请教英文字母发音规则.

请教英文字母发音规则.

题目
请教英文字母发音规则.
最近在学英语,就是在拼读生词的时候每次都要查音标,查多了,发现一些规律.就是在单词中某些字母和某些字母组合始终在音标中是发一个音.我想知道,英文单词中有哪些字母发音是标准的,就是说它在单词中始终发某个音标的音.这样我就可以直接用字母拼读了,就不用每个都去看音标了.
当然,我知道,最准确的肯定还是看音标.但是肯定有一些字母在音标中是长期发某个音的吧.我不想一一对应每个字母.但是最起码知道哪些可以对应.以后读生词也容易一些.
答案
48个国际音标精品课程
第一总结:语音知识
【一】,什么是音素:音素是语音的最小单位.
【二】,音素的分类:元音和辅音.
【三】,音素的个数:共计48个;其中元音20个;辅音28个
【四】,什么是音标:记录音素的符号叫音标.
【五】,什么是国际音标:国际音标是由国际语音协会规定的一套音标,用来记录全世界各主要语言的语音.
【六】,开音节:(1)辅音+元音+辅音+e 例如:name;bike;home;plane
(2)辅音+元音 例如: he;go;do;be;tree;three;hello
【七】,闭音节(1)辅音+元音+辅音
例如:sit ; bed ; bad; hot;cup;let;map
(2)元音+辅音 例如:it;is;in;up;of;
【八】,重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节.
【九】,元音的定义:发音时声带振动,呼出气流通过口腔没有形成阻碍,这样形成语音称之为元音.
【十】,无论声带是否振动,发音时呼出气流通过通过口腔或鼻腔受到一定阻碍,这样形成语音叫做辅音;发音时声带振动称为浊辅音;发音时声带不振动称为清辅音

【十一】元音发音部分:
(1)单元音:[ i:] [ i ] [ ɔ:] [ ɔ] 前元音:[i:] [i] [ e ] [ æ] [ u: ] [ u ] [ ə:] [ ə ] 中元音:[ʌ] [ə:] [ ə ] [ ɑ:] [ ʌ ] [ e ] [ æ] 后元音:[ ɑ:] [ u:] [ u ] [ɔ:] [ɔ] (2)双元音:[ei]、[ai]、[ɔi]、[ɛə]、[uə]、[iə]、[au]、[əu]

【十二】辅音发音部分辅音音标28个
辅音(又叫子音):不论声带振动与否,发声时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定阻碍,
这样的语音称为辅音.辅音发音不响亮,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是构成音节的主要音.
英语中有28个辅音.共48个音素.

清辅音:[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [∫] [ t∫] [tr] [ts]

浊辅音:[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [ð] [з] [dз] [dr] [dz]

鼻音: [m] [n] [ŋ]

摩擦音: [h] [r]

舌头侧音:[l]

半元音 [j] [w]

【十三】发音方法
(1)清辅音:(发音时候声带不震动;有气无声)
[p] [t] [k] [f] [ ∫ ] [s] [θ] [ts] [tr] [t∫]
(2)浊辅音:(发音时候声带震动;有声无气)
[b] [d] [g] [v] [ з] [z] [ð] [dz] [dr] [dз]
(3) 爆破音:[p] [t] [k] (清辅音)(气流从口腔冲出,送气有力 )
[b] [d] [g] (浊辅音)(气流从口腔冲出,送气有力 )
(4)摩擦音:[f] [s] [ ∫ ] [θ] [ h] (清辅音)
[v] [z] [з] [ð] [ r ] (浊辅音)
(摩擦音:气流发发音器官的缝隙,发生磨擦而发出的音 )
(5)破擦音: [ t∫ ] [tr] [ts] (清辅音)
[dз ] [dr] [dz] (浊辅音)
(破擦音为:爆破音和磨擦音的结合发出的音)
(6)鼻辅音:[m] [n] [ŋ](气流从鼻腔通过 )
(7)舌侧音:[l] (气流从舌的两旁空隙处流过 :也叫旁流音)
(8)半元音:[w] [j] ((这两个也属磨擦音) 像元音一样,气流直接从口腔通过,但又像辅音一样,气流通过时与发音器官稍有磨擦 )
【十四】记忆方法
(1)10对清浊辅音
(2)3个鼻音 [m] [n] [ ŋ]
(3)3个似拼音 [ h] [r] [ l ]
(4)2个半元音 [ j ] [w]

(1)清辅音发音单词举例
[k] keep ,bank ; [f] face free [s] sit ,say ; [θ]: think nothing
[∫] shirt ,action; [t∫] China, such ,match [tr] tree ,try [ts] cats ,lots
[p] park ;pack [t]: tea; talk

(2) 浊辅音发音单词举例
[b] be , baby ;[d] dog, dad ;[g] bag , go ;[v] give , above;[з] pleasure, measure
[z] zoo , amaze;[ð] father, together ;[dz] beds, birds ;[dr] address , draw
[dз] object, age ;[r]red,reach

