Just five minutes of exercise a day outdoors can improve mental health, accord

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Just five minutes of exercise a day outdoors can improve mental health, according to a study.
Researchers from the University of Essex, UK have found that a

s little as five minutes of a “green activity” such as walking, gardening, cycling or farming could help to improve mood and increase self-esteem (自信).
Many studies have shown that outdoor exercise can reduce the risk of mental illness and improve a sense of well-being, but the new study, led by Jules Pretty and Jo Barton, was the first to determine how much time needed to be spent on green exercise for the benefits to show.
Barton and Pretty looked at data from 1,252 people of different ages, genders (性别) and mental health status (情况) taken from 10 studies in Britain.
They analyzed their different outdoor activities including walking, gardening, cycling, fishing, boating, horse-riding and farming in locations such as a park, garden or nature trail (路径).
They found that the mental health changes were seen after just five minutes. With longer periods of time exercising in a green environment, the positive effects were more apparent.
Looking at men and women of different ages, the researchers found the health changes

were particularly strong in the young and the mentally ill.
Green and blue
A bigger effect was seen with exercise in an area that also contained water – such as a lake or river.
“This is because historically we are drawn to water to survive and it is

in our genetic (遗传的) make-up to be at one with nature,” the researchers wrote in their report.
Pretty said those who were generally inactive, or stressed, or with mental illness would probably benefit the most from “green exercise”.
“Employers, for example, could encourage staff in stressful workplaces to take a short walk at lunchtime in the nearest park to improve mental health.”
He also said exercise programs outdoors could benefit youth offenders.
小题1:How is the study this article refers to different from other studies?

A．It involved more people.

B．It took longer to finish the research.

C．It determined the exact amount of time needed.

D．It was led by just two researchers.

小题2: What can we conclude from the findings of the study?

A．Just five minutes of “green exercise” daily can help improve mental health.

B．Gardeners and farmers do not need “green exercise”.

C．Walking in a park with a lake will weaken the effect.

D．“Green exercise” is not suitable for the mentally ill.

小题3:. According to Pretty, _______ would probably benefit the most from “green exercise”.

A．stressed, inactive people	B．office workers
C．youth offenders	D．women and children

小题4: What is th

e main problem discussed in this article?

A．Physical well-being.	B．Outdoor exercise.
C．Mental illness.	D．Harmony with nature.

答案

小题1:C小题1:A小题1:A小题1:B

解析

略

举一反三

Healthy eating habits are one of the most important lessons a child learns. Parents can make a plan of action for each child’s nutritional needs.
Creating healthy habits
Breakfast is necessary to provide the nutrition and energy for an active day. Studies show that children do better in school when they begin the day with breakfast.
Include your child as much as possible in meal planning and preparation. He is more likely to eat food that he has helped put on the table. Cooking at home and at school encourages curiosity and motivation to try new foods.
The mealtime enviroment has a lot to do with how your child will feel about food. Try to keep the time and location of your meals consistent. Keep the meal itself as the main event by reserving the use of toys, telephone calls and television for later.
Help them regard food such as fruit as being important every day, and other food such as chips as being an occasional treat. Prepare food in a variety of ways.
Snacks
Snacks provide necessary energy for children between meals. Be sure to have plenty of healthy snack choices such as fruit and yogurt available at these times. Snacks should not replace a meal but provide a valuable supplement.
小题1:The passage is written mainly to

A．teach children to develop good eating habits.

B．exchange ideas with experienced parents

C．learn about children’s food preferrences

D．offer parents some useful suggestions

小题2:A child is more likely to try new foods

A．when he spends time with other children

B．if he helps prepare the food himself

C．after he has had an active day

D．when he has no snacks

小题3:The underlined word “reserving” most probably means

A．putting into

B．calling for

C．talking about

D．setting aside

小题4:What would be the best title for the passage?

A．You are what you eat

B．Cook dinner for your child

C．Healthy eating for kids

D．Pleasure in everyday meals

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Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a series of discomfort for their fellows. Medical scientists have expressed their concern about effect of smoking on the health not only of those who smoke but also those who do not smoke. In fact, non-smokers who take in the air polluted by tobacco smoke suffer more than the smokers themselves. A great number of students are trying to persuade the university to forbid smoking in classrooms. Believe they are completely right in their aim. However, I think it more important to achieve this by calling on the smokers to use good judgment and to show concern for others. Smoking is not allowed in theaters, cinemas and in other public places. Therefore, smoking must be forbidden in our classroom. Although many people have passed away for having smoked a lot and we call on people to give up smoking, yet many more that are following will turn down what we say every day, above all, the young people smoke a lo

t more.
小题1: In the writer’s opinion, smoking does good to ________.

A．nobody

B．some people

C．smokers

D．young people

小题2: The phrase “pass away” probably means ________.

A．leave one’s home

B．lose one’s life

C．pass by

D．go away

小题3:According to the selection, which of the following is true?

A．Smokers suffer from the polluted air more than the non-smokers.

B．Non-smokers suffer from the polluted air more than the smokers.

C．Non-smokers suffer as much from the polluted air as the smokers.

D．Non-smokers don’t suffer so much from the polluted air as the smokers.

