阅读理解。 Turkey started the next stage of a smoking ban on July 19, 2009 by ext
Turkey started the next stage of a smoking ban on July 19, 2009 by extending the
ban to cafes, bars and restaurants as it aims to limit smoking in a country where 22 million
people, half the adult male population, smoke.
Smokers in Cyprus will also be hit finally when one of the last EU smoking havens
(避难所) carries out a ban on smoking in public places. From January 1, 2011, smoking
was banned in restaurants, bars, nightclubs and workplaces, and heavy fines were put
in place.
Ireland carried out a nationwide ban on smoking in workplaces in 2004. US states,
including Florida and California, have had similar bans since 2003. In November 2004,
Bhutan became the first country to ban tobacco sales entirely.
Here are details on some other countries that have banned smoking since 2008:
●July 2008:
Germany: A ban on smoking in bars in Germany"s 16 federal states was challenged
in court in July 2008. Most states are now adopting the guidelines established by the
court. Roughly 29% of more than 81 million Germans smoke.
●October 2008:
India: It banned smoking in public places on October 2 in an attempt to fight tobacco
use. The ban, which includes all offices and restaurants, will hit its estimated 240 million
tobacco users.
●January 2009:
Indonesia: Some cities in Indonesia have banned smoking in public, but rules are
ignored sometimes.
●May 2009:
Croatia: Law banning smoking in all public places came into effect on May 6 to the
displeasure of one million smokers.
Bulgaria: Lawmakers voted May 15 to ban smoking in public spaces from June 2010,
ignoring protests (抗议) from tobacco producers and the tourist industry. Smoking is
already banned in hospitals, taxis and offices.
●July 2009 :
Greece bans smoking in indoor public places from July 1.
B. was the only EU country that allowed smoking
C. has punished all smokers since January 1, 2010
D. had forbidden smoking in some places before July 19, 2009
B. Bhutan.
C. Ireland.
D. Greece.
B. Most places in the world will ban smoking in public soon.
C. Smoking is banned in all public places in Ireland.
D. The smoking ban in Bulgaria can"t be carried out because of protests.
B. Turkey.
C. Croatia.
D. Germany.
city on Earth" by the 2012 Olympics and called for commitments from other world cities
at a climate change conference. Leaders of the world"s 40 largest cities are meeting in
Seoul this week for a summit on combating global warming -- the third to be held since
2005.
"What we should do in Seoul is agree that we will stop the endless addiction of
mankind to the internal combustion engine (内燃机)," said Johnson. He said at a press
conference the world"s cities consume 75 percent of the world"s energy and produce
80 percent of the emissions which cause climate change. "The problem of our planet is
an urban problem," Johnson said.
He said the British capital wants to use the Olympics "to drive the greening and the
improvement of our city" and noted that London is committed to reduce carbon dioxide
emissions by 60 percent by 2025.
Johnson said the key measure was being taken to solve problems relating to housing
and commercial buildings, which accounted for 70 percent of carbon dioxide emissions
in London. This involved retrofitting (翻新) -- installing lagging -- in large numbers
of public buildings.
Johnson proclaimed himself a "passionate cyclist" and said he would push ahead
with cycle superhighways around London.
London"s air quality problem, he said, was caused by vehicle emissions from 8,300
worn and used diesel (柴油) buses, which could be replaced by low-carbon vehicles.
In addition, there were also 32,000 taxis running on diesel fuel, which could be replaced
by electric vehicles.
Johnson said there would be a few programs in the next few years to produce a
"cleaner, greener" bus for the city. "The age of the diesel bus has got to be over in
London."
B. London plans to make the cleanest and greenest city on Earth by 2012
C. Some measures to deal with pollution
D. The problem of our planet appeared
B. The used buses running on diesel will be replaced by electric vehicles.
C. London promises to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 60 percent by 2025.
D. Something has been done to solve the problem of carbon dioxide emissions.
B. Objecting.
C. Agreeing
D. Solving
B. global warming
C. London Olympics in 2012
D. green environment
B. measures to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in London
C. measures to solve housing and commercial items
D. measures to replace the old and used vehicles
The use of the word imitation(模仿) reminds me that we ought to make some more
comments on the risk of people imitating what they see on the screen in the way of crime
(犯罪) or violence．First there was always a risk of children acting out scenes which
could be dangerous．For example,I remember a woman who was head of a middle
school telling me that she had happened to look out of her window when the children
were on the playground and had seen them putting a small boy on a chair with a rope
round his neck and the rope over the branch of a tree;fortunately she was in time to get
there before the child was hanged．I remember a film in particular in which the hero who
was imprisoned had escaped by electrocuting(通电触死) his guard,the technique of
doing this being shown in detail．This was the kind of scene which we could cut for these
reasons．
In films for young people and adults we always tried to keep off the screen the details
of criminal techniques,such as how to open a locked door with a piece of hard plastic or
how to open a safe;if we were consulted(请教) before production,I used to advise that the
details should not be shown．When I gave talks in prisons about film checking I had full
support for this,since fathers who were in prison for criminal offences did not want their
children to get on crime．
Every time I gave a talk in a prison someone used to mention the French film Rififi．
made by Jules Dassin in 1954．This remarkable film showed in great detail a robbery of
a jeweller"s shop,the robbery lasting about half an hour and being backed by only natural
sound．．．one of the most brilliant film sequences(连续镜头) of all time．I remember
our discussion at the time．We thought that the robbery was finished only with the use of
advanced and obviously expensive equipment and that only the most experienced and skilled
criminals could possibly imitate it;we believed therefore that it was relatively safe.When talking
in prisons some years later I learned that there had been several robberies in which the techniques
had been copied,so perhaps we were wrong．
B．the details of the crime should not be shown on the screen
C．children should not imitate what they see on the screen
D．it is dangerous to imitate what they see on the screen
the guard?
