Youth sports teach kids to develop a winning state of mind as well as the abilit
题型：不详难度：来源：
Youth sports teach kids to develop a winning state of mind as well as the ability to become team leaders. Although having __ is a major part of athletics, the only purpose of sports is to compete and create the ____ mentality (心态) people need in sports.
____ have the extremely hard task of getting their young athletes to learn how to play the sport and become disciplined, and ready to play the sport to the best of their ability. ____， I was at my younger brother"s baseball game the other night and his team was ____ by five runs in the last part of the game. While most teams in this situation would be desperately trying to regain their ____ for bravery and will to fight, his team just seemed to slowly walk around, ____ sunflower seeds, and laugh at jokes made by teammates. I asked my brother after the game why everybody was so ___ about the loss and he said it was because some kid"s mom brought really good snacks.
Some parents have a ___ with coaches shouting at their child, as they hold the view that if a child makes a mistake, it is the coach"s ___ to correct the problem. When parents get involved in telling the coach how to __11__ the team, problems ____. Some parents feel if they pay their money, they should have an equal ___ on how to coach the team. In order to have a successful learning experience, the coach needs to feel like he can control his team and ____ the parents from having the last say. Without that, the coach feels as if he needs to ____ the parents by giving more playing time to their kids who actually don"t ____ it.
With youth sport programs becoming less competitive, club teams are on the ____. More teens can get an easier access to them. Club teams ____ more of what high school and junior high coaches are looking for, the competitive edge that is absolutely necessary in ____. While having fun is important, skills and a ____ mentality is worth more in the world of sports.
| 小题1: | | A．fun | B．dignity | | C．courage | D．patience |
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| 小题2: | | A．social | B．competitive | | C．healthy | D．responsible |
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| 小题3: | | A．Coaches | B．Parents | | C．Experts | D．Headmasters |
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| 小题4: | | A．As a result | B．In addition | | C．For example | D．On the contrary |
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| 小题6: | | A．scores | B．goals | | C．spirits | D．dreams |
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| 小题7: | | A．chew | B．spit | | C．count | D．swallow |
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| 小题8: | | A．worried | B．happy | | C．serious | D．casual |
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| 小题9: | | A．joke | B．problem | | C．contact | D．compromise |
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| 小题10: | | A．duty | B．experience | | C．awareness | D．turn |
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| 小题11: | | A．dismiss | B．unite | | C．handle | D．assess |
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| 小题12: | | A．stand out | B．break out | | C．work out | D．come out |
