(C)Sometimes people recall past events differently from how they happened. Have
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(C)
Sometimes people recall past events differently from how they happened. Have you ever confused dates and events from your life, or people’s names? Don’t be too hard on yourself if this is the case; it happens to almost everyone. Every day, our brain processes an amazing amount of information. In fact, all our experiences are based on the way our brain interprets the information it receives from our senses. It is impossible to store all of this information, so some of it gets lost. The parts that remain make up our memories. All our thoughts and memories depend on the way our senses work, and we cannot always trust everything our senses tell us.
If you have ever tried to make your own short film on a digital camera, you will have noticed that the images you record are often blurry(模糊不清). To stop the same thing from happening when we see things with our own eyes, our brain is always filling in the blanks. Before our eyes can even focus on an object, our brain has created its own picture of it so that we can move smoothly from looking at one thing to another without the world looking strange. If we are moving quickly or are not focusing properly, our brain may not correctly guess what is around us.
Memory is the way we store the information that our senses have experienced. As we have discussed above, our senses do not always see things accurately, so our memory is just how we store our interpretations of these experiences. When our brain takes in new experiences, it uses the information we retrieve from our memory as a reference. This means that we often do not remember the details of things but just the important parts. When we look at something, we often do not really look closely at it, but we merely look at the different hints that help us indentify it.
This also happens with our hearing and speaking. It is natural for students of English to confuse the word “kitchen”, with the familiar word “chicken”. As the sounds are similar, the mind mistakenly identifies the new word with the one that is familiar. This is perhaps the most common reason why people make mistakes when they learn a new language.
72. Sometimes things people remember are quite different from how they really happened because ______.
A. not all people are smart enough B. the main part of the information gets lost
C. people are too strict with themselves D. information was processed incompletely
73. Taking the short film on a digital camera for an example, the author means _____.
A. images recorded by cameras could not be accurate
B. brain may form an imagery picture without reference
C. blurry pictures are caused by too fast camera movements
D. the process of vision is an interpretive construct by the brain
74. The underlined word “retrieve” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.
A. recall B. change C. borrow D. differ
75. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE in terms of memory?
A. Memory is exactly what senses have experienced.
B. Memories are made up of the information remaining in minds.
C. Memory is the way to store information experienced by senses.
D. Memories sometimes can be obstacles to learning something new. |
答案
72-75 DDAA |
解析
| 略 |
举一反三
完形填空 （共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）
Are you carrying too much on your back at school? Lots of kids at the same age as you are. Not only are students in China ___36___ from this problem, but kids in the United States are ___37___ fed up with（饱受…之苦） heavy school bags.
Experts are starting to___38___ that more and more young students are having back and neck problems as a result of school bags ___39___ too heavy for them. “It’s hard for me to get up the___40___ with my bag because it’s so heavy,” said Rich Hammond, ___41___ 11-year-old student in the US. Rick is among the students who have ___42___ backpacks with two straps (带子) to carry them, ___43___ a number of other students choose rolling backpacks. However, even with rolling backpacks, ___44___ up stairs and buses with them is ___45___ a problem for kids. Many of them have hurt their knees, backs or necks because of heavy school bags.
But how much is too ___46___? Experts say students should carry ___47___ more than 10 to 15 per cent of their own body weight. Scott Bautch, a Wisconsin ___48___ doctor, said kids under 4th grade should ___49___ with 10 per cent. But it’s also important that older kids don’t go ___50___ 15 percent, because their bones are still growing. Bautch explained that there are other injuries caused by backpacks. “Kids are ___51___ their balance and falling down with these backpacks,” he said．
Parents and teachers are starting to tell the kids to only take ___52___ library books they will be reading that night. Some teachers are using worksheets (作业纸) or ___53___ workbooks for students to take home. One of the best answers is, as some ___54___ themselves suggested, to have no homework ___55___!
36． A．meeting B．facing C．experiencing D．suffering
37． A．already B．always C．yet D．also
38． A．explain B．say C．worry D．announce
39． A．being B．be C．are D．is
40．A．schools B．stairs C．houses D．homes
41．A．this B．that C．a D．an
42．A．special B．unusual C．ordinary D．regular
43．A．when B．but C．then D．and
44．A. getting B．climbing C．going D．turning
45．A．only B．still C．even D．just
46．A．more B．very C．much D．many
47．A．no B．not C．any D．much
48．A．children B．student C．bag D．back
49．A．carry B．stay C．take D．bring
50．A．about B．under C．beyond D．before
51．A．keeping B．missing C．losing D．making
52．A．home B．class C．school D．city
53．A．valuable B．thin C．important D．interesting
54．A．reports B．teachers C．parents D．kids
55．A．at all B．after all C．in all D．for all |
第二部分：阅读理解(共25小题，第一节每小题2分，第二节每小题1分；满分45分)
第一节：阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。 A
Endless sea, sand and sunshine on a tiny island--everyone" s idea of heaven. Who wouldn" t want to live in such a place.?
