This dictionary tells you about English words and how to use them in reading, wr
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This dictionary tells you about English words and how to use them in reading, writing and speaking English. It not only gives the meaning of words, it can also help you with spelling, word building, grammar and pronunciation.
To use your dictionary correctly, you need to understand how the dictionary works. At the front of the book, you will find some exercises to help you make the most use of your dictionary.
If you look up the word “colour”, you will find two spellings for this word. “Colour” is used in British English, while “color” is used in American English. When such a thing happens, the dictionary shows it with the word “BrE” for British English and “AmE” for American English.
The dictionary also helps you pronounce words correctly. It uses a special alphabet (特殊字母表) to show pronunciation. If you turn to the inside back face, you will see all the phonetic letters (音标) with some words to show you how they are pronounced. Just have a look at this page when you’re not sure how to say a word.
The most important reason for using a dictionary is to find out the meaning of a word—its DEFINITION.
In this dictionary, the definitions have been written using only 2000 words. This means that the definitions of even the most difficult words are simply explained and easy to understand.
小题1:According to the passage, “neighbor” is used in ______ English. | A．Australian | B．Canadian | C．American | D．British |
小题2:In Paragraph 5, what does the underlined word “definition” mean? 小题3:The dictionary explains ______. | A．some of the difficult words | B．all the words in a simple way | | C．all the easy words | D．the words of two meanings |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:B |
解析
试题分析：这篇短文主要是关于字典的。字典包含了单词的拼写，发音，词意等信息。要使用好字典，应该先了解字典。字典里会注明一些单词的英式拼写和美式拼写，并且使用特殊字母表来帮助你正确读出单词。它还会用简单的单词来解释单词的含义，使单词更易理解。
小题1:判断推理题。根据文中内容“Colour” is used in British English, while “color” is used in American English. “Colour”是英式英语；而“color”是美式英语。从而可以判断“neighbor”是美式英语，故选C。
小题2:词意猜测题。结合前后文The most important reason for using a dictionary is to find out the meaning of a word—its DEFINITION.使用字典最重要的原因是找到单词的意思——它的词义；故选D。
小题3:细节理解题。根据文中内容This means that the definitions of even the most difficult words are simply explained and easy to understand.这意味着甚至最难的单词的词意也能轻易地解释和容易理解；故选B。 |
举一反三
The father’s role in the family is important. One researcher says babies who are cared for by their fathers have greater cognitive (认知的) development at one year of age than babies not cared for by their fathers. Another researcher reports that by spending time with their pre-school children, fathers can help to develop children’s language ability. Researchers also point out that for school-age children, fathers are one bridge with the outside world.
Fathers who value (重视) education have children who do better in school than those children whose fathers don’t value education. What’s more, fathers who spend quality time with their children may give their children happy memories which may last a lifetime.
While each father is a unique person who educates children in his own style, good fathers have something in common.
Good fathers attend their children’s school activities. They also involve the children in their lives and the adult world by taking them to see the workplace, or by taking them when the car needs to be repaired, etc.
Good fathers expect a great deal from their children, but also accept and support the unique individuals (个体) that their children are becoming.
Good fathers prefer explanations and reasoning to force.
Good fathers know their time with children is really an investment (投资) in them.
Being an involved father is good for children and good for fathers. Both children and fathers have the chance for growth and development. Today’s lifestyles are changing. More and more fathers are keeping a balance between their personal life, work, and family time.
小题1:According to the passage, we can find that .| A．fathers have an important influence on their children from babyhood through adulthood | | B．fathers’ involvement (介入) is the most important in children’s development | | C．all fathers have the same way of educating their children | | D．fathers are more important than mothers in the family |
小题2:A unique person in the third paragraph means “a person who ”.| A．has the same ideas as others | | B．is the only one of his type | | C．does everything without considering others’ ideas | | D．tries to do everything well |
小题3:Which of the following statements is CORRECT according to the passage? | A．Good fathers attend their children’s school activities but never take them to their workplace. | | B．Good fathers expect a great deal from their children and force them to work hard. | | C．Good fathers try to make it clear to their children that staying with their fathers is an investment. | | D．Good fathers improve themselves when they spend time with their children. |
小题4:The passage is mainly about __________ .| A．how to be a qualified father | | B．the growth and development of both fathers and children | | C．the father’s role in the growth and development of children | | D．the change of the father’s role in modern society |
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Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to connect the brain with computers. Braincomputer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.
Recently, two scientists, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytehnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, show a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person’s thoughts.
In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.
“Our brain has billions of body cells(细胞). These send signals through the spinal cord(脊髓) to the body part to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries(脊柱受伤) or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the body part.” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with outer world and also to control machines.”
The scientists designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer finds meanings of the signals and commands the wheelchair with an engine. The wheelchair also has two cameras that tell objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain.
Prof. Millan , the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that finds meanings of brain signals and turns them into simple commands.” The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two kinds: communication, and controlling objects. One example is this wheelchair.”
He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can get advantages from. And the other is sure that they can use the technology for long.
小题1:BCI is a technology that can________.| A．help to make computer systems more modern | | B．connect the human brain with computers | | C．help the disabled to be healthier | | D．control a person’s thoughts |
小题2:Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?| A．scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair | | B．computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair | | C．scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair | | D．cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair |
小题3:The team will test with real patients to_________.| A．make money from them | | B．prove the technology useful to them | | C．make them live longer | | D．learn about their physical condition |
小题4:Which of the following would be the best title for the text?| A．Switzerland, the BCI research Center | | B．New Findings About How the Human Brain Works | | C．BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled | | D．Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Sickness |
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There is a famous English saying "You are what you eat", and it means what you put in your mouth will become part of you. Many experts（专家） use it to tell people it"s important to have a good eating habit. For example, too much sweet food makes a person overweight. To avoid being fat, kids are told to keep off sweet food. However, a team of American scientists have discovered something new about eating sweet food.
