THIS was the year the Earth struck back.Earthquakes, heat waves, floods, volcano

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THIS was the year the Earth struck back.
Earthquakes, heat waves, floods, volcanoes, super typhoons, snow storms, landslides and droughts killed at least a quarter of a million people in 2010 – the deadliest year in more than a generation. More people were killed worldwide by natural disasters this year than have been killed in terrorism attacks in the past 40 years combined.
"It just seemed like it was back-to-back and it came in waves," said Craig Fugate, who heads the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency. It handled a record number of disasters in 2010.
And we have ourselves to blame most of the time, scientists and disaster experts say.
Even though many catastrophes have the ring of random chance, the hand of man made this a particularly deadly, costly, extreme and weird（古怪的） year for everything from wild weather to earthquakes.
Poor construction and development practices conspire to make earthquakes more deadly than they need be. More people live in poverty in vulnerable（脆弱的） buildings in crowded cities. That means that when the ground shakes, the river breaches, or the tropical cyclone hits, more people die.
Disasters from the Earth, such as earthquakes and volcanoes "are pretty much constant," said Andreas Schraft, vice president of catastrophic perils for the Geneva-based insurance giant Swiss Re. "All the change that"s made is man-made."
The January earthquake that killed well more than 220,000 people in Haiti is a perfect example. Port-au-Prince has nearly three times as many people - many of them living in poverty - and more poorly built shanties than it did 25 years ago. So had the same quake hit in 1985 instead of 2010, total deaths would have probably been in the 80,000 range, said Richard Olson, director of disaster risk reduction at Florida International University.
In February, an earthquake that was more than 500 times stronger than the one that struck Haiti hit an area of Chile that was less populated, better constructed, and not as poor. Chile"s bigger quake caused fewer than 1,000 deaths.
Climate scientists say Earth"s climate also is changing, bringing extreme weather, such as heat waves and flooding.
In the summer, one weather system caused oppressive heat in Russia, while farther south it caused flooding in Pakistan that inundated 161,200 square kilometers, about the size of Wisconsin. That single heat-and-storm system killed almost 17,000 people, more people than all the worldwide airplane crashes in the past 15 years.
Scientists have calculated that the killer Russian heat wave—setting a national record of 43.9℃—would happen once every 100,000 years without global warming.
小题1:What is responsible for the most human deaths in 2010?

A．Natrual disasters.	B．Terrorist attacks.
C．Poor buildings.	D．Too rapid developrnent.

小题2:According to Andreas Schraft, .

A．earthquakes are happening more often because of human beings

B．earthquakes are causing more damage because of human beings

C．stronger houses should be built to limit storm damage

D．Port—au—Prince is now overpopulated

小题3:The main point of the article is to

A．list the natural disasters that occurred in 2010

B．give the details of some natural disasters of 2010

C．warn that more natural disasters are to strike

D．blame humanity for not helping those affected by the disasters

答案

小题1:A小题1:A小题1:C

解析

略

举一反三

Burns can be caused by fire, the sun, chemicals, heated objects or fluids, and electricity. They can be minor problems or life-threatening emergencies. Distinguishing a minor burn from a more serious burn involves determining the degree of damage to the tissues of the body. If you are not sure how serious the burn is, seek emergency medical help.
First-degree burns are those in which only the outer layer of skin is burned. The skin is usually red and some swelling (肿大) and pain may occur. Unless the burn involves large portions of the body, it can be treated at home.
Second-degree burns are those in which the first layer of skin has been burned through and the second layer of skin is also burned. In these burns, the skin reddens intensely and blisters (水泡) develop. Severe pain and swelling also occur. Second-degree burns require medical treatment.
Third-degree burns are the most serious and involve all layers of skin. Fat, nerves, muscles, and even bones may be affected. Areas may be charred black or appear a dry white. If nerve damage is substantial, there may be no pain at all. These burns require emergency medical attention.
Follow these steps when treating minor burns at home:
1) If the skin is not broken, run cool water over the burn for several minutes.
2) Cover the burn with a sterile (消过毒的) bandage or clean cloth.
3) Take aspirin to relieve any swelling or pain.
Seek emergency treatment immediately for major burns. Before an emergency unit arrives, follow these steps:
1) Remove the person from the source of the burn (fire, electrical current, etc.).
2) If the person is not breathing, begin mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (人工呼吸) immediately.
3) Remove all clothing to stop further burning. If the clothing is stuck to the burn, do not attempt to remove it.
4) Cover the burned area with a cool, moist, sterile banda

ge or clean cloth. Do not place any creams, ointments (药膏) or ice on the burned area or break blisters.
5) Monitor the patient for signs of shock, and treat accordingly.
小题1:The underlined sentence in the first paragraph probably means “______”.
A. They can be dangerous if you don’t treat them seriously
Ｂ. They range from slight burns to deadly ones
C. They seldom cause deaths even if not treated properly
D. They usually cause deaths if not treated properly
小题2:Burns are divided into different degrees according to _______.

