For hundreds Of years, scientists have been trying to answer what things have an

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For hundreds Of years, scientists have been trying to answer what things have an effect on people’s emotions (情感). How you feel is controlled by many things. Your emotions can be affected by your personality, by the actions of others and by events around you. Perhaps you don’t know your emotions can be influenced by the weather as well.
People often say they feel good when the sun is shining and sad when it is cloudy. In fact, sunlight makes us feel good. When sunlight hits our skins, our bodies produce a vitamin. Vitamins are natural chemicals (化学物质) which we all need to stay healthy. Sunlight helps our bodies produce vitamin D. Vitamin D helps our bodies make a special chemical. This special chemical affects our brains (大脑) and makes us feel happy. For example, there are long, dark winters of little sunlight in Sweden and Norway, so many people in these countries often feel sad. Without much sunlight, their bodies produce less vitamin D. Without enough vitamin D, their bodies make less of this special chemical which makes them feel good. To help the people in these countries feel better, special “sunrooms” with artificial (人造的) lights have been built. People can go there and get “sunlight” for an hour or two!
The weather can also affect people’s emotions in other ways. Hot weather can make people angry because people feel uncomfortable when they are hot. In the same way, rain can make people angry because being wet can be unpleasant. As you can see, the weather can have an effect on the chemicals which control our brains. Through these ways, the weather can influence our emotions. Sadly, while the weather can change us, we can hardly change the weather.
小题1: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor (因素) that can affect one’s emotions?

A．Weather.	B．Actions of others.
C．Personality.	D．Age.

小题2:Which of the following is true about vitamin D according to the passage?

A．It is a kind of artificial chemical.

B．It makes us worried by affecting our brains.

C．It is needed by us all to keep fit.

D．It is in the sunlight.

小题3: What can we infer (推断) from the passage?

A．We feel good when we are in the bright cool weather.

B．We will be happy when we are caught in the rain.

C．All people in Norway and Sweden feel sad in winter.

D．The more vitamin D you have, the happier you’ll be.

小题4:What may be the best title for this passage?

A．Why Do We Feel Sad?

B．The Weather Influences People’s Emotions

C．People Need More Vitamin D

D．We Can Hardly Change the Weather

答案

小题1:D
小题1:C
小题1:A
小题1:B

解析

小题1:根据Your emotions can be affected by your personality, by the actions of others and by events around you.描述,可知影响人的情绪的因素不包括年龄.故选D.
小题1:根据Vitamins are natural chemicals (化学物质) which we all need to stay healthy. 描述,可知选C,我们都需要它来保持身体健康.
小题1:根据短文最后一段描述,可知天气也能影响人们的情绪,联系rain can make people angry 可知选A,我们在凉爽的好天气感觉也很好.
小题1:这篇短文主要描述了影响人情绪的因素之一,天气也能影响人的情绪,故选B.

举一反三

Why do you think people who live in some hot countries eat very spicy(辛辣的)food? Is it because the spices make the food taste better? Is it just because their parents and grandparents and great-grandparents liked hot food，or is there some connection between spices and healthy food?
Researchers from Cornell University think that it is because spice plants have some important chemicals(化学物质)．These chemicals can kill bacteria(细菌)which spoil food．
“Most common spices can kill 75 to 100 percent of the bacteria in food，”explains one of the scientists．The bacteria grow more easily and spoil food more quickly at higher temperatures．For this reason，it is more difficult to keep food from spoiling in hot climates，
Do you like your food spicy? Your answer probably tells something about the country you come from．If you like spicy food，it is possible that hundreds of years ago，when there were no fridges，people in your country started using spices to keep the food from spoiling．The traditional spicy dishes helped those people to live longer，healthier lives．Today，in a time of fridges，the spices just make the food taste good．
小题1:The chemicals in spices keep food from spoiling by_________．