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| 小题13: | | A．say | B．guidance | | C．response | D．reward |
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| 小题14: | | A．protect | B．defend | | C．excuse | D．discourage |
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| 小题15: | | A．assist | B．motivate | | C．please | D．blame |
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| 小题16: | | A．want | B．deserve | | C．value | D．appreciate |
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| 小题18: | | A．offer | B．require | | C．seek | D．preserve |
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| 小题19: | | A．academics | B．sports | | C．exams | D．competitions |
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| 小题20: | | A．risking | B．controlling | | C．winning | D．cooperating |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:A
小题4:C
小题5:D
小题6:C
小题7:B
小题8:D
小题9:B
小题10:A
小题11:C
小题12:D
小题13:A
小题14:D
小题15:C
小题16:B
小题17:D
小题18:A
小题19:B
小题20:C |
解析
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。体育运动对青少年来讲不仅是好玩，更重要的是它培养了青少年竞争、必胜的心态，这也是体育的价值所在。
小题1:A 考察名词辨析。句义：尽管运动在很多程度上让人感觉快乐。此处最最好一句while having fun is importantA项符合语境。故A正确。
小题2:B 考察形容词辨析。句义：体育的唯一目的是竞争，并为人们创造在体育运动时所必备的那种竞争的心态。本句的and前面的os to compete与最后一段中的the competitive edge that is absolutely necessary相呼应。故B正确。
小题3:A 考察名词辨析。句义：教练需要让年轻人学会如何 运动，遵守纪律，并在运动中充分发挥自己的能力，这是一项极其艰巨的任务。故A正确。
小题4:C 考察介词短语辨析。C例如；A结果是；句义：例如，一天晚上我去看弟弟的棒球比赛。作者提出做一名教练不容易，下文用一个例子来印证这个观点。故C正确。
小题5:D 考察介词辨析。句义：他们在比赛的后半场落后了5分；与本段最后一句中的about the loss相呼应。故D正确。
小题6:答案：C 考查名词辨析。句意为：尽管大多数队伍在这种情况下会竭力振作起来(regain one"s spirits)，进行反击……由for bravery可知，此处应是一种“精神(spirit)”，故答案C符合文义。score得分；goal目标，进球；dream梦想，均不符合文义，故排除。
小题7:B 考察动词辨析。句义：而他的队友们却慢慢地到处走动，嗑（spit吐）着瓜子，听其他队友讲的笑话，开心地笑着。A咀嚼；B吐；C数；D吞。根据句义说明B正确。
小题8:D 考察形容词辨析。句义：赛后我问我弟弟，大家为什么对失败都无所谓（casual随意的）呢…根据上句中“his team just seemed to slowly walk around”所描述的弟弟们的队友们的态度可知D正确。
小题9:B 考察名词辨析。句义：一些家长对教练训孩子很是不满。B项和shouting at怒骂，训斥，相呼应。A玩笑；C联系；D妥协；根据句义说明B正确。
小题10:A 考察名词辨析。句义：因为他们认为，如果孩子犯错了，教练有责任去纠正这些问题。B经历；C意识；D轮流。A责任。根据句义说明A正确。
小题11:C 考察动词辨析。句义：当父母亲开始干涉教练如何管理一个运动队的时候，与本段倒数第二句相呼应。A解散；B团结；C处理；管理；D评估；根据句义说明C正确。
小题12:答案：D 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：当父母开始干涉教练如何管理运动员时，长此以往，问题也就随之而来(come out)了。stand out出色，突出；break out爆发(一般指战争或者口角)；work out锻炼身体，进展，均不符合文义，故排除。
小题13:A 考察名词辨析。句义：一些父母亲认为如果他们付钱了，他们在运动队里就应该有同样的话语权say，与本段倒数第二句相呼应。故A正确。
小题14:D 考察动词辨析。句义：为了让队员有成功的学习经历，教练需要感觉到他能够掌控他的团队。不能让孩子的父母亲接入决定权。Discourage...from...打消...；A保护；B防御；C原谅。故D正确。
小题15:C 考察动词辨析。句义：要不然地话，教练会认为自己好像需要给孩子们更多的时间来取悦他们的父母亲。A帮助；B激励；D责备。根据句义说明C正确。
小题16:B 考察动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指那些孩子实际上并不值得教练给他们更多的时间。与actually相呼应。故B正确。
小题17:D 考察名词辨析。句义：随着青年运动项目竞争不那么激励了，俱乐部的规模却在扩大（on the rise）。由下句的more teens can get an esier access to them可知D正确。
小题18:答案：A 考查动词辨析。句意为：俱乐部提供给(offer)初高中教练们更多他们一直追寻的东西……require要求；seek追求，寻找；preserve保护，均不符合文义，故排除。
小题19:答案：B 考查名词辨析。由文章主题：youth sports和第一段中“the only purpose of sports is to compete...”可知，此处指竞争性在体育运动中还是非常有必要的。故答案B符合文义。
小题20:C 考察形容词辨析。句义：尽管娱乐很重要，但是技能和追求胜利的精神在体育运动中更是有价值的。与文章第一句相呼应。故C正确。 |
举一反三
The triathlon(铁人三项运动) promises to be one of the most popular Olympic sports.Recently it has drawn huge crowds attracted by athletes swimming 1,500m，cycling 40km，then running 10km without stopping.But what makes an attractive 17yearold girl give up everything for the doubtful pleasure it offers?
