Destiny and Personal ResponsibilityOne important variable affecting communicatio

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Destiny and Personal Responsibility
One important variable affecting communication across cultures is destiny（命运）and personal responsibility. This refers to the degree to which we feel ourselves the masters of our lives, contrary to the degree to which we see ourselves as subject to things outside our control. Another way to look at this is to ask how much we see ourselves able to change and act, to choose the course of our lives and relationships. Some have drawn a parallel between the personal responsibility in North American settings and the view itself. The North American view is vast, with large spaces of unpopulated land. The frontier attitude of “King” of the wilderness, and the expansiveness of the land reaching huge distances, may relate to generally high levels of confidence in the ability to shape and choose our destinies.
In this expansive land, many children grow up with a heroic sense of life, where ideas are big, and hope springs forever. When they experience temporary failures, they encouraged to redouble their efforts, to “try, try again.” Action, efficiency（效率）, and achievement are valued and expected. Free will is respected in laws and enforced by courts.
Now consider places in the world with much smaller land, whose history reflects wars and tough struggles: Northern Ireland, Mexico, Israel, Palestine. In these places, destiny’s role is more important in human life. In Mexico, there is a history of hard life, fighting over land, and loss of homes. Mexicans are more likely to see struggles as part of their life and unavoidable. Their passive attitude is expr4essed in their way of responding to failure or accident by saying “ni modo”(“no way” or “tough lick”), meaning that the failure was destined.
This variable is important to understanding cultural conflict. If someone believing in free will crosses paths with someone more passive, miscommunication is likely. The first person may expect action and accountability. Failing to see it, he may conclude that the second is lazy, not cooperative, or dishonest. The second person will expect respect for the natural order of thins. Failing to see it, he may conclude that the first is forcible, rude, or big headed in his ideas of what can be accomplished or changed.
小题1:The author thinks that one’s character is partly determined by .

A．physical senses	B．general attitude
C．financial background	D．geographic characteristics

小题2:According to the passage, Mexicans would think that Americans are .

A．impractical

B．dishonest

C．ambitious

D．hesitant

小题3:The underlined word “subject” in Paragraph 1 probably means .

A．a topic of a discussion	B．a branch of knowledge
C．a person being experimented on	D．a person under the power of others

小题4:The author would probably agree that .

A．vast land may lead to a more controllable desire

B．heroic sense of life roots deeply in a small country

C．living in limited space contributes to an accepting attitude

D．fighting over land may help people gain high levels of confidence

答案

DADC

解析

略

举一反三

完形填空(共20小题；每小题l.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白
处的最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Twenty years ago，I drove a taxi for a living．I met 2l people．But none touched me 22 than a woman I picked up late one night．
I received a call from 23 in a quiet part of town．When I arrived at 2：30 a．m．,the building was 24 except for a single light in a ground floor window．I walked to the door and 25 ．“Just a minute，”answered a 26 ，elderly voice．After a long pause，the door opened．A small woman 27 her 80s stood before me．Beside her was a small suitcase．I took it to the taxi．and then returned to 28 the woman．She took my arm and we walked 29 toward the roadside．
Seated，she gave me 30 ．“I’m on my way to a hospice(临终关怀医院)．I"m in no hurry．Can you drive through downtown?” I saw her eyes shining with 31 in the rearview mirror．“I don’t have any 32 left．”she continued．“The doctor says I don’t have very long．”
During the next two hours’ 33 , sometimes she asked me to 34 in front of a particular building or corner and she 35 stare into the darkness．When we got to the destination，she asked，“How much do I 36 you?” “Nothing，”I said．“You 37 make a living．”she answered．“I have 38 passengers，”I replied，and gave her a hug． She held onto me 39 ．“You gave an old woman a little moment of joy,” she said．“Thank you.”
After that，I drove aimlessly，lost in thought．People usually believe that our lives center upon great moments． 40 great moments often catch us unaware，beautifully wrapped in what others may consider a small one．

小题1:

A．honest

B．familiar

C．various

D．similar

小题2:

A．worse

B．more

C．better

D．1ess

小题3:

A．a store

B．an office

C．a clinic

D．an apartment

小题4:

A．dark

B．tall

C．old

D．empty

小题5:

A．looked

B．knocked

C．1istened

D．pushed

小题6:

A．clear

B．10ud

C．sharp

D．weak

小题7:

A．of

B．by

C．in

D．over

小题8:

A．help

B．call

C．early

D．pull

小题9:

A．freely

B．rapid

C．carelessly

D．slowly

小题10:

A．a notebook

B．an address

C．a present

D．an envelope

小题11:

A．anger

B．delight

C．tears

D．surprise

小题12:

A．family

B．money

C．trouble

D．idea

小题13:

A．discussion

B．ride

C．silence

D．cry

小题14:

A．hurry

B．park

C．slow

D．circle

小题15:

A．would

B．should

C．might

D．could

小题16:

A．provide

B．charge

C．afford

D．owe

小题17:

A．want to

B．used to

C．have to

D．seem to

小题18:

