When you close your eyes and try to think of the shape of your own body, what yo

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When you close your eyes and try to think of the shape of your own body, what you imagine (or rather, what you feel) is quite different from what you see when you open your eyes and look in the mirror. The image you feel is much vaguer（模糊的） than the one you see. And if you lie still, it is quite hard to imagine yourself as having any particular size or shape.
When you move, when you feel the weight of your arms and legs and the natural resistance of the objects around you, the “felt” image of yourself starts to become clearer. It is almost as if it were created by your own actions and the feelings they cause.
The image you create for yourself has rather strange proportions（部分）; certain parts feel much larger than they look. If you get a hole in one of your teeth, it feels enormous; you are often surprised by how small it looks when you inspect it in the mirror.
Although the “felt” image may not have the shape you see in the mirror, it is much more important. It is the image through which you recognize your physical existence in the world. In spite of its strange proportions, it is all one piece, and since it has a consistent(前后一致的) right and left and atop and bottom, it allows you to locate new feelings when they occur. It allows you to find your nose in the dark and point to a pain.
If the felt image is damaged for any reason—if it is cut in half or lost as it often is after certain strokes （中风）which wipe out recognition of one entire side –these tasks become almost impossible. What is more, it becomes hard to make sense of one’s own visual appearance. If one half of the “felt” image is wiped out or injured, the patient stops recognizing the affected part of his body. It is hard for him to find the location of feelings on that side, and, although he feels the doctor’s touch, he locates it as being on the undamaged side.
小题1:According to the passage the “felt” image the mirror image.

A．is precisely the same as	B．is as clear as
C．often differens from	D．is always much smaller than

小题2:Which the following staterants is NOT true?

A．The felt Image is much more important because it helps you locate new feelings.

B．When you are in bed with your eyes closed, it is not easy to imagine your image.

C．When you move, the “felt” image of yourself starts to become clearer.

D．The “felt” image is not so important as the mirror image.

小题3:If a man loses the ability to recognize his right side, .

A．he can’t locate the doctor’s touch on his left side

B．he can’t locate the doctor’s touch on his right side

C．he loses his sense of touch on the left side

D．he loses feeling on both sides

小题4:What is this passage mainly about?

A．Stroke victims’“felt” images	B．Stroke victims’ mirror images.
C．The importance of “felt” images	D．The importance of mirror images.

答案

小题1:C
小题1:D
小题1:B
小题1:C

解析

略

举一反三

More and more scientific experiments prove that physical exercise can reduce the dangers of some illnesses in middle-aged persons．Exercise strengthens the heart muscle，reduces blood pressure and help to prevent muscles from changing into fat．Physical exercise is just as important for children．
Exercise and food affect growing speed in young lab animals．Baby mice start running as soon as they are big enough to use an exercise wheel in their cage．If they get extra food and run a lot，they will grow as much as 1.5 times bigger than normal．
The same differences in growing speed might be found between active and inactive children．Physical exercise helps active children grow faster than inactive children．One experiment shows that the brains of the mice that had enough exercise weighed about 3％more than those of the mice that did not exercise The mice that exercised are much quicker to learn doing new exercise than the mice that did not exercise．
The results of the experiments suppose the theory that exercise can help babies learn to talk and walk sooner than expected．
The good effects of physical exercise are not limited to children and middle-aged people．Exercise continues to be an important part of our lives after we grow old．For example，people over 50 years old begin to lose calcium(钙) from their bones，which get weaker and can break easily．Physical exercise，however，helps to strengthen the bones and to prevent them from losing calcium．Of course，old people can take medicines to prevent themselves from suffering from losing calcium．But the medicines they take increase the chance of developing some kind of cancer(癌)．So physical exercise is a much safer treatment(治疗)．
小题1:From the passage we know that .

A．mice need to eat more and exercise more

B．children need more exercise than other people

C．old people like to take medicine to treat their illnesses

D．middle-aged people are easy to get fat

小题2:Active children than inactive children．

A．enjoy walking more

B．are cleverer and healthier

C．are stronger but more foolish

D．are cleverer but weaker

小题3:Why are the bones of old people easy to break according to the passage?

A．Because they are easy to become ill．

B．Because they eat less than other people．

C．Because they have less exercise than other people．

D．there is less calcium in their bones than in those of other people．

小题4:The passage tells people that .

