CANBERRA (Reuters Life!) - Think twice before eating those dropped crumbs off yo
题型：不详难度：来源：
CANBERRA (Reuters Life!) - Think twice before eating those dropped crumbs off your computer keyboard -- you might as well be eating off a toilet seat, according to a new study on the amount of germs on keyboards.
A study by British "Which? Computing" asked a microbiologist to examine for bugs on 33 keyboards in a typical London office, a toilet seat and a toilet door handle.
Four keyboards were judged potential health hazards and the microbiologist recommended the removal of one keyboard as it had 150 times the pass limit of bacteria -- five times filthier than the swabbed toilet seat.
"Most people don"t give much thought to the grime that builds up on their PC, but if you don"t clean your computer, you might as well eat your lunch off the toilet," said Sarah Kidner, the consumer magazine editor of "Which? Computing" in a statement.
The study found that eating lunch at desks is the main cause of a bug-infested keyboard. Dropped crumbs and food encourages the growth of millions of bacteria.
Poor personal hygiene, such as not washing hands after going to the toilet, may also add to the dirtiness of keyboards.
But despite the health hazard of a dirty keyboard, a survey of 4,000 people by the magazine found one in 10 people ever cleaned their keyboard while another two in 10 never cleaned their mouse.
Almost half -- or 46 per cent -- cleaned their keyboard less than once a month.
To clear out bugs, the magazine recommends users unplug keyboards, turn them upside down and shake them.
小题1:The purpose of the passage is .| A．tell us something about the keyboards. | | B．warn people to clean the keyboards often. | | C．tell us how to clean the keyboard | | D．tell us the germs on keyboards |
小题2:What do you think the expression “Think twice before eating those dropped crumbs off your computer keyboard” stands for?| A．Think several times before eating beside your computer | | B．Don’t drop foods onto the computer keyboard. | | C．Don’t eat foods dropped onto the computer keyboard. | | D．Be careful when you are eating by the computer. |
小题3:What are the main causes of a bug-infested keyboard?| A．Dropped crumbs and food encourages the growth of millions of bacteria. | | B．Poor personal hygiene | | C．Much dirt on the computer keyboard. | | D．Dropped crumbs and food and Poor personal hygiene |
小题4:"Which? Computing" is probably a name of . | A．An organization | B．a newspaper | | C．a report | D．a magazine |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:D |
解析
小题1:主旨大意题。从全文可知，作者建议人们注意键盘清洁。
小题2:词义猜测题。由下文可知，下文讲了键盘很脏。
小题3:细节理解题。从文中第五、六段可知。
小题4:细节理解题。从“…Kidner, the consumer magazine editor of "Which? Computing" in a statement.”可知。 |
举一反三
Childhood is a happy time, right? Not necessarily. Consider these facts.
Depression(抑郁症) may occur in as many as 1 in 33 children.
Once a child has an episode(一段情节) of depression, he or she has a 50 percent chance of experiencing another episode in the next 5 years.
Suicide(自***) is the 6th leading cause of death for 5–to–15-year-olds.
If your child experiences 5 or more of these signs or symptoms(症状) for at least 2 weeks, he or she may be experiencing depression or another mental illness.
Feeling——Does your child demonstrate:
Sadness Emptiness
Hopelessness Guilt
Worthlessness
Lack of enjoyment in everyday pleasures
| Thinking ——Is your child having trouble:
Concentrating Making decisions
Completing schoolwork
Maintaining grades
Maintaining friendships
| Physical problems—Does your child complain of :
Headaches Stomachaches
Lack of energy
Sleeping problems ( too much or too little)
Weight or appetite changes ( gain or loss)
| Suicide risk--Does your child talk or think about:
Suicide
Death
Other morbid （生病的）subjects
| Behavior problems ——Is your child:
Irritable Not wanting to go to school
Wanting to be alone most of the time Having difficulty getting along with others
Cutting classes or skipping school Dropping out of sports, hobbies or other activities
Drinking alcohol or using drugs.
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Sometimes, a child who causes problems at school or at home may actually be depressed, according to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. If you think your child may be depressed, it’s important to have your child treated. Discuss your child’s problems with his or her doctor. The doctor may suggest a referral to a children’s psychologist(心理医生)or psychiatrist（精神病医生）.
Treatment may include individual and family therapy(治疗), along with an antidepressant medication (抗抑郁药)
小题1:This article is particularly written for ____.| A．parents | B．teachers | C．children | D．psychologists |
小题2: Which statement describes a child who may have physical problems?| A．The child is always in high mood. | | B．The child always feels tired but sleeps only four hours a day. | | C．The child hates to study. | | D．The child can not concentrate on one thing for a long period. |
小题3: When your child always talks about death or other morbid subjects, he or she___| A．may has trouble in thinking | B．may have suicide risk | | C．may have behavior problems | D．may have physical problems |
小题4:What should we do when we find our kids experiencing depression?| A．Ask for leave to accompany them at home. | | B．Ask them to take antidepressant immediately. | | C．Go to see the doctor. | | D．Ask them to have a good rest. |
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Drinking small amount of hard Japanese rice wine apparently never hurt 114-year-old Kamato Hongo.She is now the world’s oldest living person, according to Guinness World Records.
