阅读理解。ABy combing through newly digitized census data from the 19th century, J. D
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| A |  | By combing through newly digitized census data from the 19th century, J. David Hacker, a demographic historian from Binghamton University in New York, has recalculated the death toll and increased it by more than 20 percent - to 750,000 |
| B |  | Called the iBrain , this simple-looking contraption is part of an experiment that aims to allow Dr. Hawking - long paralyzed by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ,or Lou Gehrig"s disease - to communicate by merely thinking. |
| C |  | What we wear can affect not only what people think of us, but also the way our brains work, a study involving a doctor"s coat shows. |
| D |  | What we wear can affect not only what people think of us, but also the way our brains work, a study involving a doctor"s coat shows. |
| E |  | A Canadian project aimed at creating a genetically engineered pig whose manure would be less harmful to the environment is being halted after failure to find a company willing to bring the animal to market, according to the lead researcher. |
| F |  | Scientists have for the first time identified several gene mutations that they say sharply increase the chances of autism, and have found that the risk increases with the age of the parents, particularly the father. |
| 1-5: ECBFA | ||
| 语法填空。 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的 词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 In many countries, ___1___ is not unusual for families of different backgrounds to live together in the shared space. ___2___, in the United States, this idea may still be considered odd. But this type of housing, ___3___(call) co-housing, is gaining ___4___ (popular) in the United States, too. Co-housing complexes are popping up across the country. For many people, this way of life is a relief to the busy modern lifestyle. A co-housing community has ___5___ (private) owned houses and shared land. There is often a “common house” with a kitchen and dining room, meeting room, and maybe a workshop of library or music room. About 25 co-housing communities ___6___ (build) in recent years, and 150 more are planned. A co-housing complex is a place ___7___ residents shop, cook, and eat together. Residents of a co-housing complex like its sense of shared community. Children have other kids to play ___8___, ___9___ many families like. Other residents like the feeling of living in a “ village”. Residents also say that they can live in co-housing for ___10___ (little)money than they would pay for nearby apartments. | ||
| 阅读理解。 | ||
| The knowledge society will be a highly competitive one, for organizations and individuals alike. Information technology, although only one of many new features of the next society, is already having one hugely important effect: it is allowing knowledge to spread near-instantly , and making it accessible to everyone. Given the ease and speed at which information travels, every institution in the knowledge society-not only businesses, but also schools, universities, hospitals and increasingly government agencies too-has to be globally competitive, even though most organizations will continue to be local in their activities and in their markets. This is because the Internet will keep customers everywhere informed on what is available anywhere in the world, and at what price. This new knowledge economy will rely heavily on knowledge workers. At present, this term is widely used to describe people with considerable theoretical knowledge and learning :doctors, lawyers, teachers, accountants chemical engineers. But the most striking growth will be in “knowledge technologists”: computer technicians, software designers, analysts in clinical labs, manufacturing technologists, paralegals. These people are as much manual（体力劳动)workers and they are knowledge workers; in fact, they usually spend far more time working with their hands than with their brains, but their manual work is based on a substantial amount of theoretical knowledge which can be acquired only through formal education ,not through an apprenticeship（学徒期). They are not, as a rule, much better paid than traditional skilled workers, but they see themselves as "professionals”, just as unskilled manual workers in manufacturing were the dominant social and political force in the 21th century, knowledge technologists are likely to become the dominant social-and perhaps also political-force over the next decades. | ||
| 1. The chief reason for keen （激烈的）competition in the knowledge society is that _________. | ||
| A. organizations and individuals are easily influenced by information B. customers keep track of new products worldwide C. anyone can have access to knowledge anytime and anywhere D. local organizations such as universities and hospitals will be globalized. | ||
| 2. The quick spread of knowledge in the next society___________. | ||
| A. is based on information technology B. results from a highly competitive society C. is likely to increase information flow D. will become the biggest problem to tackle | ||
| 3. “Knowledge workers” mentioned in the essay most probably refer to ________. | ||
| A. those with primary and secondary education B. those who work with hands rather than brains C. those who have acquired theoretical knowledge through apprenticeship D. those who have received higher education and got theoretical knowledge | ||
| 4. All of the following are characteristic of “knowledge technologist” except that ________. | ||
| A. they spend more time on manual work than on mental work B. they are equipped with a large amount of theoretical knowledge C. they see themselves professionals rather than traditional skilled workers. D. They acquire skills through traditional apprenticeship | ||
| 5. The underlined word “dominant” in this passage probably means________. | ||
| A. most influential B. most interesting C. most diligent D. quite available | ||
| 阅读理解。 | ||