Melanie Sears has not yet learnt those oftenrepeated phrases about personal satisfaction，mental challenge and higher targets that most athletes use when asked similar questions.“You swim for 1,500m，then run out of the water and jump on your bike，still wet.Of course，then you freeze.When the 40km cycle ride is over，you have to run 10km，which is a long way when you’re feeling exhausted.But it’s great fun，and all worth it in the end，” she says.
Melanie entered her first triathlon at 14 and she won the junior section.Full of confidence，she entered the National Championships，and although she had the second fastest swim and the fastest run，she came nowhere.“I was following this man and suddenly we came to the sea.We realised then that we had gone wrong.I ended up cycling 20 kilometres too far.I cried all the way through the running.”
But she did not give up and was determined that she never will.“Sometimes I wish I could stop，because then the pain would be over，but I am afraid that if I let myself stop just once，I would be tempted(诱惑) to do it again.”Such doggedness draws admiration from Steve Trew，the sport’s director of coaching.“I’ve just been testing her fitness，” he says, “and she worked so hard on the running machine that it finally threw her off and into a wall.She had given it everything，and she just kept on.”
Melanie was top junior in this year’s European Triathlon Championships，finishing 13th.“I was almost as good as the top three in swimming and running，but much slower in cycling.That’s why I’m working very hard at it.” She is trying to talk her longsuffering parents，who will carry the ￡1,300 cost of her trip to New Zealand for this year’s world championships，into buying a ￡2,000 bike，so she can try 25km and 100km races later this year.
But there is another price to pay.“I don’t have a social life，”she says.“After two hours’ hard swimming on Friday night，I just want to go to sleep.But I phone and write to the other girls in the team.” What does she talk about？Boys？Clothes？“No，what sort of times they are achieving.”
小题1:How does Melanie differ from other athletes，according to the writer?| A．She worries less than they do. | | B．She expresses herself differently. | | C．Her family background is not like theirs. | | D．Her aims are different from theirs. |
小题2:What upset Melanie during the National Championships?| A．She was tricked by another competitor. | | B．She felt she had let her teammates down. | | C．She made a mistake during part of the race. | | D．She realized she couldn’t cycle as fast as she thought. |
小题3:What is Melanie trying to persuade her parents to do?| A．Buy an expensive bike for her. | | B．Give her half the cost of a bike. | | C．Let her compete in longer races. | | D．Pay for her to go to New Zealand. |
小题4:What does Melanie say about her relationships with her teammates?| A．She would like to see them more often. | | B．She only discusses the triathlon with them. | | C．She thinks they find her way of life strange. | | D．She dislikes discussing boys or clothes with them. |
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The dark chocolate is one of the favourite food choices by many.The taste is simply irresistible，the smell is tempting and the feel of every bite is surely what you are craving for.
Aside from the taste，you simply cannot resist it because it has a lot of benefits when it comes to your health.Our health is our priority(首要事情) when it comes to the choice of our foods.If you worry that the chocolate is bad for your health then here is a list of the effects of dark chocolate to health especially when taken with the right amount every day.
First of all，it contains a component called flavonoid(类黄酮) which acts as an antioxidant(抗氧化剂)．The_antioxidants_fight_the_common_signs_of_aging.The antioxidants are also good for the heart.Studies have shown that people who ate foods rich in antioxidants have low incidence of heart diseases.
Aside from the antiaging and healthy heart benefits，the dark chocolate can also lower blood pressure and reduce bad cholesterol(胆固醇) to as high as 10%.Lowering of blood pressure in patients of high blood level is good because it will lower the risks of stroke and certain health crisis.Low levels of blood cholesterol are also good for the heart and take away the risk of blood vessels which may harden for too much cholesterol in them.
Lastly，do you know the feeling of being overjoyed after jogging？This feeling is like extreme happiness.Dark chocolates will give you the feeling of pleasure and happiness.If you are feeling that the world has turned against you，then a chocolate can be a mood lifter.It is an antidepressant.Usually when we feel so bad，we would crave to eat more food.If you are looking for something to eat during your bad moments try to take a bite from a dark chocolate and feel good somehow after it.
