Plastic is one of the most important technological discoveries of the 20th centu

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Plastic is one of the most important technological discoveries of the 20th century. However, it may soon be replaced. The new development- liquid wood- can replace plastics in all branches of modern-day industries.
Plastic as a material enjoys the biggest demand in the modern world, but it does have a number of drawbacks. First and foremost, plastic isn’t recyclable. Secondly, it contains toxins (毒物) helping develop cancerous diseases. Finally, it’s made of oil and oil reserves aren’t endless.
The liquid wood technology is likely to replace plastic and providing mankind with new materials for many years ahead. Norbert Eisenfreich, a senior researcher at the Faunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology in Germany (ICT), said that arboform, the new material, is made of lignin(木素质）, which can be obtained from soft tissues of wood. Once mixed with several other matenals, it turns into solid and non-toxic alternative for plastics.
ICT team leader Emilia Regina Inone-Kauffmann said the wood-working industry separates wood into three basic components, including lignin. Lignin isn’t used for the production of paper. Specialists of ICT mixed lignin with several natural materials and thus invented the material which could be melted and molded (铸型）.
When solid, arboform looks like plastic and possesses tho qualitie of polished wood. It can be used for the production of any items. Arboform is already used for the production of car parts which require extra strength. In addition, liquid wood can be recycled repeatedly. The material preserved all of its qualities even if it’s reprocessed ten times.
However, the new invention doesn’t enjoy an extensive use due to the high content of sulfur(硫) in it. German researchers are sure to reduce the amount of sulfur by 90% very soon to make arboform usable for home needs.
小题1:According to the passage, plastic .

A．helps us to reduce the use of petrol

B．helps to protect our environment in some way

C．does harm to our society in some way

D．has been replaced by the newly discovered material

小题2:What’s the advantage of arboform over plastic?

A．It is easier made from natural oil.

B．It is more widely used in household

C．It is recyclable and friendly to environment.

D．It contains no poisonous materials.

小题3:The underlined word “altemative” in Paragraph 3 means .

A．lignin or arboform	B．soft tissues of wood
C．plastics or wood	D．mixture of several materials

小题4:It can be concluded that German researchers will focus their future work firstly on .

A．the material’s extensive use	B．the content of sulfur in arboform
C．the production cost of arboform	D．the qualities of liquid wood

小题5:The main purpose of the text is to .

A．introduce liquid wood which will replace plastic

B．show readers how to produce arboform

C．advertise the new material-arboform

D．advertise new products made of arboform

答案

小题1:C
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:B
小题5:A

解析

略

举一反三

完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四处选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A cat which became famous in Britain for riding on the buses around the southern English city of Plymouth has died after being killed by a car.
Casper, a 12 -year-old black and white cat,   26   leave his house, trotted （慢跑） across the street to the bus stop, queued with bus passengers and"waited for his 27 ．He then hopped（跳跃） on the number3 bus to find his 28   seat to curl up on before hopping off at his 29 ．The cat was so clever that he knew 30   stop to get off and drivers made sure that he wouldn" t get off at some random（随意的）   31 ．Also, the cat seemed to know where to get back 32 , and then he trotted off home．Many local people also knew Casper, who loved everyone and also enjoyed the 33 ourneys, It seemed that 12 -year-old Casper had discovered a very efficient way to 34   the English city of Plymouth in his golden years．
However, one day ,   35 a motorist hit him and did not stop．Casper was then, in fact, crossing the street to lcatch his usual No．3 bus   36   he was struck by the car．Our friend, Caspar ___37 his injuries．On hearing the news of his death, many people were 38 . A company spokesman said in a statement that Casper _39_ many people" s lives and clearly had a very 40 life traveling around Plymouth．He also suspected that Casper was telling all the other cats in the heaven a bout the many 41_he had experienced．
Casper" s owner, 55 -year - old Susan Finden, said he had always been a free spirit and was named   42   the cartoon character Casper the Friendly Ghost, because of his habit of 43 off．Finden ．posted a sign at Casper" s bus stop to let people know, that they" d no longer be enjoying the company of the cat of whom they"d grown so 44 ．
Casper was a special cat and he had a wonderful life．A 45 of the cat will continue to be used on one of the company" s buses. He will be missed for ever.
26．A．used to              B．liked to              C．hated to          D．had to
27．A．time                B．turn                C．place      D．order
28．A．best               B．favpritest             C． most          D．favorite
29．A．destination          B．determination       C．decision              D．description
30．A．where              B．at which             C．what          D．in which
31．A．station            B．stop   C．spot   D．scene
32．A．up                  B．down                C．off      D．on
33．A．bus                 B．car    C．rail           D．air
34．A．get across           B．get through         C．get down           D．get around
35．A．sadly               B．luckily          C．happily        D．strangely
36．A．while               B．as                 C．when            D．then
37．A．died off               B．died from            C．died down         D．died away
38．A．shocked              B．interested           C．surprised         D．excited
39．A．changed             B．touched            C．turned        D．challenged
40．A．discouraging         B．discouraged         C．excited         D．exciting
41．A．adventures          B．accidents           C．friends        D．incidents
42．A．by                  B．from                C．through             D．after
43．A．wondering            B．wandering          C．cutting             D．going
44．A．familiar             B．similar              C．fond           D．popular
45．A．picture              B．signal               C．movie        D．card

