city. My husband and I ____， loving the fact that she had not ____ that quality as she grew up.
Later that day they returned, with faces full of happiness and warmth. They presented my husband and me with a ____ each. On each present were the words “Because you are the ____ mum/dad in the world”. When we said our thankyous and told her she didn"t have to, we asked her ____ she had bought us gifts. Her ____ was simply “Just because I love you”．
This wasn"t something ____ from our daughter; she had always given us a gift when she wanted to express her ____， and each gift was always a welcome surprise. It could have been anything, it wouldn"t have mattered, and it was the act itself and the feelings behind it.
| 小题1: | | A．money | B．time | C．interest | D．news |
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| 小题2: | | A．worker | B．baby | C．kid | D．parent |
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| 小题3: | | A．dance | B．learn | C．walk | D．sit |
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| 小题4: | | A．speak | B．sleep | C．stand | D．leave |
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| 小题5: | | A．concert | B．holiday | C．party | D．travel |
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| 小题6: | | A．healthy | B．happy | C．pretty | D．surprised |
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| 小题7: | | A．stayed | B．left | C．returned | D．turned |
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| 小题8: | | A．worrying about | B．caring for | C．looking at | D．listening to |
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| 小题9: | | A．lent | B．earned | C．saved | D．spent |
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| 小题10: | | A．ever | B．never | C．often | D．neither |
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| 小题11: | | A．Still | B．Only | C．Just | D．Also |
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| 小题12: | | A．continued | B．tried | C．decided | D．struggled |
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| 小题13: | | A．refused | B．cried | C．shouted | D．laughed |
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| 小题14: | | A．kept | B．lost | C．realized | D．discovered |
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| 小题15: | | A．gift | B．prize | C．ticket | D．picture |
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| 小题16: | | A．richest | B．oldest | C．best | D．cleverest |
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| 小题18: | | A．way | B．answer | C．suggestion | D．idea |
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| 小题19: | | A．important | B．ordinary | C．new | D．valuable |
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| 小题20: | | A．feelings | B．concerns | C．understandings | D．opinions |
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