A．only middle-aged persons can benefit from physical exercise

B．physical exercise can do good to both the middle-aged and children

C．people of different ages can all benefit from physical exercise

D．physical exercise is the safest treatment for losing calcium

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Many of us believe that a person’s mind becomes less active as he grows older．But this is not true，according to Dr．Lissy F．Jarvik，professor of psychiatry(精神病学)at the University of California，Los Angeles，and a board member of the New Center for Aging at the Veterans Hospital．She has studied the mental functioning of aging persons for several years.For example，one of her studies concerns 136 pairs of twins, who were first examined when they were already 60 years old．As Dr．Jarvik continued the study of the twins into their 70s and 80s，their minds did not generally decline(下降)as was expected．
However，there was some decline in their psycho-motor(精神运动的)speed． This means that it took them longer to accomplish mental tasks than it used to．But when speed was not a factor，they lost very little intellectual (智力的) ability over the years.In general，Dr．Jarvik’s studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability．This is true not only into the 30s and 40s，but into the 60s and 70s as well．
As for learning new things，and ability to remember，studies by Dr．Jarvik and others show that the old are equal to the young．It is true that older people themselves often complain that their memory is not as good as it once was．However，much of what we call“loss of memory”is not that at a11．
In the cases where the older person’s mind really seems to decline，it is not necessarilv a sign of a decay due to becoming old or“senility”．Often it is simply a sign of a depressed emotional state．This depression usually can be got rid of by counseling(咨询)with a psychologist，or medicine which fights depression.
In American society，when an older person loses something，we tend to call him or her“senile”．But notice that when a younger person loses something，he does not blame it on senility or loss of memory．He finds some other excuse!
小题1:A long-term study of 136 pairs of twins showed that the only factor that declined over the years was .

A．mental health	B．intellectual ability
C．the amount of knowledge	D．psycho-motor speed

小题2:According to Dr．Jarvik’s studies，middle-aged and older persons should expect to .

A．reason better	B．learn fewer new things
C．remember less	D．1ose little ability to remember

小题3:The word“senility”most likely means .

A．excellent health	B．weakness in body and mind because of old age
C．occasional forgetfulness	D．giving up one’s life

小题4:Both younger and older persons should realize that .

A．a sign of a decay due to old age or“senility’’is a common thing

B．older persons are wiser than younger ones because of different knowledge amount

C．senility or mental decay due to aging is much less common than most of us believe

D．a sign of a depressed emotional state is not a reason of decay

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根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
__小题1:__ Scientists and experts have proved the uniqueness of finger-prints and discovered that no exactly similar pattern is passed on from parents to children, though nobody knows why this is the cas

e.
The ridge(隆起) structure on a person’s fingers does not change with growth and is not affected by surface injuries. Burns, cuts and other damage to the outer part of the skin will be replaced in time by new one, which bears a reproduction of the original pattern. __小题2:_ Some criminals make use of this fact to remove their own finger-prints but this is a dangerous and rare step to take.
Finger-prints can be made very easily with printer’s ink. They can be recorded easily. __小题3:_ Because of the simplicity and economy of this system, finger-prints have often been used as a method of solving criminal case. A suspected man may deny a charge but this may be in vain. __小题4:_ When a suspect leaves finger-prints behind at the scene of a crime, they are difficult to detect(察觉) with the naked eye. __小题5:__ Some of the marks found are incomplete but identification is possible if a print of a quarter of an inch square can be obtained.

A．Special techniques are used to “develop” them.

B．A fingerprint is an impression of the friction ridges of all part of the finger.

C．It is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement will be destroyed.

D．With special methods, identification can be achieved successfully within a short time.

E. A latent(潜在的) print is the chance reproduction of the friction ridges deposited on the surface of an item.
F. His finger-prints can prove who he is even if his appearance has been changed by age or accident.
G. Every human being has a unique arrangement of the skin on his fingers and this arrangement is unchangeable.

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Paragraph 1
Scientists have learned a lot about the kinds of food people need. They say that there are several kinds of food that people should eat every day. They are: (1) green and yellow vegetables of all kinds. (2) citrus(柑桔) fruits and tomatoes; (3) potatoes and other fruits and vegetables; (4) meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; (5) milk and foods made from milk; (6) bread or cereal(谷类), rice is also in this kind of food; (7) butter, or something like butter.
Paragraph 2
People in different countries and different places of the world eat different kinds of things. Foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways. People in different countries eat at different times of the day. In some places people eat once or twice a day; in other countries people eat three or four times a day. Scientists say that none of the differences is really important. It doesn’t matter whether foods are eaten raw or cooked, canned or frozen. It doesn’t matter if a person eats dinner at 4 o’clock in the afternoon or at eleven o’clock at night. The important thing is what you eat every day.
Paragraph 3
There are two problems, then, in feeding the large number of people on earth. The first is to find some ways to feed the world’s population so that no one is hungry.The second is to make sure that people everywhere have the right kinds of food to make them grow to be strong and healthy.
小题1:According to the scientists, which of the following groups of food is the healthiest for your lunch?