B．The writer is strongly against it．
C．The writer thinks the film has some value．
D．The writer does not show his/her attitude．
B．that some very good tools were used in the robbery
C．that the film showed the technique in detail
D．that the technique of the robbery was not imitated
B．only people in prison support film checking
C．only children imitate what they have seen on the screen
D．the writer used to advise the details of crime should be shown
choices about how to spend their time.
Some may use this freedom to share less time with certain friends or family members,
but new technology will also let them stay in closer touch with those they care most
about. I know this from personal experience.
E-mall makes it easy to work at home, which is where I now spend most weekends
and evenings. My working hours aren"t necessarily much shorter than they once were,
but I spend fewer of them at the office. This lets me share more time with my young
daughter than I might have if she" d been born before electronic marl became such a
practical tool.
The Internet also makes it easy to share thoughts with a group of friends. Say you
do something fun -- see a great movie perhaps and there are four or five friends who
might want to hear about it. If you call each one, you may be tired of telling the story.
With E-mail, you just write one note about your experience at your convenience
and address it to all the friends you think might be interested. They can read your
message when they have time, and read only as much as they want to. They can reply
jt their convenience and you can read what they have to say at your convenience.
E-mail is also an inexpensive way to stay in close touch with people who live far
away. More than a few parents use E-mail to keep in touch, even daily touch, with
their children off at college.
We just have to keep in mind that computers and the Internet offer another way of
staying in touch. They don"t take the place of any of the old ways.
B. describe the writer"s joy of keeping up with the latest technology
C. tell the value of the Internet
D. introduce the reader to basic knowledge about computers and the Internet
B. haw more time with his child
C. work at home on weekends
D. work comfortably to him
B. Internet: New Tool to Keep Good Friendship
C. Computers Have Made Life Easier
D. Internet: a Convenient Tool for Communication
A. 方便
B. 有空.
C. 工作
D. 在家
There was the public male realm (领域)of "rational accomplishment" and cruel competition,
and the private female and child-rearing sphere of home, intuition (直觉) and emotion. The
private realm was supposed to be isolated firm the realities of adult life. For both better and
worse, television and other electronic media tend to break down the difference between
those two worlds. The membrane around the family sphere is much more permeable
(可渗透的). TV takes public events and transforms them into dramas that are played
out in the privacy of our living rooms, kitchens and bedrooms.
Parents used to be the channel through which children learned about the outside world.
They could decide what to tell their children and when to tell it to them. Since children
learn to read in stages, books provide a kind of natural screening process, where adults
can decide what to tell and not tell children of different reading abilities. Television
destroyed the system that separated adult from child knowledge and separated
information into year-by-year slices for children of different ages. Instead, it presents the
same information directly to children of all ages, without going through adult filters.
So television presents a real challenge to adults. While a parent can read a newspaper
without sharing it with children in the same room, television is accessible to everyone in
that space. And unlike books, television doesn"t allow us to flip (翻转) through it and see
what"s coming up. We may think we"re giving our children a lesson in science by having
them watch the Challenger take off, and then suddenly they learn about death, disaster and
adult mistakes.
Books allow adults to discuss privately what to tell or not tell children. This also allows
parents to keep adult material secret from children and keep their secret keeping secret.
Take that same material and put it on The Today Show and you have 800,000 children
hearing the very things the adults are trying to keep from them. "Television takes our kids
across the globe before parents give them permission to cross the street."
More importantly, children gradually learn that adults are worried and anxious about
being parents. Actually, television has also places families under a lot of stress.
research project. We have to discuss realism and dreams in television advertising, and so we are
looking for examples of things that are not true in television advertisements. The question we are asking
is, "Is the advertisement true to life, or does it offer an unreal picture of the product?"
Sylvester is keeping track of the lies, and he already has quite a long list. He says that all housewives
seem to live in lovely homes, dress beautifully, and love their household chores. They smile and boast
about floor cleaners and proudly display their dirty clothes, dirty table-tops, and dirty children. In
addition, he has never seen men doing housework. Sylvester thinks that this view of family life is filled
with things that are not true.
I am keeping track of the people who appear in the advertisements. I have found handsome men
chasing after beautiful women, and they are always recommending brand X tooth-paste or brand Y
cologne (科隆香水). I see teenagers and children with their friends, having wonderful time at parties
and at school, and they are usually enjoying large, happy family gatherings. I think that these
advertisements are also filled with things that aren"t true.
Sylvester and I have discovered that much of American life is pictured unrealistically on television.
Teenagers do not always have fun at parties, and very few people love doing chores. People do have
problems but few of these are ever shown in advertisements. Instead, we watch Cinderella discover a
miracle floor cleaner, finish the kitchen chores, and waltz off to the ball. Our heads are filled with these
dreams, and they also suggest that, for any problem, brand Z will provide the instant cure. Sylvester and
I will have very few facts and a lot of dreams to write about in our research reports.
B. They are trying to be like TV people.
C. They are interested in advertising.
D. They are doing a school project.
B. It is unrealistic.
C. It is true to life.
D. It is too boring.
B. is lacking in much imagination
C. seldom shows problems
D. gives great fun to children
B. American Life to Be Shown
C. Children Like to Sylvester Advertisements
D. Untrue Things in TV Advertising
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