“Hongo inherited（继承）the title Monday after the death of the previous record holder, Maud Farris-Luse ,of Coldwater , Mich.,”the record-keeping company said on its website.Farris-Luse was 115 years and 56 days old then.
“Hongo, born on Sept .16,1887, was raised on a farm and counts drinking Japanese rice wine among her favorite things ─ along with black salt, pork ,sashimi（生鱼片）and green tea,”according to Guinness. “She also likes traditional Japanese dancing.”
“The key is not storing up stress,”said her 45-year-old grandson Tsuyoshi Kurauchi. “If you do that, you can eat or drink anything.”
“Hongo mothered seven children, more than 20 grandchildren, and even outlived her eldest daughter, who died two years ago while in her 90s,”according to Kurauchi, who described Hongo as a “warm, caring grandmother”.
She lived in a nursing home in Kagoshima, a city about 615 miles southwest of Tokyo on the island of Kyushu, which has reputation for record-breaking longevity among its residents.
Hongo was born in the nearby town of Isen, home to the late Shigechiyo Izumi, who also held the Guinness record as the world’s oldest person. He died in 1986 at the age of 120.
Recently , another Kyushu resident was regarded as the world’s oldest man. Retired silkworm farmer Yukichi Chuganji graduated into the spot on Jan . 4 with the death of his predecessor, Antonio Todde of Italy. Chuganji turns 113 on Saturday.
There are an estimated 15,000 Japanese over the age of 100, and women make up about 80 percent of the total.
小题1:The sentence “The key is not storing up stress.”in Paragraph 4 means “ ___________”.| A．The most important is to mind everything that has been done. | | B．The most important is to forget the unpleasant things. | | C．The most important is to reduce the heavy load of learning and work. | | D．The most important is to remember what brings you unhappiness. |
小题2:Who is considered to be the world’s oldest man alive in the passage?| A．Maud Farris-Luse. | B．Shigechiyo Izumi. | | C．Yukichi Chuganji. | D．Kamato Hongo. |
小题3:Which of the following is not true about Kamato Hongo?| A．She is the world’s oldest person alive. | | B．She loves drinking Japanese rice wine. | | C．She is fond of traditional Japanese dancing. | | D．She cares about everything that happens around her. |
小题4: The passage mainly talks about ___________________ .| A．the fact that women are living longer than men | | B．something about the Japanese oldest living lady | | C．the fact that Kagoshima is famous for longevity | | D．the secret of living longer |
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Brian Walker chews pens. He bites them so hard that his boss has warned him to stop or buy his own. Kate’s weakness is more acceptable-she is unable to walk past a cake shop without overeating Sophin Cartier finds her cigarette habit a headache, while Alice’s thumb-sucking drives her boy friend crazy. Four people with very different habits, but they all share a common problem anxiety disorder or, in serious cases. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
From nail-biting to too much hand-washing, overeating and internet addiction（上瘾）,OCD is widespread in almost every workplace and countless home. “It is a relatively common form of anxiety,” says Dr. Mootee. “The main feature of OCD is the repetition of unwanted obsessive（过度的） thoughts such as worries that doors are left unlocked , gas or electrical appliances are left on.” In order to fight against the an esasy checking door locks and gas or electrical appliances.
Dr. Mootee says that repetitive washing, particularly of the hands, is the most common type of OCD. She has treated many patients who wash their hands up to 30 times a day. The technique Mootee uses to treat people with OCD is called cognitive-behavioral therapy（认知行为疗法）.“It is based on the general idea that people have the ability to change the way they think and behave,” says Mootee.
But when does a habit become a problem? “It’s personal,” says Mootee.“Everyone has something unusual, but if you can’t put up with it, then it’s a problem and you need to do something to change it.”Mootee says many people resist for treatment because they fear they are “crazy”. But as people become more knowledgeable about these problems they will go and get help. The only way to cure is to conquer
小题1:If a person suffers from OCD, be is likely to keep doing any of the following EXCEPT .| A．chewing pens | B．hurting himself | | C．sucking fingers | D．biting nails |
小题2:According to the passage, a person suffering from OCD .| A．reduces his/her anxiety by taking drugs | | B．gets into unwanted habits to relieve stress | | C．has unwanted thoughts about habits | | D．has unwanted thoughts because of illness |
小题3:Dr. Mootee’s treating lechnique is based ont eh idea that .| A．everyone has something different | | B．people can put up with their problems | | C．people can change their way of thinking and action | | D．people tend to repeat their obsessive actions |
小题4:By saying “The only way to cure is to conquer.” Dr. Mootee suggests that an OCD sufferer .| A．has to be an extraordinary person | | B．must cure his illness by himself | | C．must overcome many physical illnesses | | D．should have a right attitude towards the problem |
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In real life, the daily struggles between parents and children are around these narrow problems of an extra hour, extra TV show, and so on” said Avi Sadeh, psychology professor at Tel Aviv University. “Too little sleep and more accidents,” he said.