(3)鼻辅音发音单词举例
[m] map , me ; [n] win , thin ; [ŋ] thing , think , thank

(4)舌侧音发音单词举例[l] let ,lead ;

(5)半元音发音单词举例 [w] wedding , water, weather ;[j] yes, yesterday year, yacht

【十五】元音发音的单词(1)单元音:前元音:[ i:] :eat , feel ,clean, easy, green, leave, sweet, street (发音技巧:嘴唇微微张开,舌尖抵下齿,嘴角向两边张开,露出微笑的表情,与字母E 的发音相同) [ i ]:oil, it ,ink, ill, busy, middle, will, pretty , sister (发音技巧:嘴唇微微张开,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,嘴型扁平) [e] :tell , bread, guess, dress, yellow, bread, best, many (发音技巧:嘴型扁平,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬起) [æ]:cat, bad ,black ,map, black, cat, family, happy, rabbit (发音技巧:嘴张大,嘴角尽量拉向两边,成扁平形,舌尖抵下齿)[ i:] A friend in need is a friend indeed (患难之交见真情) Learn to creep before you leap (先学爬,后学走,循序渐进)[ i ] Work will not kill a man ,worry will (工作不会伤害人,但是忧愁会) It is an ill wind that blows nobody any good (无论怎样恶风,也不会吹的人人都不舒服,害此利彼)[e] Empty vessels make the greatest sound (满壶水不响,空壶响叮当) East or west , home is the best (金窝,银窝,不如自家草窝)[æ] Practice makes perfect (熟能生巧)Handsome is as handsome does(行为美才是真正的美)儿歌欣赏One ,two ,three I love coffee And billy loves tea How good you be ; one, two ;three ; I love coffee , and bill love tea中元音:[ʌ] bus , sunny,cup ,brother, mother, supper, trouble, worry , lack(发音技巧:嘴唇微微张开,伸向两边,舌后部稍稍抬起)[ə:] girl, service ,work ,learn, bird, word, nurse, worm, burn(发音技巧:嘴形扁平,上下齿微开舍身平放,舌中部稍抬起,) [ə] color , after ,America, better, never, player, nature, weather(发音技巧:嘴唇微微张开,舌身平放,舌中部稍微抬起,口腔自然放松发声)[ʌ] Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you (不要自找麻烦)Well begun is half done (良好的开端是成功的一半)[ə:] It’s the early bird that catches the worms(早起的鸟儿先得食) [ə] Better later than never (迟做比不做好)儿歌欣赏 Jingle BellsJingles bells! Jingles bells ! Jingles all the way , oh , what fun it is to ride in a one-horsee open sleigh儿歌欣赏 Mary had a little lampMary had a little lamp , Its fleece was as white as snow , and everywhere that mary went , the lamb was sure to go , it followed her to school one day , that as against the rule, it made the children laught and play to see a lamp at school
后元音:[ɑ:] car , hard, card, last, dark, park, start, laugh,
(发音技巧:口腔打开,嘴张大,舌身放平,舌尖不抵下齿,下巴放低,放松发音,)
[u:] cool , who, moon , school, tooth, blue, move, fruit,
(发音技巧:嘴形小而圆,微微外突)
[u] book, put ,cook, good, look, foot, push
(发音技巧:嘴唇张开,略向前突出,嘴唇稍微收圆并放松些舌头后缩
[ɔ:] all , also , door, forty, house, walk, warm, daughter
(发音技巧:双唇收的小而圆,并向前突出,舌身往后缩)
[ɔ] hot , oil, hot , watch, strong, cough, sorry , body
(发音技巧:口腔打开,嘴张大)
[ɑ:] He who laughs last laughs best
[u:] Changes like this happen once in a blue moon (机不可失,失不再来)A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush (一鸟在手,胜似二鸟在林)[u] A good beginning makes a good ending(善始者善终)[ɔ:] you can take a horse to water, but you can’t make him drink(牛不喝水,强按头)[ɔ] A little pot is soon hot (壶小易热,量小易怒)双元音:(2) [ei]: face , save ,safe,eight, late, cake, make, train, rainy ;(发音技巧:又e 由I 两个单音组成 前重读,后轻读,口形由半开到合)(3) [ai]:China,Chinese ,bike, fine, kite, sky, fly, try , time(发音技巧:又[a] 由[ i ]两个单音组成 前重读,后轻读,口形由开到合 与字母I 发音相同) (4) [ɔi]:voice , choice , noise, voice, enjoy, toy, join, coin(发音技巧:又[ɔ] 由[ i ]两个单音组成 前重读,后轻读,口形由开到合) (5) [εə] :chair , careful , air ;care, bear, pear, hair, there, chair(发音技巧:又[e] 由[ə]两
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