| There are all sorts of good sensible reasons to avoid getting angry . Not only does it make us feel bad , it also makes us do stupid things without noticing the risks and it can be self-destructive ( 毁坏 性的) . 1 But like all emotions ,anger has its purposes, which can be used for good effects . Anger is a motivating force . In fact anger itself is a kind of positive energy and a powerful motivating force. 2 .When we see something as beneficial , we want it more when we are angry . So, when used right, constructive anger can make us feel strong and powerful and help push us on to get what we want. 3 It may sound like a strange thing to say , but angry people have something in common with happy people. That"s because both tend to expect favorable results. By comparison those experiencing more fear are more pessimistic (悲观的) about the future and expect further terrors. Anger can benefit relationships. Society tells us anger is dangerous and we should hide it .The problem is that when we hide our anger, our partner doesn"t know he"s done something wrong. And so he keeps doing it 4 The expression of anger, if reasonable and aimed at finding a solution, can actually benefit and strengthen relationships. Anger provides self-understanding. Anger can also provide understanding into ourselves, if we allow it. Getting angry leads to a positive outcome. Anger help discover our own faults. If we can notice when we get angry and why, then we can learn what to do to improve our lives 5 A. Anger reduces violence. B. Anger can encourage self-change. C. Angry people are more optimistic. D. And that doesn"t do our relationship any good. E. That"s because it"s a very strong social signal that a situation needs to be solved. F. Most of us treat our anger as though it"s unreasonable, unshowable and unmentionable. G. Anger can turn us on and thus push on towards our goals in the face of problems and barriers. | ||
| 阅读理解。 | ||
| An "apple polisher" is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment. It is not exactly a bribe(贿赂),but is close to it. All sorts of people are apple polishers, including politicians and people in high offices ? just about everybody. Oliver Cromwell, the great English leader, offered many gifts to win the support of George Fox and his party, but failed. There are other phrases meaning the same thing as "apple-polishing" ?? "soft-soaping" or "butter-up". A gift is just one way to "soft-soap" somebody, or to "butter him up". Another that is just as effective is flattery, giving someone high praise ?? telling him how good he looks, or how well he speaks, or how talented and wise he is. Endless are the ways of flattery. Who does not love or hear it ? Only an unusual man can resist the thrill of being told how wonderful he is. In truth, flattery is good medicine for most of us, who gets so little of it. We need it to be more sure of ourselves. It cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it. But we just lap it up for its food value and nourishment, as a cat laps up milk, then we can still remain true to ourselves. Sometimes, however, flattery will get you nothing from one who has had too much of it. A good example is the famous 12th century legend of King Canute of Denmark and England. The king got tired of listening to the endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣).They overpraised him to the skies, as a man of limitless power. He decided to teach them a lesson. He took them to the seashore and sat down. Then he ordered the waves to stop coming in. The tide was too busy to listen to him. The king was satisfied. This might show his followers how weak his power was and how empty their flattery. | ||
| 1.Which of the following activities has nothing to do with "apple-polishing" ? | ||
| A. A boy tells his girlfriend how pretty she looks B. An employee tells his boss how good he is at management C. A knight(骑士)is said to be of limitless power by his followers D. A teacher praised his students for their talent and wisdom. | ||
| 2.Which of the following statement about flattery is TRUE according to the author ? | ||
| A. Too much flattery can carry us away B. Flattery is too empty to do people any good C. Flattery can get nothing but excessive(过度的)pride D. Flattery is one of the ways to apple-polish people. | ||
| 3. King Canute of Denmark and England took his followers to the seashore because __________. | ||
| A. he was sick of his normal B. he disliked being overpraised any more C. he wanted them to realize how wise he was D. he wanted them to see how weak he was as a king | ||
| 4. The author thinks that flattery can do good to those who _________. | ||
| A. are really excellent B. lack confidence C. are politicians or in high offices D. think highly of themselves | ||
| 阅读理解。 | ||
| Many of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage(野人) is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently-this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done-is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized people ought to be able to find some way of setting their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And not only has it won, but because it has won, it had been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might(权利) is right. | ||
| 1.The author thinks that the conquerors and generals and soldiers ________. | ||
| A. only appear glorious in history books B. are greater than any other people C. are not as great as described in history books D. do not really help civilization forward | ||
| 2. As it is indicated in the passage, the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier is put on the highest pillars in the great cities of the world mainly because ________. | ||
| A. people respect them very much B. they fought bravely to protect their cities C. people think they fought too brutally(野蛮地) D. they conquered many cities and countries | ||
| 3.What is the writer"s attitude towards the countries that ruled over a large number of other countries ? | ||
| A. Positive. B. Critical. C. Ironic. D. Respectful. | ||
| 4.The author says that civilized people________. | ||
| A. should not have any quarrels to settle B. should not fight when there are no quarrels to settle C. should settle their quarrels without fighting D. should settle their quarrels by killing the other side |