实证分析和规范分析的区别.

题目

实证分析和规范分析的区别.
求经济学高手指教.说的尽量简洁易懂一些.不要复制粘贴的大理论.
这里还有一个作业题.请帮做一下.
Which of the statements below is relatively more normative in nature?
A) Raising tax rates on the rich will reduce economic growth.
B) An increase in the minimum wage will increase the unemployment rate.
C) It is important to reduce the unemployment rate.
D) The distribution of income is determined primarily by the quality of education received.
E) Nations that foster equality of opportunity rather than equality of outcome have higher growth rates and higher average standards of living.

答案

简单地说,实证分析(positive analysis)研究的是“是什么”（how 、what）,是对事实的客观反映,不加入价值判断.实证分析重在用统计数据、模型等分析.如：物价指数是多少、国民收入是多少,是实证分析.
规范分析(normative analysis)研究的是“应该怎样”（should shouldn't right wrong）,加入了价值的判断.规范分析重在逻辑推理、论述道理.如：是否应该征收房产税、人民币对美元汇率是否应该提高,是规范分析.
选C.