gh与th在英语单词里的各种发音情况

gh与th在英语单词里的各种发音情况

题目
gh与th在英语单词里的各种发音情况
答案
1.gh在词首时,读作/g/.
例:ghost/gəust/
2.词首为字母1,且后跟字母组合augh时,gh读作/f/.
例:laugh/la:f/,laughter/'la:ftə/
3.词尾为字母组合ough时,gh读作/f/.
例:enough /i'nʌf/,cough/kʌf/,rough/rʌf/,tough/tʌf/
二、gh在下列五种情况下不发音
1.gh 在元音字母i后不发音.
例:bright/brait/,fight/fait/,frighten/'fraitn/,high/hai/,light/lait/,might/mait/,night/nait/,right/rait/,sight/sait/,slight/slait/
2.gh在元音字母组合ei和ai后不发音.
例:eight/eit/,eighth/eitθ/,neighbor/'neibə/,straight/streit/,weigh/wei/,weight/weit/
3.gh在字母组合ought中不发音.
例:bought/bɔ:t/,brought/brɔ:t/,fought/fɔ:t/,thought/θɔ:t/
4.字母组合augh前面不是1时,gh不发音.
caught/kɔ:t/,daughter/'dɔ:tə/,naught/nɔ:t/,naughty/'nɔ:ti/,taught/tɔ:t/
5.词尾为ough的词,如以上所述,有的发/f/,但有时也不发音.
例:although/ɔ:l'ðəu/,plough/plau/,through/θru:/,though/ðəu/,thorough/'θʌrə/
注意:若gh不是字母组合,而是分属于前后两个不同的音节时,不适合以上规则.
例:dininghall/'dainiŋhɔ:l/
1.在th后以字母-er结尾的单词中,th读浊辅音/ð/.例:altogether/ɔ:ltә'geðә/,farther/'faðә/,feather/'fe ðә/,
whether/'we ðә/,either/'aiðә/,gather/'gæðә/
2.一般情况下,在代词、冠词、介词、连词或副词中的字母组合th,读浊辅音/ð/.例:within/wi'ðin/,without/wi'ðaut/,these/ði:z/,therefore/'ðeәfɔ:/,
al-though/ɔ:lðәu/,those/ ðәuz/,the/ ðә/,thus/ ðas/发音特殊的单词:through/θru:/,throughout/θru:'aut/
3.字母组合th在数词(包括基数词和序数词)中读清辅音/θ/.例:three/θri:/,thirty/'θә:ti/,thirteen/'θә:'ti:n/,third/ θә:d/,fourth/fɔ:θ/,fiftieth/'fiftiiθ/,thousand/'θauzәnd/,hundredth/'handrәdθ/
4.除上述单词外,一般位于词首的th读/θ/.例:theatre/'θiәtә/,thick/θik/,thin/θin/,throat/θrәut/,theory/'θiәri/,thrust/θrast/,thread/θred/,thorough/'θarә/,Thursday/'θә:zdi/
5.以th结尾的单词,th读清辅音/θ/.例:truth/tru:θ/,worth/wә:θ/,breath/breθ/,both/bәuθ/,cloth/klɔθ/,path/pa:θ/,wealth/welθ/,length/leŋθ/,strength/streŋθ/发音特殊的单词,例:smooth/smu:ð/
6.在复合词中,th的读音与在原词中的读音相同.例:something / 'samθiŋ/,anything/'eniθiŋ/,nothing/'naθiŋ/还有前面提到的within,without等.
7.其他无规则可循的词分列如下:maths/mæθs/,arithmetic/ә'riθmәtik/,clothing/klәuðiŋ/,clothes/klәuðz/,southern/'saðәn/,northern/'nɔ:ðәn/,worthy/'wә:ði/,author/'ɔ:θә/,sympathy/'simpәθi/
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