One person who certainly does is Ben Southall, from the UK. The 34-year-old was one of more than 34,000 people who applied for the post of "caretaker" on Hamilton Island, Australia, which the local government called "the best job in the world". The position starts in July and runs for six months. The salary is 150,000 Australian dollars(780,639 yuan).
Why Southall? Well, first let"s take a look at the criteria(标准) for the job: "We"re looking for applicants who like to have adventures, have a great love of the outdoors and have good commu-nication skills. "
On his application video, Southall expressed a love of adventure and included photographs of himself riding an ostrich(鸵鸟 ), running a marathon, diving, and kissing a giraffe. "From the time he was announced in the Top 50, and then the Top 16, Southall did a great job by showing true ex-citement about Queensland," Tourism Minister Peter Lawlor said in a statement.
"His ideas for how he will make the role his own.., as well as his ability to rise to a challenge impressed the judges and helped him to win his place in the top job," Lawlor said.
Southall was born in Coventry, UK and used his parents" home as a base for his adventures. He had an old Land Rover that he used for a charity-fund-raising trek(跋涉) across Africa which in-volved joining in five marathons( a 42.16 km race) and climbing five mountains.
"It was sometimes hard work to make him get his head down and do his work because he always wanted to be outside," his mother said about his early years.
"He wanted to go surfing in South Africa, so he got a job house-sitting to pay for it. We regu-larly ask him when he is going to get a proper job, but he is confident and has a strong set of friends and is a great social animal. Now he has got the perfect job for his skills," said his father.
So, you see? No matter what type of person you are, there"s always the possibility of getting a dream job. How" s that? Just read the job descriptions carefully and think about how your skills and qualities fit with the ones needed for the job. That" s what Southall did to get his job.
41. The post of "caretaker" on Hamilton Island is said-to be the best job in the world mainly because of_____
A. a beautiful landscape B. a short working time
C. great pay for a fun job D. very good weather
42. According to Lawlor, what wasn" t the reason that helped Southall win the job?
A. His outstanding application video
B. His passion for the job and ability to face up to challenges
C. His great love of adventures
D. His true excitement about the Austrilian lifestyle
43. Which of the following statements about Southall is true?
A. He did a poor job in school when he was young.
B. He worked as a house-sitter to raise charity funds.
C. He has won five marathons.
D. He is good at communicating with others.
44. We can leam from Southall that_____
A. the world offers opportunities for everyone
B. setbacks will only make you stronger
C. all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy
D. where there is a will, there is a way |
D
There are many types of reports. A report is simply an account of something that has happened. The commonest are news reports. We get them in newspapers, over the radio and on television Sometimes cinemas also show us newsreels.
The main purpose of a newspaper is to provide news. If you examine a newspaper closely, you will find that there are all types of news, accidents, floods, fires, wars, fashions, spoils,
books, etc. The news covers everything that happens to people and their surroundings. Some-
times there are news items which are very amusing.
A news report is usually very short, except when it is about something very important, but it contains a lot of information. It is also written in short paragraphs. The first paragraph is in fact
a summary of the news item. It gives all the necessary information -what, when, where, how
and why. The other paragraphs give full details of the subjects. There may also be interviews
with people. The words actually spoken by them are written in inverted commas(引号).
Often there are photographs to go with the news to make it more interesting.
