问一下宾语丛句陈述语序的结构

题目

问一下宾语丛句陈述语序的结构

答案

宾语从句-时态
1·主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态.
2·主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态.
3·主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时.
宾语从句-连接词
1．连词that：只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中或非正式文体中常被省略.
He knew（that）he should work hard．
2．连词whether或if：它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,口语中多用if.
Do you know whether he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning?
3．连接代词who,whom ,whose,what, which：它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有其自己的意义.
The teacher asked the new student which class he was in?（which引导宾语从句,在从句中作定语,修饰class,意为“哪个”.）
4．连接副词when,where, why,how：起连接作用,分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语,各有其自己的意义.
I wonder where he got so much money．对他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑.（where在从句中作地点状语,修饰got,意为“哪里；什么地方”.
宾语从句-类型
一． 陈述句充当宾语从句：
陈述句充当宾语从句用that引导,that可以省略.
简单句：She was much better.Lily said.
从句：Lily said that she was much better.(Lily 说她好多了)
二．一般疑问句充当宾语从句：
1．一般疑问句充当宾语从句用if 或whether引导,从句应采取陈述句的语序.
简单句：I wonder. Can Jack swim in such a wide river ?
从句：I wonder whether Jack can swim in such a wide river.
2. whether引导宾语从句时可以和if互换,但是下列情况只能用whether.
1）介词后的宾语从句用whether引导.
I’m worrying about whether she will come. （我在担心她是否会来.）
2）宾语从句提前时,用whether引导.
Whether you can come, I don’t care.（我不介意你是否能来）
3）后面紧跟or not时, 应用whether引导.
We don’t know whether or not she will like the gift. (我不知道她是否会喜欢这个礼物.)
4）与代替从句的不定式连用时,应用whether引导.
I don’t know whether to go or stay.(我不知道是去还是留)
5）在discuss, wonder后做宾语从句时,用whether引导.
We are discussing whether we will put off the meeting. (我们正在讨论是否推迟会议)
三.特殊疑问句充当宾语从句：
特殊疑问句充当宾语从句时,保留原来的疑问词,并改为陈述句的语序.
简单句：Whose book is this ? Her brother asked.
从句：Her brother asked me whose book this was .
四、动词的宾语从句
大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
He told us that they would help us though the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?
动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有:make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.
五、介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的.
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知
六、形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised　　
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望