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The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet, including a variety of fruits and green vegetables. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet, say that when trying to lose weight, that it is necessary to make special provisions to supply the missing vitamins.
　　An example of the dangers of a restricted diet may be seen in the disease known as “beri-beri”, which used to make large numbers of Eastern people who lived mainly on rice suffer. In the early years of last century, a Dutch scientist named Eijkman was trying to discover the cause of beri-beri. At first he thought it was transmitted（传播）by a germ（病菌）. He was working in a Japanese hospital, where the patients were fed on polished rice which had had the outer coverings removed from the grain. It was thought this would be easier for weak and sick people to digest.
　　Eijkman thought his germ theory was proved when he noticed the chickens in the hospital yard, which were fed on remains from the patients’ plates, were also showing signs of the disease. He then tried to separate the germ, which he thought was causing the disease, but his experiments were interrupted by a hospital official, who ordered that the rice without coverings, even though left over by the patients, was too good for chickens. It should be recooked for the patients, and the chickens should be fed on cheap, rough rice with the outer coverings still on the grain.
　　Eijkman noticed that the chickens began to recover on the new diet. He began to consider the possibility that eating unmilled rice（糙米）somehow prevented or cured beri-beri — even that a lack of some ingredient（成分）in the coverings may be the cause of the disease. Indeed this was the case. The element needed to prevent beri-beri was shortly afterwards separated from rice coverings and is now known as vitamin B. The milled rice, though more expensive, was in fact causing the disease the hospital was trying to cure. Nowadays, this terrible disease is much less common thanks to our knowledge of vitamins.
小题1:According to the passage, a good mixed diet ________.

A．is suitable for losing weight	B．should be only fruits and vegetables
C．normally contains enough vitamins	D．is often difficult to arrange

小题2:What do we know about the disease beri-beri?

A．It killed large numbers of people.	B．It resulted from lack of vitamins.
C．It was transmitted by milled rice.	D．It was caused by diseased chickens.

小题3:What can be the best title of the passage?

A．A Good Mixed Diet	B．New Discovery
C．The Dangers of Beri-beri	D．The Importance of Vitamins

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Good posture certainly shows good health. It also adds to a body’s energy and beauty. The body is not handsome when the back is bent and neck thrusts forward. Bad posture suggests the impression t

hat a person is tired, lacking in energy, bored, or weak. Tiredness may sometimes be the cause of bad posture. Most often, however, it is due to careless and poor health habits. Whatever it causes, bad posture affects one physically. The muscles are stretched and pulled into unnatural positions, which can lead to poor base of the body’s various systems.
Nutrition is the study of how the body takes food and uses it. This science provides information about the kinds of food a person must eat to improve and maintain good health. Such knowledge helps him develop and form people habits to his problems of healthful living. People habits of nutrition can be developed by paying attention to: (1) the variety of food included in the diet; (2) the quality of each kind of food eaten. A diet, or the food regularly eaten, must contain all the necessary factors.
Many physicians believe that overweight is one of the greatest dangers to good health. This condition often leads to a shorter life. An overweight person is also easier to suffer disease, and various disorders of the digestive system. A person’s weight directly has something to do with the amounts of food he eats.
All foods can make a person fat if too much is eaten. In reducing, the safe weight loss is about two pounds a week. The sensible way to lose weight is to decrease the gaining starchy(含淀粉的) foods, fats and sweets in the diet.
小题1: According to this passage, which of the following is suggested about the good health habits?

A．Good way of holding your body.	B．Balanced food.
C．Right body weight.	D．All of the above

小题2: According to this passage, bad posture is most probably caused by_______.

A．tiredness, boredom and weakness	B．lack of energy
C．carelessness and poor health habits	D．overworking and illness

小题3:Which of the following eating habits is NOT proper in terms of maintaining good health?

A．Vegetables, meat and water only

B．A suitable quantity of each kind of food

C．Fats being part of diet.

D．Various foods included in the diet

小题4: We can infer from the statement “all foods can make a person fat if too much is eaten” that___.

A．to lose weight you had better eat properly for daily meals

B．the most effective way to lose weight is to have no fat and sweet

C．even vegetables can make you put on weight, so there is no need to have fat and sweet.

D．a shorter life is a sure result of overweight

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Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia （痴呆） in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones （荷尔蒙） , U.S. researchers reported on Thursday.
Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better

in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer’s （早老痴呆症）. University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.
“Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy are protecting the brain, including estrogen （雌激素）, which we know has many neuroprotective （保护神经的） effects,” Kinsley said.
“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals,” he added in a telephone interview. “The

y go through pregnancy and hormonal changes.”
Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer’s and other forms of age-related brain decline.
“When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down,” said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida.
“They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain. If you look at female animals who have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young. But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant—that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations （改变） to the brain.”
小题1: How do scientists know “Motherhood may make women smarter”?

A．Some researchers have told them.

B．Many women say so.

C．They know it by experimenting on rats.

D．They know it through their own experience.

小题2: What does the phrase “litters of pups” mean in the second paragraph?

A．Baby rats.

B．Animals.

C．Old rats.

D．Grown-up rats.

小题3: What can protect the brain of a woman according to the passage?

A．Estrogen.	B．The hormones of pregnancy.
C．More exercise.	D．Taking care of children.

小题4:“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals.” What does the sentence suggest?

A．The experiments on the rats have nothing to do with humans.

B．The experiments on the rats are very important for animals.

C．The experiments on the rats are much the same on humans.

D．The experiments on the rats are much the same on other animals.

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