53. The easiest way to get today"s news is _______
A. to go to the cinema B. to watch a color TV
C. to read today"s newspapers D. to listen to music over the radio
54. Newspapers sell well mainly because _______
A. they cost very little
B. they are easy to get
C. they have got pictures to go with the news
D. they provide all sorts of news in them
55. If you want to get enough information about yesterday"s traffic accident within a very short time, you can __
A. read the first paragraph of the news report in today"s newspaper
B. start with the second paragraph of the news report in today" s newspaper
C. look through the whole news report in today" s newspaper
D. talk with people who have seen the accident
56. To interest more people, a news report __
A. usually produces amusing news
B. always writes very short news reports
C. often prints pictures to go with the news
D. sometimes provides long and important news
57. This passage mainly talks about __
A. different types of reports B. news reports
C. happenings to people and their surroundings D. the length of a news report |
C
A car that runs on coffee is unveiled（shown to the public for the first time）today but at between 25 and 50 times the cost of running a car on petrol, the invention won’t please any motor industry accountants．
Nicknamed the Car-puccino, it has been created using a 1988 Volkswagen Scirocco bought for £400 and it was chosen because it looked like the time-traveling DeLorean in the movie Back To The Future．The car will be driven the 210 miles between Manchester and London powered only by roasted coffee granules （颗粒）．It has been built by a team from the BBC1 science programme Bang Goes The Theory and will go on display at the Big Bang science fair in Manchester to show how fuels other than traditional petrol can power vehicles．
The team calculates the Car-puccino will do three miles per kilo of ground coffee （咖啡粉） — about 56 cups of espressos （浓咖啡） per mile．The journey will use about 70 kilos of ground coffee which, at supermarket prices of between £13 and £26 a kilo depending on brand and quality, will cost between £910 and £1,820, or between 25 and 50 times the £36 cost of petrol for the journey．In total, the trip will cost 11,760 espressos, and the team will have to take ‘coffee breaks’ roughly every 30 to 45 miles to pour in more granules．They will also have to stop about every 60 miles to clean out the ‘coffee filters’ to rid them of the soot and tar which is also generated by the process．So despite a top speed of 60mph, the many stops mean the going will be slow, with the journey taking around ten hours．
Sadly, the inventors will still have to pay duty on their coffee fuel---even though tax collectors at Her Majesty’s Revenue and Custom haven’t yet worked out how much．
Nick Watson, producer of Bang Goes The Theory, said, “Coffee, like wood or coal, has some carbon content so you can use it as a fuel．The coffee needs to be very dry and in granules to allow the air to move through the pile of coffee as it burns．The brand doesn’t matter．” He said the same technology could be used to power a car on other unusual fuels, such as woodchips or nut shells, construction or agricultural waste．
49．Which is the right way to choose the coffee used as fuels to run the Car-puccino?
A．It should be very dry． B．The stronger, the better．
C．The smaller the granules are, the better． D．It should be of a certain brand．
50．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．All kinds of materials can be used as fuels．
B．The Car-puccino will be put into the market soon．
C．Nick Watson is the designer of the Car-puccino
D．Much remains to be improved for the Car-puccino．
51．The Car-puccino has its disadvantages EXCEPT that ________．
A．it makes a lot of noise
B．it runs at a very high cost
C．it has to stop to be refueled very often．
D．it’s not good enough for long-distance journey
52．How much ground coffee will be used to cover a distance of 126 miles in this car?
A．About 70 kilos B．About 42 kilos． C．About 32 kilos D．About 30 kilos |
B
Memories of highly charged events, like the London bombings of the 7th July 2005, can be inaccurate and should not be relied on in court, according to a study in Britain. People can create false memories, bringing problems for police investigations.
The simultaneous (同时) bombings of three underground trains and a double－decker bus in London some years ago are imprinted on the minds of many people in Britain.
But our memories of the attacks are unreliable, according to a study from Portsmouth University. Forty percent of British students questioned about the events remembered seeing a film recorded by a CCTV(闭路监控) camera that shows a particular event of the bus bomb——footage(片段) which never existed. A further 28% claimed to have seen a non－existent computerized reconstruction.
Some even recalled specific details of the attack, which none of them witnessed. "The bus had just stopped to let people off when two women and a man got on," said one. "He placed a hag by his side, the woman sat down and as the bus left, there was an explosion. There was a leg on the floor." Another described how the bus had stepped at a traffic light when there was a bright light, an explosion and the roof of the bus was blown off by the power of the explosion.
"Memories are not like videotape you can return to the beginning and replay for perfect recall," said lead researcher James Ost. "Because of this, they are not reliable enough to form the basis of legal decisions." He believes people who are more creative might be more inclined to make these kinds of errors.
60．According to the passage, when people are strongly affected by an event______.
A．all they say about the event is not true
B．they couldn"t remember anything
C．they couldn"t go on the court to be witnesses
D．they couldn"t make any errors on what they see about the event
61．The third paragraph______.
A．tells us what some people saw about the attack
B．shows that some people did create some false memories
C．shows that the London bombing was indeed a terrorist attack
D．shows that some people could remember details of an event
62．The underlined word "inclined" in the last paragraph is closest to the meaning of______.
A．careful B．likely C．serious D．curious
63．What is mainly discussed in the passage?
A．How our memories work. B．False memories.
C．How to avoid false memories. D．What can be done to memories. |
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