A．what kind of treatment they need

B．what kind of tissue of the body is damaged

C．whether there is pain and what degree of pain there is

D．which layer of skin is burned

小题3:From the passage we learn that ___

____.

A．if there is severe pain, then you need medical treatment

B．first-degree burns don’t require medical treatment

C．burns without pains can be treated at home

D．the larger the swelling is, the more serious it is

小题4: It can be inferred from the passage that ______

A．you shouldn’t cover the burn with a bandage or cloth if it is severe

B．you shouldn’t move the person unless you know how to do first aid

C．you shouldn’t run cool water over the burn if the skin is broken

D．you shouldn’t place any wet towels on the burned area

小题5:where do you probably find the passage?

A．a fashion magazine	B．a guide book
C．a book on first aid	D．a section about culture in the newspaper

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One of the most difficult things for children to deal with when moving to a new town is leaving their friends and making new ones.
We once moved and one of our new neighbors told us about a summer camp at the Recreation Center all the kids went to. My husband and I looked into it and we found it was unbelievably cheap. I had the kids sign up (报名) the next day so that they could know more kids there.
Another thing we did was to have them sign up for sports when school started. They were happy to be on teams with new friends they made. This also gave me a chance to meet new people and from them I sometimes got some useful ideas for my new books.
If you’re just moving to a new house in the same city you live in now, it won’t really be a problem unless your kids are changing schools. If they are, it is a great idea to have them take the address book to school. Thus, your children won’t feel “lost” without their old friends.
If you’re able to, over the summer vacation, try inviting the friend your child misses most to come and visit your new home for a week, or even a few weeks. I know this can be difficult if that child has to fly, but maybe you can work out a plan with the child’s parents. Think how happy the kids will be when they meet!
小题1:

The author had her kids sign up for the summer camp mainly because _____.

A．she could afford the cost	B．she was asked to do so by her kids
C．it could give her kids a chance to meet more kids
D．it could make the summer holiday not so boring

小题2:What is probably the author?

A．A housewife.

B．A business woman.

C．A teacher.

D．A writer.

小题3:What we can’t learn from the passage is that ____.

A．a summer camp at the Recreation Center was very cheap

B．having the kids take part in sports is good for both the author and her kids

C．parents should ask their children not to think of their old friends

D．parents should create more chances for children to make new friends

小题4:The purpose of the passage is to teach parents how to ______ when they move to a new place.

A．get used to the new life in a short time

B．help their children make new friends and keep the old ones

C．get along with their new neighbors

D．help their children get used to the new school life

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The rise of the so-called “boomerang generation” is revealed in official figures showing that almost one in five graduates in their late 20s now live with their parents.
By contrast, only one in eight university graduates had failed to fly the nest by the same age 20 years ago. It also found that grown-up sons are twice as likely as their sisters to still be living with their parents in their late 20s. With nearly a quarter of men approaching 30 still living at home, the findings are bound to lead to claims of a “generation of mummy’s boys”.
Young professionals in their late 20s or early 30s have been nicknamed the “boomerang generation” because of the trend toward returning to the family home having initially left to study. Recent research has suggested that young people in Britain are twice as likely to choose to live with their parents in their late 20s than their counterparts elsewhere in Europe.
Rising property prices, mounting student debts and the effects of recession on the job market have forced a wave of young people to move back into the family home at an age when they would normally be moving out. But commentators warned that the phenomenon may have more to do with young people facing “dire” prospects than simply a desire to save money.
While the proportion of those of university or college age moving out from the family home has continued to

rise in the last 20 years, among those in their mid and late 20s the trend has been reversed. Overall 1.7 million people aged from 22 to 29 now share a roof with their parents, including more than 760,000 in their late 20s. In 1988, 22.7 per cent of men aged 25 to 29 were still living with their parents bu

t last year the proportion was 24.5 per cent.
小题1: What is the main idea of the passage?

A．The economic crisis has shown its effect on the young generation.

B．More young professionals are returning home to live.

C．British parents are suffering more loads from their grown-up children.

D．Britain is suffering more than any other country in Europe.

小题2: Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Male children seem to more independent than females.

B．Eighty percent of university graduates were able to live indepen

den

tly two decades ago.