Sadeh and his colleagues found an extra hour of sleep can make a big difference. The children who slept longer, although they woke up more frequently during the night, scored higher on tests, Sadeh reported in the March/April issue of journal Child Development.
“When the children slept longer, their sleep quality was somewhat weak, but in spite of this their performance for study improved because the extra sleep was more significant than the reduction in sleep quality. ” Sadeh said. “Some studies suggested that lack of sleep as a child affects development into adulthood and it’s more likely to develop their attention disorder when they grow older. ”
In earlier studies, Sadeh’s team found that fourth graders slept an average of 8. 2 hours and sixth graders slept an average of 7. 7 hours.
“Previous research has shown children in elementary school need at least nine hours of sleep a night on a regular basis, said Carl Hunt, director of the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research in Bethesda, and high-school-age children need somewhat less, he said, adding the results of insufficient sleep could be serious.
“A tired child is an accident waiting to happen,” Hunt said. “And as kids get older, toys get bigger and the risks higher. ”Hunt also said too little sleep could result in learning and memory problems and long-term effects on school performance.
“This is an important extension of what we already know, ” Hunt said of Sadeh’s research, adding sleep is as important as nutrition(营养) and exercise to good health.
“To put it into reality,” Hunt said, “parents should make sure they know when their children actually are going to sleep and their rooms are conducive to sleeping instead of playing. ”
小题1:What is Child Development?
A A new story B A popular book
C. A periodical magazine D A TV programme
小题2:How many persons are exactly mentioned in the text?
A One B Two C Three D Four
小题3:The underlined phrase “conducive to” (in the last sentence) means ________.
A helping to happen B influenced by
C full of D acceptable of
小题4:Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?| A．There are some daily struggles between parents and children because of having nothing in common with extra rest time. | | B．The children who sleep longer are weak in their study. | | C．Lack of sleep as a child has great effect on their development into adulthood. | | D．In general, children in elementary school need at least nine hours of sleep a night. |
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June 26, 2000 — the Human Genome(基因组) Project, a great $3 billion, 15-year task aimed at drawing the genetic map of humans, is now more than 90 percent completed. The scientific and medical communities are very excited about the chances genetic research provides for getting rid of diseases and prolonging(延长) human life. But those communities and policy makers also are careful about the scientific door they are opening as the project uncovers the mysteries of life.
For the last few years, the genetic advances in the developing field of biotechnology have provides material for all kinds of work, but the developments of modern science in unlocking the secrets of the human genetic code(密码) have opened a world of possibilities for human health, as well as for the popular imagination.
While European and Japanese researchers are making rapid progress in decoding(解码) human DNA, the leading organization for genetic research is in the United States, which began in 1990, is “unlocking the code” of the human body to learn how to defeat fatal diseases. Already, the Human Genome Project has become widely known and praised for finding the genes connected with terrible diseases as yet(迄今), and making progress toward separating the genes that show a sign of breast cancer or AIDS.
Once these genes are found and studied, researchers can develop new ways to attack infections, and genetic diseases. Medical companies are very interested in mapping the human genome, as they expect to develop a lot of new drugs for these illnesses.
小题1: Why did the scientists work hard at mapping the human genome?| A．Because the human genome can destroy many illnesses. | | B．Because the human genome"s completion can help them get rid of many diseases. | | C．Because they wanted to be better known than others. | | D．Because the human genome can provide a lot of chances of work. |
小题2:Which country studied the genes most rapidly in the world?| A．Japan. | B．Germany. | C．The United States. | D．China. |
小题3:Which of the following is NOT true?| A．If the genes can be found, scientists can study many new ways to cure illnesses. | | B．The scientists have made great progress in connecting the genes with the cancers. | | C．Many medical companies show great interest in drawing the human genome map. | | D．The United States began the Genes Study early in the 19th century. |
小题4:The author suggests that the Human Genome Project can cause _______.| A．the policy makers to feel very worried and careful | | B．the scientists to work harder | | C．many people to find work easily | | D．a lot of companies to produce many new drugs |
小题5:The main idea of this article is about _______.| A．unlocking genetic code | | B．the genes" discovery | | C．the great human genome | | D．the genes and the scientists |
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