求“理性”和“理性精神”的英文解释!

题目

求“理性”和“理性精神”的英文解释!
最好有出处,或有英文讨论这两个概念的文章!

答案

意思和感性相对 ,指处理问题按照事物发展的规律和自然进化原则来考虑的态度,考虑问题、处理事情不冲动,不凭感觉做事情
《现代汉语词典》中这样解释：
[理性]
1指属于判断、推理等活动的（跟感性相对）：理性认识.
2从理智上控制行为的能力：失去理性
[理性认识]认识的高级阶段.在感性认识的基础上,把所获得的感觉材料,经过思考、分析,加以去粗取精、去伪存真、由此及彼、由表及里的整理和改造,形成概念、判断、推理.理性认识是感性认识的飞跃,它反映事物的全体、本质和内部联系.
理性其实是指在理论中依靠逻辑推理得到可靠结论,丝毫没有涉及逻辑推理的前提是否完备的问题.注意：结论的可靠性与结论全体的完备性是两个概念.理性的功绩在于：当前提可靠时,它能使结论是可靠的.一个结论不可靠的理论会有任何价值吗?但是理性并不必然导致结论全体是完备的.事实上,迄今为止,有哪一个科学理论敢宣称自己是完备的?但是不完备并不说明这个理论就“不行”!事实上,我们今天所享用的一切现代文明成果,如飞机、互联网、电脑、核电站,统统都是不完备的科学理论的成果.为什么会这样?因为这些理论虽然是不完备的,但却是可靠的!歌德尔定理说我们不可能有一个完备的理论,没错!可那又怎样?难道我们愿意牺牲可靠性来换取完备性吗?恐怕这世上只有李大师一类的“理论”才会是“完备”的.
在我们所有一切表象中的主要区别即直观表象和抽象表象的区别.后者只构成表象的一个类,即概念.而概念在地球上只为人类所专有.这使人异于动物的能力,达到概念的能力,自来就被称为理性.－－－－叔本华
Meaning and sensitive faculty are opposite,regulation and nature which point a reason problem according to the thing development evolve a principle to the attitude for consider,consideration problem,handle the affair don't excite,don't do an affair with the felling
《Modern Chinese language phrase Dian 》medium so hermeneutic:
[Reasonableness]
1 belongs to judgment and reason logically etc.activity of:(and the sensitive faculty be opposite)The reasonableness know.
2 from rational top control the ability of the behavior:Lose reasonableness
[Reasonableness understanding]cognitive deluxe stage.The foundation known in the sensitive faculty up,chase acquisition get of felling material,through thinking,analysis,take into go to thick take Jing,go to false save really,from here and that,from form and in of sorting and reformation,become concept and judge,reason logically.The reasonableness understanding is a sensitive faculty to know of leap,all,essence and inner part of its reflection thing contact.
Reasonableness in fact means to depend on logic to reason logically to get dependable conclusion in the theories,the slightest didn't involve the premise that the logic reason logically whether complete problem.Notice:The credibility and conclusion entireness complete of the conclusion is two concepts.The merit of the reasonableness lie in:While suggesting credibility at present,it can make the conclusion be dependable.Would an ories with not dependable conclusion have any value?But reasonableness also need not however cause the conclusion all be complete.In fact,up to the present,have which science does the theories dare to enounce that oneself is complete?But not complete don't explain this ories"do not go"!In fact,the whole modern civilization results we enjoy use of today,like airplane,Internet,computer,pit electricity station,entirely and all is not complete science theoretical of result.Meeting why so?Because although these orieses aren't complete,but are dependable!The song virtuous Er axioms says that it is impossible for us tos have a complete theories,right!Can that how again?Difficult way would we like to sacrifice credibility to exchange complete?Perhaps this in this world only a type"theories"s of Lee master would be "complete".
Namely keep the differentiation of view idea and abstract idea at our main differentiation in all whole ideas.The latter is 1 which constitute an idea,namely concept.But the concept particularly has on the earth at behavior.This ability which makes the person differ with animal,attain the ability of concept,from come and then is called reasonableness.