A．some

B．other

C．few

D．rich

小题19:

A．doubtfully

B．warmly

C．honestly

D．tightly

小题20:

A．And

B．But

C．So

D．although

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

I paid 30 yuan for a watermelon the other day. When I ate it at home I found it more bitter than sweet. I was 36   to throw it away for it cost me money 37  . But to eat it was a 38  thing no better than tasting goldthread(黄连)
Things like this 39 occur in our daily life. For example, last week when going on a tour we failed to find the 40 we had been seeking. 41 we were so uncomfortable as if on pins and needles(如坐针毡).In such a case we had better 42 home immediately, but most of us tourists still chose to 43 our way until we finished visiting all the scenic spots, 44 actually we did not quite enjoy them.
If we   45   , we’ll get nothing; we would have spent money 46  .If we don’t give up, what we’ve got is something to cause suffering or pain, or    47  disaster. Since that’s the case, why are we still unwilling to 48 with it? The only 49 _ is: it means money.
Then what 50 __does money contain? Its importance lies in none 51 __the following two aspects: (1) it can be used for our living;(2) it can be used for daily life. When a sum of money that should be able to obtain joy or enjoyment is certain to 52 the purpose, isn’t it wise to give it up? Isn’t it a sort of 53 for money-spending or even for enjoying ourselves?
To abandon and forget a sum of money that is to be of no value or to produce   54  values can be counted as   55 value of money. Isn’t it so?

小题1:

A．unwilling

B．ready

C．uncertain

D．anxious

小题2:.

A．above all

B．after all

C．in all

D．for all

小题3:.

A．pleasant

B．painful

C．dangerous

D．special

小题4:.

A．regularly

B．recently

C．hardly

D．frequently

小题5:.

A．friendship

B．memory

C．pleasure

D．experience

小题6:.

A．On the whole

B．In this way

C．In other words

D．On the contrary

小题7:.

A．call

B．leave

C．arrive

D．return

小题8:.

A．feel

B．continue

C．stop

D．make

小题9:.

A．because

B．since

C．although

D．unless

小题10:.

A．give away

B．give up

C．give out

D．give in

小题11:. A, in relief B. in fact C. in reality D. in vain
小题12:.

A．even

B．still

C．ever

D．more

小题13:.

A．stay

B．part

C．take

D．break

小题14:.

A．excuse

B．reason

C．topic

D．ambition

小题15:.

A．value

B．message

C．secret

D．surprise

小题16:.

A．less than

B．better than

C．rather than

D．other than

小题17:.

A．ignore

B．serve

C．fail

D．meet

小题18:.

A．possibility

B．mistake

C．wisdom

D．choice

小题19:.

A．proper

B．negative

C．wonderful

D．various

小题20:.

A．little

B．whole

C．other

D．another

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

Joanne was stuck in a traffic jam in central Birmingham at 5：30 and at 6：30 she was expected to be chairing a meeting of the tennis club. At last, the traffic was moving. She swung quickly racing to her house. As she opened the door, she nearly tripped over (被绊倒)Sheba.
“Hey, Sheba,” she said, “I"ve got no time for you now, but I"ll take you out as soon as I get back from tennis club.” Then she noticed Sheba seemed to be coughing or choking. Obviously, she could hardly breathe. Immediately, Joanne realized she would have to take her to the vet (兽医).
When she got there, the vet was just about to close for the day. Seeing the state of Sheba, Dr. Sterne brought her quickly into his office.
“Listen, doctor, I"m really in a rush to get to a meeting, can I leave her with you, and go and get changed? I"ll be back in ten minutes to pick her up, and then I"ll take her on to the meeting with me. Is that OK?”
“Sure.” said the doctor.
Joanne made the quick trip back to her house in a couple of minutes. As she was once more entering the hallway, the phone by the door began to ring.
“This is Dr. Sterne,” said an anxious voice. “I want you to get out of that house immediately, ”said the doctor"s voice. “I"m coming round right away, and the police will be there any time now. Wait outside!”
At that moment, a police car screeched (发出尖锐的声音)to a stop outside the house. Two policemen got out and ran into the house. Joanne was by now completely confused and very frightened. Then the doctor arrived.
“Where’s Sheba? Is she OK?” shouted Joanne.
“She’s fine, Joanne. I took out the thing which was choking her, and she’s OK now. ”
Just then, the two policemen reappeared from the house, half-carrying a white—faced man, who could hardly walk. There was blood all over him.
“My God, ” said Joanne, “how did he get in there? And how did you know he was there?”
“I think he must be a burglar.” said the doctor. “I knew he was there because when I finally removed what was stuck in Sheba’s throat：it turned out to be three human fingers.”
小题1:. What was Joanne supposed to do at 6：30？

A．To walk her dog.	B．To see her doctor.
C．To attend a club meeting.	D．To play tennis with her friends.

小题2:. Joanne wanted to get back to her home again .

A．to dress up for the meeting	B．to phone the police station
C．to catch the badly hurt burglar	D．to wait for her dog to be cured

小题3:. From the passage, we can infer that .