C．The grown-up children choose to live with their parents only to save money.

D．More and more children are moving out at university age.

小题3: What does the underlined word “dire” probably mean?

A．promising.

B．inconvenient.

C．very bad.

D．hopeful

小题4: The following factors may account for the phenomenon excep

t _____.

A．that living prices have risen a lot.

B．that it’s difficult to land a job.

C．that education has already cost them a lot

D．that parents can help them more

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All sorts of items become litter(垃圾) but two of the most common and most dangerous are cigarette butts（烟头) and plastic bags. Litter is a big problem for our environment but it is a problem that individuals can easily do something about. Not littering at all or cleaning up litter, such as cigarette butts and plastic bags, greatly improves the quality of our environment.
Although cigarette butts, are small, they are bad for the environment. Over 1,600 billion cigarette are smoked each year in China and large quantities of the butts are thrown away. Worldwide, about 4. 5 trillion butts are littered every year. Apart from the fact that butts spoil the beauty of the environment, they contain some very toxic chemicals. These find their way into the water supply where they decrease the quality of the water and endanger plants and animals that live there. So, if people have to smoke, they shouldn"t throw away the butts but put them in the rubbish bin instead.
Plastic bags are another common form of litter that is a danger to the environment. There areseveral reasons for this. They are made from oil and gas, which are non—renewable resources. If they are not recycled, these resources are lost to us. In China, 2 billion plastic bags are used every day. An enormous number of these become litter. This is a huge problem because they last from 20 to 1,000 years in the environment. They float easily in the air and water and travel long distances. They find their way to rivers, parks, beaches and oceans. Plastic bags kill up to one million seabirds, 100, 000 sea mammals and countless fish each year worldwide. It is up to people not to let plastic bags become litter. It would be better if they used fewer and recycled them.
Cleaning up your cigarette butts and plastic bags would improve the environment. And we would know that we were doing something to look after our planet. However, I believe the best solution would be not to smoke or use plastic bags at all.
小题1: Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
A B. C. D.
( ①=" paragraph" 1; ②=" paragraph" 2; ③=" paragraph" 3; ④a para

graph 4 )
小题2:The word “toxic” in the paragraph 2 most probably mean “________”

A．precious

B．extra

C．poisonous

D．useless

小题3: From the text. we know the fact that_________

A．Chinese smokers litter up to 4. 5 trillion butts every year

B．people in the world use 2 billion plastic bags in a single day

C．plastic bags cause 1 million deaths of seabirds each year worldwide

D．the butts can last 20 to 1,000 years in the environment of China

小题4: What"s probably the best title of the passage?. Clean Up Your

A．Say Goodbye to Smokin

B．Protect the Endangered Sea Animals .

C．Use Paper Bags Now

D．Clean Up Your Butts and Bags

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We are all interested in equality，but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality，others，st

ill in the name of equality，want only to destroy it．
Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils．The standards may be changed—no examination is perfect--but to have no external(外部的)tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards．There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in external examinations or in any contr schools or on teachers.This would mean that everything would depend on luck every pupll would depend on the efficiency(效率)，the ideal and the purpose of teacher．
Without external examinations， employers will 1ook for employees from highly respected schools and from families known to them--a form of favoritism will replace equality．At the moment，the bright child from an ill—respected schoo1 can show certificates(证书)to prove he or she is suitable for a job，while the lack of a certificate shows the unsuitability of a dull child attanding a well—respected schoo1.This defence of excellence and opportunity would disappear if external examinations were taken away，and the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school’s fame(名誉)，unable to compete for employment with the child from the favored schoo1．
The opponents(对手)of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils．According to these people，there must be no special，different，academic class． They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area：all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection．The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some computer．
小题1: The word “favoritism” in paragraph 3 is used to decribe the phenomenon that _____.

A．bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs.

B．Pooor children with certificates are favored in job markets.

C．Children attending ordinary schools achieve great success.

D．children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs.

小题2:What would happen if examinations were taken away according to the author?

A．Children’s job opportunity would be affected by their school reputation.

B．Schools for bright children would lose their reputation

C．There would be more opportunities and excellence.

D．Children from poor families would be able to change their schools.

小题3: The opponents of the examination sys

tem will agree that _____.

A．Computers should be selected to take over many jobs.

B．Special classed are necessary to keep the school standards.

C．Jobs should not be assigned by systematic selection.

D．Schools with academic subjects should be abolished.

小题4: The passage mainly focuses on ____.
A. schools and certificates B opportunity and employment
C. examinations and equality D. standards and reputation

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