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         According to the report by Baekeland and Hartmann, two American authoritative psychotogical research centres, the "short sleepers" had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens．But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions, in their daily routines.
In general, these "short sleeps" appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful,, conformist （循规蹈矩的） in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices．They often held several jobs at once, or workers full - or part - time while going to school．And many of them had a strong urge to appear "normal" or "acceptable" to their friends and associates．When asked to recall their dreams, the "short sleepers" did poorly．More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering．In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy m the hope that the trouble would go away．The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers" were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic （疯人）.
The "long sleepers" were quite different indeed．Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood．They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived （剥夺） of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest．They tended to recall their dreams much better than the "short sleepers．" did．Many of the "long sleepers" were shy, anxious, introverted （内向）, inhibited （压抑） , passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves （particularly in social situations）．Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems．
50．According to the text, which is probably the writer" s real attitude towards these two living habits ____．
A．both of them are healthy habits
B．not both of them are unhealthy habits
C．either of them is not unhealthy habits
D．neither of them is healthy habits
51．When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might ____．
A．feel extremely depressed         B．become energetic
C．appeared disturbed          D．feel disappointed
52．The writer implies （暗示） that short sleepers _____ in the text．
A．are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of life
B．often neglect the consequences of inadequate（不足的）sleep
C．do not know how to relax properly
D．are more unlikely to run into mental problems

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         Social rules or laws on marriage vary widely between countries．Some countries, still do not have a legal minimum age for marriage, which makes child macriages are very common, there．
In the Western Christian countries, a 13 -year -old is still considered a child．Even getting married in one* s late teens is not usually encouraged because married life is likely to interfere with a young woman" s education and consequently restrict opportunities in later life．And there are also physical dangers in giving birth so young．
In Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran and Pakistan, the age of puberty（青春期）at around 13 or 14 is the legal age for marriage, but in Turkey it is 15, and in Egypt and Tunisia, 18 the same minimum age as in many Western countries．It is argued that by allowing, earlier marriages, Islamic law is promoting stable relationships, while Western laws are encouraging promiscuity among young people．
In many countries, the trends of urbanization and education for girls have seen a drop in the number of child brides．However, early marriages continue to occur in poor rural areas．In India, for example, the legal age of marriage for a girl is 18 and to a boy, 21．Yet, according to government statistics, 18 percent of ten to fourteen-year old girls in the poor, rural state of Rajasthan in the northwest of the country are married．It is clear, then, that child marriages are connected with poverty, lack of education, rural customs as well as religion．So there don"t tend to be any child marriages in urban or rich areas．
57．The underlined word "promiscuity" in the third paragraph means ____．
A．permanent partnership                  B．firm partnership
C．diverse relationship                     D．single relationship
58．According to the text, which of these women are married lastest?
A．Women from less educated background．
B．Women from poor rural areas．
C．Women from Islamic countries．
D．Wonf
eri from cities．
59．Child marriages are NOT related to ____ according to the passage．
A．social communication                B．rural customs
C．poverty and lack of education           D．religious beliefs
60．According to the passage, getting married early leads to all of the following EXCEPT____．
A．reducing a young woman"s education
B．limiting a young woman"s chances
C．causing baby death
D．doing harm to a young woman"s health

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Close test30%
Not long ago, the only time you could see a robot was when you were reading a novel or watching a movie such as Star Wars. Today, 36 a lot of things in science stories have been science facts. Robots are starting to _37_ in our everyday lives. These robots have different sizes, shapes and colors. But they all have the same _38_ of man-made “_39_”. Leading the robot revolution(革命) are industrial robots that work in factories. Industrial robots can do different kinds of jobs that are often _40_ and sometimes dangerous. Robots are also coming to American homes, though not as quickly asthey are entering _41_. These robots aren’t as friendly and _42_ as those you saw in Star Wars. But, their makers say, today’s home robots “walk” and sense objects in their own way. They even _43_ objects though they may sometimes drop. Well, nobody is _44_.
We may _45_ home robots today, but some day they may see and hear _46_ than humans do. We _47_
can only see certain wave lengths of light and hear certain _48_. That’s because the _49_ of our eyes and ears are _50_.
Robots, however, need not have the same limits _51_ we have. Robots may also be _52_ wit devices(装置) that _53_ information humans can’t. However, to understand _54_ their sensing devices pick up is a hard job.
Remember, man-made brains _55_ information, including all kinds of data, as zeroes and ones.
Imagine the difficulty in trying to explain to a robot what a football looks like---using only zeroes and ones.
36. A. however                  B. whenever                       C. on the other hand                 D. in other words
37. A. come                        B. appear                                      C. enter                                         D. raise
38. A. variety                      B. dozen                              C. score                                         D. type
39. A. muscle                     B. body                                 C. brain                                         D. appearance
40. A. surprising                B. boring                              C. pleasant                                   D. exciting
41. A. homes                     B. factories                         C. schools                                     D. offices
42. A. certain                     B. pleasing                          C. bright                                        D. foolish
43. A. carry                         B. forget                              C. remember                              D. choose
44. A. wonderful                B. excellent                         C. happy                                        D. perfect
45. A. play jokes on     B. make fun of                    C. laugh at                                  D. have fun with
46. A. worse                       B. faster                              C. better                                      D. sooner
47. A. fellows                     B. humans                           C. beings                                     D. friends
48. A. noise                         B. voice                                C. sounds                                              D. speeches
49. A. sight                         B. length                              C. distance                                  D. ability
50. A. enough                     B. endless                           C. limited                           D. hopeful
51. A. as                              B. since                                C. for                                            D. while
52. A. given                         B. equipped                        C. sent                                         D. applied
53. A. pick out                    B. pick up                   C. send up                                   D. send out
54. A. how                           B. where                              C. what                                        D. which
55. A. deal                           B. handle                             C. seek                                        D. provide

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