These are commonly the effects of chocolates to health.It can benefit you especially if taken in moderate amounts.Approximately,100 grams of chocolate or less a day is already enough according to studies.If you have taken too much，try to lessen on your other meals for the day.It is all about nutrition and taking the right amount of food in order to get the health benefits that it can provide to you.
小题1:According to the text，________.| A．many people like the dark chocolate for its taste | | B．the dark chocolate is the best choice for most people | | C．nobody could resist the tempting smell of the dark chocolate | | D．only a bite of the dark chocolate will make you addicted to it |
小题2:The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggests that dark chocolates ________.| A．are the best choices for the aged | | B．are usually used as an antioxidant | | C．can keep you stay young forever | | D．can make you look younger than your real age |
小题3:What can we learn from Paragraph 5?| A．If you are depressed dark chocolates will make you delighted. | | B．If you are feeling bad you will crave to eat dark chocolates. | | C．If you eat some dark chocolates you will get overjoyed. | | D．If you are hungry the best food is dark chocolates. |
小题4:What is the purpose of the author writing this text?| A．To introduce the black chocolate to patients with high blood level. | | B．To encourage us to eat as many chocolates as we can. | | C．To introduce the black chocolate and its health effects. | | D．To increase the sale of the black chocolate. |
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As a nation we are becoming more aware of the food we and our children are eating.The recent campaign to improve school dinners by celebrity(名人) chef Jamie Oliver has helped raise awareness of our fast food lifestyles.While we may be trying to eat more healthily，it seems we still have some bad habits.
•Healthy eaters or just trendy?
Are there certain things that you do and don’t eat and why？With so many food programmes and books telling you what you should and shouldn’t eat to be healthy，it’s hard to make choices.
Some people are vegetarians for moral reasons，some don’t like the taste of meat and there are one or two people who do it because it’s trendy.Likewise，it can be trendy to follow the latest celebrity’s diet because it’s what the famous are doing.
•Eating out
People are eating out more often now，not just on special occasions as in the past.The choice of restaurants has also diversified.Italian，Chinese and Indian restaurants have been around for years but have now been joined by Mongolian，Japanese，Mexican and so on.Bars and pubs are still popular for food and often promote English cuisine made with local produce.
“We enjoy eating out a couple of times every month whether with friends or just as a couple.We like trying new things so we go to different restaurants.” said Craig,25，County Durham.
•Eating on the go
From chocolate bars to sandwiches more people are eating on the go—on the street，in cars or on buses and trains.While our parents and grandparents may frown at this behaviour，considering it to be bad manners，people eat on the go because they are rushing from one place to another.And in the home the number of people sitting down at a dining table for their evening meal is on the decrease as meal times become more informal.
“If I’m running late for work I don’t think twice about eating toast in the car or on the bus but I know my mum wouldn’t approve，” said Stacey,24.
小题1:What can we infer from the text?| A．Our parents think highly of the eating habits mentioned in the text. | | B．We should get rid of the bad habits and try to be healthier. | | C．Japanese restaurants have been around for years. | | D．It’s good for people to eat out more frequently. |
小题2:People find it difficult to decide what to eat to keep healthy because ________.| A．different programmes and books have different ideas about healthy eating | | B．there are many celebrities having different diet styles | | C．what the famous are doing is different from ours | | D．they have some bad eating habits |
小题3:The underlined word “diversified” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．| A．made a great change | | B．made a big difference | | C．had a rapid increase | | D．had a wide variety |
小题4:Craig often goes to different restaurants because ________.| A．he likes trying new things | | B．he follows the latest celebrity diet | | C．he enjoys the meal with his friends | | D．he has more special occasions to celebrate |
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Feel tired lately?Has a doctor said he can’t find anything wrong with you?Perhaps he sends you to a hospital,but all the advanced equipment there shows there is nothing wrong with you.
