If you have dinner with people in the west, I think you must pay more attention
题型：不详难度：来源：
When you eat something, try not to make a noise or burp (打嗝) at the table. Because people think that is not polite. People will say “Excuse me” when they want to burp.
Talking with food in the mouth is very rude. So you must eat the food quietly and slowly. If you eat too fast, people think you are rude too. Do not talk with others when you have food in your mouth.
It is good to eat all the food on your plate. This means you like the food very much. Remember to say the food is nice. And this can make the host very happy. When you finish eating, you can place your knife and fork together.
小题1:The topic of this passage is in the west.
| A．how to burp | B．what to eat | C．school rules | D．table manners |
| A．To eat all the food on your plate. |
| B．To eat the food quietly and slowly. |
| C．To talk with others when you have food in your mouth. |
| D．To place your knife and fork together after finishing eating. |
| A．To eat the food on the plate quickly. |
| B．To tell the host that the food is not tasty. |
| C．To say “Excuse me” when you want to burp. |
| D．To talk with people loudly when you have food in your mouth. |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:C
解析
试题分析：这篇文章讲述了一些有用的西方餐桌礼仪。
小题1:细节题。根据文章Here are some good table manners for you.可知，这篇文章的主题是西方国家的餐桌礼仪。故选D
小题2:细节题。根据文章可知，在西方人家了吃饭时，应该吃光你盘子里的食物，应该安静慢慢地吃，如果嘴里有食物的时候不要说话，吃完饭后要把你的刀子和叉子放在一起。故选C
小题3:细节题。根据文章可知，在当你想打嗝的时候，要说“对不起”。故选C
点评：每一篇说明文都对某一个现象进行了全方位的说明介绍。对于初三的阅读重在理解句意和上下文衔接的逻辑关系。需要将文章的每句话都要认真的理解，在理解的基础再去做题，把握细节部分即可答出。
举一反三
◆Respect
Respect means to respect（尊重）others in everyday life. Even if you are against a person, it is important to have respect. It is this respect that makes us human. Without this respect, we become animals. We need to respect our friends for our friendships. We even need to respect our enemies, because they help us to grow up and be stronger. Respect is one of the crucial values in a relationship.
◆Love
Love is everything. With love in our hearts, we feel no need to hurt another. With love in our hearts, we will pay more attention to the similarities in opinions rather than the disagreement. If we want others to be good to us, we need to be good to them. After all, we give love to get love, right?
◆Loyalty
People often forget the meaning and importance of loyalty（忠诚）. Loyalty is necessary for people to believe in each other. In no matter what kind of relationship, we need to believe in each other so that we can work together towards the same goal.
◆Honesty
Honesty is to show other people who we really are. Honesty helps us do better, because it makes us realize our problems and find ways to solve them. It is this honesty, that will make others help you out, not because you need it. But, because they have problems too, which you can help out with. This honesty will help us follow the other values in society and, truly, "heal the world"!
小题1:The Chinese meaning of the word “value” in the passage is probably “___________”.
| A．价格 | B．价值观念 | C．生活习惯 | D．爱好 |
| A．Loyalty | B．Honesty | C．Love | D．Respect |
| A．grow up and become stronger |
| B．believe in each other |
| C．never hurt another and be good to others |
| D．realize our problems and find ways to solve them |
| A．Values we need for our society | B．Love and honesty |
| C．Our society | D．How to change our society |
It is reported by Chinese Xinhua News that students waste more food than the national average. So the campaign on school food waste is getting popular across the country. The move is part of a national campaign started by students at different schools.
At East China University of Science, students who finish their food in the school dining hall get a special card when they return their plates after meals. Students can collect cards and exchange them for small gifts, such as books, schoolbags, magazines and umbrellas. “It’s been such a surprise,” said Liang Zhaoyun, 19, a student in Shanghai. “It has given us one more motivation to eat up our food.”
“The purpose of the campaign is not only to encourage students to finish their food. We hope it can also teach students to choose a more environment-friendly and healthy lifestyle,” said Tao Siliang from University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Other schools also pay attention to the quantity of food. At Nanjing No.9 Middle School, rice is divided into three different-sized bowls that students can choose from according to their own need. “It’s great because I can try different dishes at half price and don’t waste so much food,” said Fan Peng, 15, a student from this middle school.
What if you really can’t finish all your food? At Changchun Normal College, they provide a take-away service. “If you can’t finish all your food, you can get a box to take the left food home. Even if you feed the cat, it’s not wasted,” said Zhou Zeyong, a student who learns Chinese education.
“I’m happy that we’ve cut down waste since joining the school ‘eat-up’ meeting. But some food is poorly cooked, meaning that students are not willing to finish it all. Some schools have taken note of this. So if we hope students try to waste less food, we should also improve the service and keep an eye on the meal quality on weekdays at school. If not, you can’t complain students for throwing away much food,” said Wang Guangji, the head-teacher of Beijing No. 29 Middle School.
小题1:Why did we start the campaign on food waste at schools? Because __________.
| A．food waste at school is very serious. |
| B．students should not eat more food |
| C．it is students’ duty to eat less food |
| D．it’s easy for schools to start a campaign |
| A．Students who buy some special cards. |
| B．Students who eat up all the food. |
| C．Students who do some dishes. |
| D．Students who spend money on gifts. |
| A．Getting small gifts is surprising. |
| B．Different-sized bowls make students happy. |
| C．Students should take a healthy lifestyle. |
| D．It’s a good idea to feed a cat with left food. |
| A．The campaign is only to encourage students to eat up food. |
| B．We try to think up many good ways to help clear plates. |
| C．We will make notes if students waste much food again. |
| D．We shouldn’t complain students for throwing away food |
Dolores grew up in California. She was a good student and liked school. After she finished high school, she went to college and studied to be a teacher. After she became a teacher, Dolores noticed that many of her students were not getting enough food to eat. Some of them wore very old clothes. Dolores wondered how she could help them.