A．Sheba fought against the burglar

B．the police found the burglar had broken in

C．Joanne had planned to take her dog to the meeting

D．the doctor performed a difficult operation on the dog

小题4:. In this passage, the writer intends to tell us that the dog is .

A．clever

B．friendly

C．frightening

D．devoted

小题5:．The underlined word a burglar in the last paragraph probably means ________.

A．a cleaner

B．a physician

C．a thief

D．a murderer

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

A dog who chewed off his owner’s infected toe（脚趾）while he was passed-out drunk has been called a lifesaver. Jerry Douthett had been out drinking when his dog Kiko bit off a large part if his big toe. His wife, Rosee, rushed him to hospital where tests showed the 48-year-old musician had dangerous high blood-sugar levels. Doctors told him his toe would have had to be cut off anyway.
Mr Douthett said he had refused to get medical advice despite his toe being swollen for months. “I was hiding it from people, Rosee included,” he said. “It smelled , and I look back now and realize every time we’d visit someone with a dog, their dog would smell all over my foot.”
The night before Mr Douthett had agreed to see a doctor, he passed out at home after going out drinking. He said, “I woke up and the dog was lying along side by foot. I said, ‘Ah, there’s blood everywhere.’ I ran to the bathroom and started to scream.”
However, he believes Kiko could sense the disease coming from his big toe. “He’s a hero,” Mr Douthett said. “It wasn’t an aggressive attack. He just ate the infection. He saved my life. He ate it. I mean, he must have eaten it, because we couldn’t find it anywhere else in the house. I look down. There’s blood all over, and my toe is gone.”
Before the operation, Mr Douthett asked a nurse, “Is there any chance I can get whatever’s left of my toe, so I can give it to Kiko as a treat?” Kiko is still with the family but is under observation by authorities.
小题1:.Mr Douthett didn’t want to get medical treatment because ______ .

A．he didn’t know about his disease at all

B．he was unwilling to let others know about his disease

C．doctors had no good ways to treat his bad toe

D．his wife advised him not to do that

小题2:.From Paragraph 3 we can infer that ______ .

A．Rosee managed to persuade her husband to go to hospital

B．Mr Douthett made his big toe worse by frequent drinking

C．Mr Douthett didn’t know his toe was chewed off at first

D．it is dangerous for people to let pet dogs sleep in the bedrooms

小题3:.What did Mr Douthett think of his dog ?

A．It was clever and brave.

B．It never attacked healthy people.

C．It was a cruel but helpful dog.

D．It was a dangerous dog in fact.

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

At about 4 am, after hours of being unable to sleep, of shivering in the cold mountain air and trying to silence my crying kids who kept waking up, of attempting to find a comfortable sleeping position, of listening to whether there might have been a bear outside our tent, I finally couldn’t stand it any more. I complained, “Everything has gone wrong.”
My wife and I were in one tent with our two young kids. A hundred yards east away was Summit Lake, where the glorious early morning mist was shimmering（闪烁）off the water. A couple miles to the southwest was the base of the Lassen Peak Trail. The base was 8,000 feet above sea level, and huge snow dotted the scenery even in mid August. Further west still was Bumpass Hell, with steam rising up.
As the sun crept up over the edge of the Lassen peak, we fired up the camp stove and had breakfast. Half an hour later, my six-year-old daughter and I were in the parking lot of the Lassen peak trail, getting ready to go up the mountainside. We wouldn’t make it all the way, but it didn’t matter. We would see nature at its extremes: the volcanic ash that layered on the earth turning the melting snow a mysterious pink as the sun struck it; the blues of the sky shading into the blues of distant lakes, which in turn shaded into the whites and grays of the snow.
My daughter grabbed my camera. She wanted to take a photo of “the composite（混合物）”of colors. Looking out over that scenery, and seeing my daughter fascinated by nature, I felt stupid about my morning complaints.
Yes, camping is uncomfortable. And yes, there’s a lot to be said for getting out a credit card,reserving a room in a nice hotel, and going out for a fancy meal. But there’s also something wonderful about being so close to raw nature. And , as important, there’s something vital about getting young children out of their increasingly modern comfort zones and forcing them to meet the world around them.
小题1:.According to the passage, what contributed to the author’s sleeplessness ?
①the cold weather ②his crying children ③fear of bears
④sounds of bears ⑤the aches of his lower back ⑥his own complaints

A．①④⑥

B．①②③

C．②④⑤

D．②③⑤

小题2:.Which of the following maps correctly shows the places ?

小题3:.The underlined word “colors” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______ .

A．blue, white, gray and pink	B．white, yellow, gray and pink
C．white, green ,gray and pink	D．blue, green,white and gray

小题4:.How did the author’s feeling change from the beginning to the end ?

A．Calm→Satisfied.	B．Excited→Frustrated.
C．Sad→Calm.	D．Regretful→Satisfied.

小题5:.Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage ?

A．Nature is the glass reflecting truth.

B．Nature is the best scenery designer.

C．The journey of a thousand miles starts with one step.

D．A bad beginning makes a bad ending.

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