"When we say some people "sweet", we mean they are kind and friendly to us. Perhaps this word can help us learn more about people"s feelings and acts." said Brian Meier, a scientist from the study team. "Taste is something we experience every day. What we have done is to find whether we can know someone"s character and behavior depending on their taste."
In one of their experiments, college students were asked questions about their character- whether, for example, they were soft-hearted or not. Then they were asked to make a list of their favorite food. According to their answers, the scientists found that the students who liked sweet food were nicer.
In their another experiment, the scientists found that people who preferred sweet food such as cookies and chocolate were more willing to help other people in need, and those who ate non-sweet food such as chips weren"t. For example, people with a sweet tooth were more likely to volunteer to clean up their city, visit sick children in the hospital and so on.
The result of the experiments is that people"s helpfulness or being nice has something to do with their taste for sweet food. So eating sweet food is a useful way to make people nice and helpful. Next time, try some ice-cream.
小题1:The underlined word "it" in the sentence "Many experts use it to tell people it"s important to have a good eating habit." refers to______.| A．the sweet food | B．the English saying | | C．the American team | D．the eating habit |
小题2:According to the result of the experiments, sweet food makes people______.| A．overweight | B．excited | C．relaxed | D．friendly |
小题3:The scientists found that the people who preferred______ were less helpful.| A．chips | B．chocolate | C．ice-cream | D．cookies |
小题4:It can be learnt from the passage that______.| A．scientists asked college students questions about their future | | B．scientists told college students not to eat sweet food | | C．people with a sweet tooth are more willing to help others | | D．people"s character has nothing to do with their taste |
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Jim is the son of a farm owner. One New Year"s Day, when he was 15 years old, his father him to work on the farm for one year at his free time. Jim was with his father"s idea. "That isn"t my job. I have schoolwork to do. " At hearing this, his father said, "I promise(答应) to give you the best present if you finish one year"s work. , Jim thought for a while and . Starting one Saturday, the boy got up early and worked until evening, just like any other farmer. Time passed . Jim"s crops grew very well. On the last day of the year, the father called his son to him, "I"m happy to see that you have worked very hard the whole year," said the father, Now, tell me you want." The boy smiled and showed his father a big piece of bread made from his wheat. "I"ve already got the present. No pains, no gains. I think this is what you wanted me to .
| 小题1: | | A．asked | B．invited | C．promised | D．helped |
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| 小题2: | | A．happy | B．unhappy | C．excited | D．familiar |
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| 小题3: | | A．a few | B．so little | C．too much | D．too many |
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| 小题5: | | A．refused | B．answered | C．agreed | D．began |
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| 小题6: | | A．hard | B．hardly | C．easily | D．difficultly |
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| 小题7: | | A．fast | B．quickly | C．slowly | D．immediately |
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| 小题9: | | A．least | B．worse | C．best | D．smallest |
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| 小题10: | | A．decide | B．like | C．take | D．know |
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Saying no starts small
"All right then-just one more piece…" Words every girl has said when they are faced with the delicious cheesecake. Of course, many of us know we may eat the whole thing in the end.
It isn"t just girls. Most of us find it hard to say "no" to something attractive, However, scientists now say that willpower is very important to success and a happy life.
Scientists in different countries have been studying the effects of willpower on people"s lives for a long time. The results are similar, according to an article on February 7 in the Guardian, a famous British newspaper.
In one experiment, scientists told young children that they could either have a marshmallow(圆形软糖) now, or two marshmallows in 15 minutes. Waiting obviously needed more willpower. Scientists then continued studying the children as they grew up. They wanted to see if some children always had stronger willpower. They also wanted to see how having stronger willpower affected their lives.
Years later, scientists found that the children who had waited for two marshmallows were all healthier, happier and richer adults. Oppositely, the children who had shown weaker willpower at that young age were more likely to be in low-paid jobs, to be overweight, to have social problems.
But there is hope, Roy F Baumeister, an American social psychology(心理学) professor(教授) told the Guardian. Baumeister says we can train our willpower just like we train our muscles. Even a little practice can strengthen our overall self-control if we do it regularly.
You could start by making yourself stand up straight, speaking in complete sentences, or using a computer mouse with the other hand. Scientists have found that people who manage to change little habits often perform much better in laboratory willpower tests.
Like muscles, willpower can "get tired". Don"t try to do too many things at the same time, or when you don"t have enough energy, for example when you are ill. If you already feel tired, you can try to recharge(恢复) your willpower with a good night"s sleep and by eating well.
小题1:The example of a girl eating cheesecake is used to_______.| A．prove that girls have weak willpower | | B．introduce the topic of willpower to the readers | | C．show that cheesecake is especially attractive to girls | | D．show the connection between willpower and success |
小题2:What can we infer from the experiment?| A．The scientists had already known the results before the experiment. | | B．It showed that willpower is the most important to success and a happy life. | | C．The children who chose to wait were more likely to be successful in their lives. | | D．The children who chose only one marshmallow at first had stronger willpower. |
小题3:Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the training of willpower?| A．You should have a goal every day. | | B．Good rest and proper diet can help. | | C．Willpower needs to be exercised regularly. | | D．Keep willpower from being used too much. |
小题4:What is the article mainly about?| A．How willpower and muscles are similar and how they can be trained. | | B．How willpower affects people"s lives and how it is similar to muscles. | | C．How willpower is important to success and how we can make it stronger. | | D．How willpower is connected with success and how they affect each other. |
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