if表条件(如果)和表让步(即使)时,用法上的区别?翻译时如何判断?

题目

if表条件(如果)和表让步(即使)时,用法上的区别?翻译时如何判断?

答案

if
if
[If; if]
连接词
A
1 如果…,假使…
a.[就现在、过去、未来可能实现之事加以推测时]
If you are tired,we will go straight home.
如果你疲倦了,我们就直接回家
If you have finished reading this book,please return it to me.
如果你念完这本书,请把它还给我
If he did it,he committed a crime.
如果他做了那件事,他就犯了罪
I'll be hanged [damned] if I obey him.(
口语)我才不会听他的话
Do you mind if I open the window?.
如果我打开窗子,你介意吗?
(我可以打开窗子吗?)
I shall tell him if he comes.
如果他来了,我会告诉他
b.
If you knew how I suffered,you would pity me.
如果你知道我多么受苦,你会同情我
If I were you,I would help him.
如果我是你,我会帮助他
c.
If I had known,I wouldn't have done it.
假使我知道,我就不会做那件事
If he had followed my advice,he wouldn't be in such difficulty now.
如果他听从我的劝告,他现在就不会陷入如此的困境
d.
If it should rain tomorrow,I shall not [shan't,won't] come.
万一明天下雨,我就不来
e.
If I were to die tomorrow,what would you do?.
要是我明天死了,你怎么办?
2 a.即使… (even though)
If he be ever so rich.
.(古)即使他很富有…
If I am wrong,you are not absolutely right.
即使我错,你也不一定绝对正确
He is a good if mischievous boy.
即使他再顽皮,还是个好孩子
His manner,if patronizing,was not unkind.
他的态度即使有点傲慢,也不能说是不和善
I don't care if I go.(
口语)我可以去; 我去也可以
(对于邀请的肯定回答)
→ even if,if not.
b.即使…,然而… (whereas)
If he was not industrious in his youth,he now works very hard.
诚然,他年轻的时候不勤奋,然而现在他工作很卖力
3 每逢…时,不论何时 (whenever)
If I feel any doubt,I ask.
每逢有疑问时我就发问
4 [省略结论的主句,单独用作表示惊叹、愿望等的感叹句]
If I only knew!=If only I knew!.
要是我知道的话该多好!
If I haven't lost my watch!.
要是没丢掉表该多好!
(该死,丢了表!)
Why,if it isn't Mr.Smith!.
嗨,那不正是史密斯先生!
B [引导间接疑问句] 是不是… (whether)
Ask him if it is true.
问他那是不是真的
I wonder if he is in the school.
我不知道他是否在学校
as if → as
even if
即使
Even if you do not like it,you must do it.
即使你不喜欢那件事,你也得去做
if a day [an inch,a penny,etc.]
一天 [一?一便士] 不少,确实,至少
He is seventy if a day.(.
一天也不差) 他确实有七十岁
The enemy is 2000 strong,if a man.(.
一个也不少) 敌军至少有两千人
He measures six feet,if an inch.(.
家膊簧?他至少有六?nI have walked 15 miles,if a yard.(.
一码也不少) 我确实已走了十五哩
if any
即使有,如果有的话
There are few (books),if any.
即使有 (书) 也很少
There is little (wine),if any.
即使有 (葡萄酒) 也很少
Correct errors,if any.
如果有错误,即予以订正
if anything
要说有什么区别的话,甚至可能,说起来
Things are,if anything,improving.
事态甚至可能好转
True greatness has little,if anything,to do with rank and power.
说起来,真正的伟大与地位权力没什么关系
if anywhere
如有任何地方
if at all → at all
If it had not been for
如果没有…的话 (But for?)
If it had not been for.
= Had it not been for your advice,I couldn'thave done it.如果没有你的忠告,我不可能完成那件事
If it were not for?
如果没有…的话 (But for?)
If it were not for (= Were it not for) the sun,nothing could live.
如果没有太阳的话,任何东西都不能生存
if necessary [possible]
如果有必要,如果可能
I will do so,if necessary.
如果有必要,我会这样做
if not
(1)即使不是…
It is highly desirable,if not essential,to draw the distinction.
即使非属必要,但仍然宜加以区别
(2)如果不是…
Where should I get stationery,if not at a department store .
如果不是在百货公司,我该在哪里买文具?
if only
(1)→ conj.A 4
(2)即使只…
We must respect him if only for his honesty [if only because he is honest].
即使只为了他的诚实,我们也必须尊敬他
I want to go if only to see his face.
光是为了见他一面,我也要去
if you like → like
if you please → please
What if?→what pron
可数名词
(pl.s)
条件; 假设,假使
There are too many ifs in his speech.
他说话中有太多的“假使”
ifs and buts
事情延后的理由 [借口]
Do it now,and no ifs and buts!.
现在就做,不要尽找借