Your peers are people your age or close to it who have experiences and interests
题型：不详难度：来源：
Your peers are people your age or close to it who have experiences and interests similar to yours. You and your friends make dozens of decisions every day, and you influence each other’s choices and behavior. This is often ________ --- it’s human nature to listen to and learn from other people in your age group.
Sometimes, though, the stresses in your life can actually come from your peers. They may pressure you into doing something you’re uncomfortable with, such as shoplifting, doing drugs or drinking, or taking dangerous risks when driving a car.
The pressure to conform（随潮流） can be powerful and hard to resist. A person might feel pressure to do something just because others are doing it. Peer pressure can influence a person to do something that is relatively harmless--- or something that has more serious consequences.
People may feel pressure to conform, so they fit in or are accepted, or so they don’t feel awkward or uncomfortable. When people are unsure of what to do in a social situation, they naturally look to others for cues（暗示）about what is and isn’t acceptable.
The people who are most easily influenced will follow someone else’s lead first. Then others may go along, too --- so it can be easy to think, “It must be OK. Everyone else is doing it. They must know what they’re doing.” Before you know it, many people are going along with the crowd --- perhaps on something they might not otherwise do.
Responding to peer pressure is part of human nature --- but some people are more likely to give in, and others are better able to resist and stand their ground.
It’s not always easy to resist negative peer pressure. But when you do, it is easy to feel good about it afterwards. And you may even be a positive influence on your peers who feel the same way --- often it just takes one person to speak out or take a different action to change a situation.
小题1:Which of the following is a kind of peer pressure?| A．Your teachers give you a lot of homework. | | B．Your parents expect high scores from you. | | C．Your classmates persuade you to cut class. | | D．Your relatives invite you to attend a party. |
小题2:Which is most likely to be filled in the blank in Paragraph 1?| A．negative | | B．impossible | | C．positive | | D．uncertain |
小题3:Most people tend to do what others are doing in order to _________.| A．feel a sense of achievement | | B．get a feeling of being accepted | | C．set a good example for others | | D．stand out in a crowd |
小题4:What can we know according to the author?| A．Giving in to peer pressure is unavoidable. | | B．Peer pressure usually leads to serious results. | | C．Going along with the crowd usually means making a right choice. | | D．Everyone can make a difference by resisting negative peer pressure. |
小题5:This passage is mainly about _______.| A．thoughts on peer pressure | | B．different types of peer pressure | | C．ways to deal with peer pressure | | D．the influence of peer pressure on people |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:D
小题5:A |
解析
试题分析：本文主要论述了什么是同龄人，同龄人压力的表现，及同龄人压力的积极影响和消极影响。总之，文章论述了关于同龄人压力的看法。
小题1:从第一段Your peers are people your age or close to it who have experiences and interests similar to yours说明peers是你的同龄人或拥有相似的体验和兴趣的人，结合第三段Peer pressure can influence a person to do something that is relatively harmless--- or something that has more serious consequences可知选C。
小题2:从第二段第一句Sometimes, though, the stresses in your life can actually come from your peers句意的转折，谈到同伴的消极影响，即有时生活中的压力实际上可能来自同伙，结合第一段破折号后面的内容可以推断空格处是对同伙持肯定态度，故选Ｃ
小题3:从第四段第一句People may feel pressure to conform, so they fit in or are accepted, or so they don’t feel awkward or uncomfortable可确定正确答案为B。
小题4:从第三段最后一句Peer pressure can influence a person to do something that is relatively harmless--- or something that has more serious consequences说明同龄人压力也可以影响一个人做些相对无害的事情，从而排除A（观点不全面），B项犯了同样的毛病，Ｃ项表达错误，从众并不一定能做出正确选择。故选Ｄ。
小题5:纵观全文，主要论述了什么是同龄人，同龄人压力的表现，及同龄人压力的积极影响和消极影响。故选A，有关同龄人压力的看法。 |
举一反三
What does it mean to say that we live in a world of persuasion? It means that we live among competing interests. Your roommate’s need to study for an exam may take priority over pizza. Your instructor may have good reasons not to change your grade. And the object of your romantic/interest may have other choices.
In such a world, persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair and favorable consideration to our points of view. When we persuade, we want to influence how others believe and behave. We may not always prevail — other points of view may be more persuasive, depending on the listener, the situation, and the merit of the case. But when we practice the art of persuasion, we try to ensure that our position receives the attention it deserves.