Then,consider this:you might be in a state of sub-health(亚健康).
Sub-health,also called the third state or gray state,is explained as borderline state between health and disease.
According to the investigation by the National Organization,over 45 percent of sub-health people are middle-aged or elderly.The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam-week.
Symptoms(征兆)include a lack of energy,depression,slow reactions,insomnia(失眠),agitation, and poor memory.Other symptoms include shortness of breath,sweating and aching in the waist and legs.
The key to preventing and recovering from sub-health,according to some medical experts,is to form good living habits, alternate work and rest, exercise regularly,and take part in open air activities.
As for meals,people are advised to eat less salt and sugar.They should also eat more fresh vegetables,fruits,fish because they are rich in nutritional elements—vitamins and trace elements(微量元素)—that are important to the body.
Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract(消化道).They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding sub-health.
小题1:When you are in a state of sub-health,you should ________.| A．stay home and keep silent | | B．go to a doctor and buy some medicine | | C．not consider it very serious | | D．find out the reasons and relax yourself |
小题2:Middle-aged people may be easy to get sub-health because ________.| A．they have used up their energy | | B．they have lost their living hopes | | C．they have more pressure in life and work | | D．they have changed their way of life |
小题3:The key to preventing you from falling into a state of sub-health is to ________.| A．keep on working regularly | B．go to sleep a bit earlier | | C．form good living habits | D．take medicine if necessary |
小题4:The underlined word “alternate” in this passage is closest in meaning to ________.| A．arrange by turns | B．cause to take place | | C．make up for | D．keep away from |
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When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it’s amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don’t the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.
It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.
Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally – admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.
小题1:It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s opinion of nowadays’ human beings is | A．not very high. | B．high. | | C．contemptuous. | D．critical. |
小题2:The main idea of this passage is | A．vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law. | | B．people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence. | | C．to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports. | | D．people are bloodthirsty in sports. |
小题3:That the author mentions the old Romans is| A．To compare the old Romans with today’s people. | | B．to give an example. | | C．to show human beings in the past know nothing better. | | D．to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty. |
小题4:.How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage?| A．Three. | B．Five. | | C．Six. | D．Seven. |
小题5:The purpose of the author in writing this passage is| A．that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve our selves. | | B．that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law. | | C．that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system. | | D．to show law is the main instrument of social change. |
Vocabulary
relish 从……获得乐处，享受
orgy 狂欢，放纵
arena 竞技场，活动或斗争的场所
blood-thirsty 残忍的，嗜血的
bear-baiting 逗熊游戏
bull-fight 斗牛
batter 猛击，连续地猛打/捶，乱打
pulp 成纸浆，成软块
burst into flames 突然燃烧起来/着火
grim 令人窒息的，简陋的
coop up 把……关起来
难句译注
bear-baiting 逗熊游戏。这是一种十六、十七世纪流行于英国的游戏――驱狗去咬绑着的熊，很残忍，后被禁止。
…two men batter each other to pulp in the boxing ring.
【结构简析】batter one to pulp =" beat" one to a pulp 狠揍某人，打瘫某人
【参考译文】两个人在拳击场内彼此狠揍，知道一个人被打倒在地，爬不起来。
…unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames.
【参考译文】眼见一辆或多辆赛车相互撞击，突然烧起来而无动于衷。
A world heavy weight championship match is front page news.
【参考译文】世界重量级冠军赛总是头版头条新闻。
写作方法与文章大意
作者采取先对比、后分析的写作手法。先是今人和古罗马人对暴虐体育上对此两者都欣赏。后者坦率成人“欣赏暴力体育”，前者施以各种接口、实际都是嗜血成性者。第二段进一步剖析今人欣赏暴虐体育的种种实例，最后指出改善“暴虐”的根本嗜为改善法律采取积极的步骤，法律才能施以巨大的文明影响，否则人类很难改变。 |
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