A．chicken, apples, cereal, cabbages	B．potatoes, carrots, rice, bread
C．oranges, bananas, fish, tomatoes	D．beef, pork, fish, milk

小题2:It is important for people to eat _______.

A．three times a day	B．dinner at twelve o’clock
C．cooked food all the day	D．something from each of the seven kinds of food every day

小题3:People in different countries and different places of the world _______.

A．has the right kinds of food to eat	B．cooks their food in the same way
C．has their meals at the same time	D．eat food in different ways

小题4:If there is Paragraph 4, what do you think is going to be talked about?

A．When people eat their lunch	B．What to do with the two problems
C．How to cook food in different ways	D．Why people eat different kinds of food

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Psychology(心理学) has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. In large hospitals, modern therapy（疗法） seems to focus on the physical disease. Patients may feel they are treated like broken machines. Some doctors have recognized this as a problem. They are now using psychological therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine. The patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight.
The doctor knows that a disease affects a patient"s body physically. The body of the patient changes because of the disease. He is not only physically affected, but also has an emotional response to the disease. Because his mind is affected, his attitude and behavior change. The medical treatment might cure the patient"s physical problems, but the patient"s mind must fight the emotional ones. For example, the studies of one doctor, Carl Simonton, M. D., have shown that a typical cancer patient has predictable attitudes. She typically feels depressed, upset, and angry. Her constant depression makes her acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctors, and nurses. Such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery. Therefore, a doctor"s treatment must help the patient change that. Simonton"s method emphasizes treatment of the “whole” patient.
The attitude of a cancer patient receiving radiation therapy, an X-ray treatment, can become more positive. The physician who is following Simonton"s psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor（肿瘤） in the body. In the mental picture, the patient "sees" a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy. The patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink. For another cancer patient, Dr. Simonton asks him to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells. The patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying and his blood carry away the dead cells. Both the medical therapy and the patient"s positive attitude fight the disease.
Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works. However, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change. They become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease.
Another application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of suggestion therapy. At first, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply. The patient thinks only about one thing. He becomes so unaware of other things around him that he is asleep, or rather in a trance（催眠状态）. Then the physician makes “a suggestion” to the patient about the medical problem. The patient"s mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance. In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment.
Doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. For example, physicians have used suggestion to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, sometimes the adult patient worries about her illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well. The right suggestions may help the patient to stop being anxious. Such treatment may help the patient with a chronic（慢性的）diseases. Asthma （哮喘） is an example of a chronic disorder. Asthma is a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in

breathing. The patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs. Psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. After suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily.
Physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children. Children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it. For example, Dr. Basil R. Collison has worked with 121 asthmatic children in Sydney, Australia, and had good results. Twenty-five of the children had Excellent results. They were able to breathe more easily, and they did not need medication. Another forty-three were also helped. The symptoms of the asthma occurred less frequently, and when they did, they were not as strong. Most of the children also felt better about themselves. Doctors have also used suggestion to change habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related problems.
Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology and that psychology has important applications in med

icine.
小题1:What does the passage mainly discuss?

A．How suggestion therapy benefits adults and children.

B．How modern therapy focuses on the disease.

C．Responses from the medical world.

D．How to use the mind against disease.

小题2:How does psychological therapy work?

A．The patient waits for the medicine and treatment to cure him.

B．The doctor uses medical treatment to cure the patient"s problems.

C．The doctor,

the medicine, and the patient work together to fight disease.

D．The patient uses his mind to cure himself.

小题3:What can we learn from the studies of Carl Simonton, M. D.?
A. The medical treatment can cure the patient"s mental disease.
B. The treatment of a patient by treating the body and the mind is necessary.
C. The mental treatment is more important than medical treatment.
D. Few patients have emotional response to the disease.
小题4:The use of psychological therapy is helpful to some patients in that .

A．the medical effect is better with psychological therapy than without it

B．the patients can see a powerful beam of radiation hitting their tumor cells

C．the patients" attitudes towards themselves have changed

D．the patients are easy to accept the methods the doctors use to treat them

小题5:It can be learned from the passage that suggestion therapy cannot be used to .

A．help adults deal with the strong pain of some diseases

B．help the patients with chronic diseases

C．help change some bad habits

D．help cure patients of insomnia（失眠症）

小题6:According to the passage, which of the following remains unknown so far?

A．The value of mental therapy.

B．The effectiveness of suggestion therapy.

C．The working principle of suggestion therapy.

D．The importance of psychology in medical treatment.

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