Some people, however, object to the very idea of persuasion. They may regard it as an unwelcome interruption into their lives. Just the opposite, we believe that persuasion is unavoidable — to live is to persuade. Persuasion may be ethical or unethical, selfless or selfish, inspiring or degrading. Persuaders may enlighten our mind or prey on our vulnerability. Ethical persuasion, however, calls on sound reasoning and is sensitive to the feelings and needs of listeners. Such persuasion can help us apply the wisdom of the past to the decisions we now must make. Therefore, the most basic part of education is learning to resist the one kind of persuasion and to encourage and practice the other.
Beyond its personal importance to us, persuasion is necessary to society. The right to persuade and be persuaded is the bedrock of the American political system, guaranteed by the First Amendment to the Constitution.
小题1:According to the passage, persuasion means ________.| A．changing others’ points of view | | B．exercising power over other people | | C．getting other people to consider your point of view | | D．getting people to agree with you and do what you want |
小题2:The underlined word in the second paragraph “prevail” means________.| A．win | B．fail | C．speak | D．listen |
小题3:The passage states that some people object to persuasion because they think it is ________.| A．a danger to society | B．difficult to do well | | C．unwelcome behavior | D．never successful |
小题4:The passage mainly discusses ________.| A．how people persuade | | B．why people persuade | | C．that persuasion is both good and bad | | D．that persuasion is important and it is all around us |
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Good nutrition (营养)and a balanced diet will help your children grow up healthily .No matter how old your kids are , you can take steps to improve nutrition and to encourage smart eating habits .Here are some suggestions.
Family Meals
Family meals are comforting for both parents and kids. Children like to guess what they are going to have and parents get the chance to introduce new food to children and to find out which food they like and which ones they don’t.
Teens may turn up their noses at your plan of a family meal. It is not surprising because they’re trying to establish independence. Yet studies find that teens still want their parents’ advice, so use the mealtime as a chance to reconnect.
Stocking up (储备) on healthy food
Kids, especially younger ones, will eat mostly what they can get at home. That’s why it’s important to control the supply lines — the food which you serve for meals and have on hand for snacks. You should have enough fruits, vegetables, lean meat and other good sources of protein, such as eggs and nuts, and healthy snacks, such as yogurt, peanut butter and whole-grain biscuits.
Being a good example
The best way for you to encourage healthy eating is to eat well yourself. Kids will follow the lead of the adults they see every day. By eating fruits and vegetables and avoiding fast food and sugary drinks, you’ll be sending the right message.
No conflicts over food
Parents might find themselves shouting at children to get them to have healthy food in front of them. This in fact can make children dislike what they are aske d to eat.
Get kids included
Most kids will enjoy making the decision about what to make for dinner. Talk to them about making choices and planning a balanced meal. It can help them make good decisions on their own about the food they want to eat.
小题1:Family meals provide the chances for parents to do the following things EXCEPT ________.| A．guessing what kids are going to have | | B．finding what kids like and dislike | | C．introducing new food to kids | | D．reconnecting with kids |
小题2:What does the phrase “on hand” mean?| A．Being dealt with. | | B．Out of one’s reach. | | C．Made by persons instead of machines. | | D．Close by and ready when needed. |
小题3:According to the passage, which should NOT be done by parents?| A．Form a healthful eating habit themselves. | | B．Force kids to have vegetables. | | C．Stock up on some fruits at home. | | D．Make meal plans with kids. |
小题4:The best title for the article is “________”.| A．Eat healthily | | B．What is a healthy meal | | C．Help kids form healthy eating habits | | D．How to grow up healthily |
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Another way is by mowing lawn in summer and clearing snow from sidewalks and driveways in winter. Many people mow their own lawns，but often people prefer to give the job to a neighbor’s child. In winter, snow clearing from streets and highways is the government’s responsibility. Homeowners or tenants, however, must clear sidewalks and driveways. Since clearing snow is very tiring, many people prefer to hire teenagers for this job rather than do it themselves.
Besides, many American teenagers usually work two to three hours after school and all day on Saturday or Sunday at the local supermarket. They work as cashiers or stockroom clerks. Or they help customers carry things to their cars. Other favorite jobs are waiting on tables in restaurants or working part-time at stores or gas stations.
By earning their own allowance，teenagers acquire a feeling of independence and a sense of responsibility which prepares them for a productive life in society.