Dolores decided to stop teaching so that she could spend more time helping the farm workers and their families. One thing she wanted to do was to get more pay for farm workers so they could buy their children the things they needed.
Dolores knew that many farm workers moved often from one place to another to help pick different kinds of fruits and vegetables. She began talking and writing about these workers. Even people who lived far from California read what Dolores wrote.
Getting higher pay for the farm workers was not easy. Dolores worked hard to make sure that farm workers got good pay for their work. She knew that nothing would change unless people made new laws to help the workers. Through all her hard work, new laws were made that gave farm workers good pay.
Dolores Huerta has worked for more than 30 years in many different ways to make life better for working people. She has shown how much one person can change things.
小题1:Dolores became a ____ after she left college.
| A．farmer | B．teacher | C．worker | D．lawyer |
| A．she found it was too boring for her | B．the work condition was too bad |
| C．she wanted to do more for others | D．she got little pay for her work |
| A．She gave them food and clothes. | B．She helped them teach their children. |
| C．She helped them got more pay. | D．She made new laws for them. |
The high school graduation exams that most states (州) require students to pass before they graduate remain far too easy. Most of the exams generally test eighth-or ninth-grade level work.
Today, even high school graduates who are going to have blue-collar (蓝领) jobs need to study the math, research and writing courses. But in high school, only students who are going to college are now required to take these courses.
“If you want a good job with a good pay, it’s a high-skill job,” said Michael Cohen, a leading member of the America Diploma Project.
The project suggests that all graduates master a wide range (范围) of skills. “A high school diploma should mean something to a company and university,” said Ohio Gov. Bob Taft, who is Achieve’s co-chairman.
In Taft’s state, about 30% students who go directly to college from high school have to take remedial classes of English or math, he said. It’s easy to see that the present high-school graduating standards are not preparing students for college education.
And with high-skilled jobs increasingly headed overseas to places like India and Ireland, states need to act, he said.
To prove why math and reading skills matter, the report includes real-life examples of problems students meet in college and that workers must solve each day on the job.
Some states are taking actions to upgrade the high school diploma. In Texas, all high school students, starting with the 2008 graduating class, will have to take the college-prep curriculum (大学预备课程) - unless a parent agrees to an easier course load. Other states are planning similar moves.
The report includes examples of reading and math skills that high-school students should have. Project leaders say they hope parents will use those examples to judge (评定) the coursework at their kids’ high schools.
小题1:Why is the high school diploma losing its value quickly?
| A．Because the number of high school students is growing fast. |
| B．Because high school students fail to reach the standards. |
| C．Because the graduation tests are easier than it should be. |
| D．Because difficult courses are not required in high schools. |
| A．for good learners to study quickly and better |
| B．for slower learners weak in the subject |
| C．for learners to be taught one by one |
| D．for learners to reach a higher standard |
| A．Colleges require higher math and reading skills than companies. |
| B．It is easier for companies to find high-skilled workers in India. |
| C．Math and reading skills help little for workers to solve daily problems. |
| D．Parents ask high schools to offer college-prep curriculum in Texas. |
| A．High School Diploma Means Little |
| B．Give Students More High-skill Jobs |
| C．Math and Reading Skills Really Matter |
| D．Judge Coursework at High Schools |
Almost every Chinese person can recite the two lines of the famous poem, “Every grain on the plate comes from hard work(谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦).” But sadly, many of us don’t actually get the real meaning of these lines: Don’t waste food.
A CCTV program, News One Plus One, reported that the food Chinese people throw away every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year.
Do we have too much food? Of course not. According to the UN World Food Program, there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2010, especially in developing countries. Six million children die of hunger every year.
Chinese people are well known for being hospitable(好客的) and generous. Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food on the table.
Luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of saving food. Last November, Li Hong, a waitress in a restaurant in Nanjing, got fired because she took some left over food home for her son. Many people stood by her side and criticized(批评) the waste of food.
What should we do in our daily lives to waste less food? Here are some tips:
1. Do not order too much in a restaurant. Only order as much as you want to eat. If you cannot eat all the food you ordered, take the rest of it home.
2. Don’t be too picky(挑剔的) about food. Some food may not taste great, but your body needs it.
3. Keep an eye on what food you have at home. Don’t buy too much, especially for vegetables and fruit.
小题1:How many people were hungry in the world in 2010 according to the UN World Food Program?
| A．200 million. | B．Six million. | C．925 million. | D．625 million. |
| A．Many Chinese restaurants waste a large amount of food. |
| B．Many Chinese people are kind-hearted and ready to help the weak. |
| C．Chinese people feel that they lose face if their guests eat all the food. |
| D．Many Chinese people don’t agree with the behavior of wasting food. |
| A．过期的 | B．剩余的 | C．腐烂的 | D．难吃的 |
| A．food comes from very hard work |
| B．six million children die of hunger every day |
| C．there is enough food to feed all the people |
| D．Chinese are hospitable and generous |
| A．Ordering more than you need at a restaurant. |
| B．Taking home restaurant leftovers. |
| C．Not knowing what you already have at home when shopping |
| D．Not eating the food you don’t like even if it’s healthy. |
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