小题1:What does “babysitting” mean in the first paragraph?| A．Watching a baby when its parents are out. | B．Working as a maid. | | C．Sitting with a baby. | D．Selling something. |
小题2:How do American youngsters earn their allowance? Which one is NOT one of the ways?| A．By mowing lawn in summer. | | B．By clearing snow from sidewalks and driveways in winter. | | C．By working two to three hours after school and all day on Saturday or Sunday. | | D．By doing some housework for the family. |
小题3:When it comes to clearing snow，what do many people like to do?| A．Hire teenagers for this job rather than do it themselves | | B．They do it themselves. | | C．They hire their own children to do so | | D．They don’t clean it at all. |
小题4:What is the advantage of youngsters earning allowance?| A．They acquire a feeling of independence. | | B．They acquire a sense of responsibility. | | C．The actions prepare them for a productive life in society. | | D．All of the above. |
小题5:Who will clear the snow on the streets?| A．The inhabitants. | B．The neighbors | | C．The government. | D．The police. |
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Two thirds of the singles looking for love in Britain turned to the Internet last year, according to figures made in public yesterday. Special sites offer introductions to smokers, to Roman Catholics, tall people, beautiful people, frequent flyers and vegans (素食者). Technology has brought about a great change in the dating game.
A survey by Parship, a British branch of Europe’s largest dating service with more than 1.5 million members, says that 65 percent of the 5.4 million Britons looking for a relationship used online dating services last year.
A spokeswoman for Relate, the relationship advisor, confirmed that a figure of two third feel it all right. “Doing it online allows people quite a lot of privacy, because they can do a bit of quiet research and look around from the comfort of their own home. You don’t have to meet a middleman or go to an actual dating agency office, which takes a lot of courage,” she said.
There are more than 100 independent online dating agencies in Britain. Parship says that 50 percent of single people believe they will meet a suitable partner through the Internet, up from 35 percent six months ago.
Mary Balfour, the founder, says that the Internet has changed the dating industry completely. “It’s like a return to old-fashioned love letters,” she said. “You don’t base your initial judgment on how someone looks or what his or her figure is like. You e-mail or talk before you actually see each other. Everybody you know who is single these days has at least had a good look at a dating website, introduction agency or personal ad. They have to, because all the old matchmaking institutions have gone. People work harder, settle down later and live more isolated lives. They’re much more likely to end the day with a DVD and a can of beer than by going to a village dance.”
小题1:Singles in Britain can look for love online mainly because of ________.| A．Parship | B．the help of go-betweens | | C．technology | D．the revolution of dating game |
小题2:About ________ Britons tried to find love online last year according to this passage.| A．1.5 million | B．3.5 million | C．5.4 million | D．65 million |
小题3:For those who want to look for love online, they _________.| A．don’t need to do any research at all | | B．have to meet first before they can e-mail each other | | C．don’t have to find a go-between. | | D．must go to an actual dating agency office first |
小题4:From this passage we can infer that ________.| A．not all single people believe the Internet can help them find their partners | | B．looking for love online needs a lot of courage | | C．old-fashioned love letters become popular again | | D．single people don’t like to look for their partners online. |
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Thinking is something you choose to do as a fish chooses to live in water. To be human is to think. But thinking may come naturally without your knowing how you do it. Thinking about thinking is the key to critical（批判性的）thinking. When you think critically, you take control of your thinking processes（过程）. Otherwise, you might be controlled by the ideas of others. Indeed, critical thinking is at the heart of education.
The word "critical" here has a special meaning. It does not mean taking one view against another view, as when someone criticizes another person for doing something wrong. The nature of critical thinking is thinking beyond the easily seen—beyond the pictures on TV, the untrue reports in the newspapers, and the faulty reasoning (错误的推理).
Critical thinking is an attitude as much as an activity. If you are curious about life and desire to dig deeper into it, you are a critical thinker; if you find pleasure in deep thinking about different ideas, characters, and facts, you are a critical thinker.
Activities of the mind and higher-order reasoning are processes of deep and careful consideration. They take time, and do not go hand in hand with the fast speed in today"s world, fast foods, instant coffee, and self-developing film. If you are among the people who believe that speed is a measure of intelligence, you may learn something new from a story about Albert Einstein. The first time Banish Hoffman, a scientist, was to discuss his work with Albert Einstein, Hoffman was too nervous to speak. But Einstein immediately put Hoffman at ease by saying, "Please go slowly, I don"t understand things quickly."
小题1:Critical thinking is important to us because if we do not think critically,__________.| A．it will be hard for us to think naturally and fast | | B．we will follow the ideas of others naturally | | C．we might be controlled by other people"s ideas | | D．we might be fooled by other people"s ideas |
小题2:If you are a critical thinker, you will________.| A．criticize other people for their mistakes | B．trust the reports in the newspapers | | C．take one view against another view | D．think deeply about different ideas |
小题3:In the last paragraph, "something new" suggests that________.| A．the smarter you are, the faster you do things | | B．intelligence is not decided by speed | | C．speed can improve intelligence | | D．the faster you do things, the smarter you become |
小题4:What would be the best title for the passage?| A．Understanding Critical Thinking | B．Thinking and Critical Thinking | | C．Thinking Natural and Human | D．Thinking Fast Means Intelligence |
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