A．making food taste better

B．making food hotter

C．killing bacteria in food

D．preventing bacteria getting into food

小题2:Food goes bad more quickly in hot climates because_______．

A．high temperature makes more bacteria

B．high temperature helps bacteria grow faster

C．bacteria get used to hot food

D．bacteria spoil food only at high temperature

小题3:According to the passage，spices are useful in an the following things except_______．

A．replacing fridges

B．helping you to live longer

C．helping to keep you healthier

D．making your food taste better

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Earthquake Intensity & Observed Effects（强度与现象）
I.       Felt by only a few people under very special conditions.
II. Felt by only a few people at rest, especially on the upper floors of buildings.
III. Felt noticeably indoors, especially on upper floors of buildings.
IV. Felt indoors by many people, outdoors by a few; some awaked.
V.    Felt by nearly everyone; many awaked; dishes and windows break; plaster (灰泥) cracks (开裂).
VI. Felt by everyone; many frightened and run outdoors; heavy furniture such as tables and shelves moves.
VII.   Everyone runs outdoors; small to moderate (中等的) damage(损毁) in usual buildings.
VIII. Considerable (相当大的) damage in usual buildings; monuments(碑) fall.
IX.    Considerable damage in all buildings; ground cracks; underground pipes (管道) break.
X.      Most buildings damaged; rails bend(弯曲); landslides (山崩) take place; water splashes(溅落) over banks.
XI.    Few buildings left standing; bridges damaged; wide cracks in the ground; underground pipes break.
XII.   Damage total; waves seen on ground; objects thrown into air.
小题1:According to the picture, what is the possible position of the earthquake’s epicenter?

A．36°N, 90°W.

B．36°N, 90°E.

C．90°N, 36°W.

D．90°N, 36°E.

小题2:What is the effects of earthquake intensity IV?

A．Everyone runs outdoors.

B．Only a few people feel it.

C．Many people who stay indoors feel it.

D．Felt by people on the upper floors of buildings.

小题3:According to the picture, which city would have announced the report: “Nearly everyone felt the earthquake, and many people were awaked. Dishes and windows were broken”?

A．Cincinnati.

B．Louisville.

C．Pittsburgh.

D．Nashville.

小题4:Which statement best describes the earthquake intensity at Boston?

A．Felt indoors by few people under very special conditions.

B．Few buildings left standing.

C．Felt noticeably indoors, especially on upper floors of buildings.

D．Felt indoors by many people, outdoors by a few, some awaked.

小题5:For which city was the description of an earthquake “Heavy furniture moved, everyone felt it, and many were frightened and ran outdoors” reported?

A．Nashville.

B．Louisville.

C．Syracuse.

D．Cincinnati.

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What makes 15,000 men and women run for hours, and what makes them run through the streets on a cold day without coats? I was one of those runners. The race is called marathon (马拉松).
I had never run more than eight miles before, and here I was training. Since the race is in April, I had to run throughout the winter, and in Boston, winters are cold. For most people, just putting on their shirts, sweaters, jackets, and hats is exercise enough. I found myself out on the dark streets, running along ice sidewalks (人行道). Even in gloves, my fingers got so cold that they looked like red carrots. My nose didn’t get warm until lunchtime !
Finally, the big day arrived. The weather was cold, with ice and rain. Bang! The gun sounded, and we started. I didn’t go anywhere at first because I was standing behind so many people. I had to wait for them to move.
At first, the running was easy. The other runners just seemed to pull me along. Somewhere around the 20-mile mark I even said to myself, "This is nothing, why did I train so hard?"
Then I hit "the wall". "The wall" is what marathon runners call the special point. I knew my body reached the point and I thought I couldn’t go any more. I was out of breath and my legs turned into pieces of wood. I was almost falling down. I can’t remember anything about the last five miles of the race.
I kept running though. At last, I heard a voice at the finishing line.
"You look good," my friend Ted said. "How did it feel?"
"Wonderful !" I replied.
For everything, if you devote yourself into it, there will be a way. I finished the race, at least, in my heart, I was the winner.
小题1:Which one best describes the weather on the race day?

A．Cold and rainy.

B．Cold and sunny.

C．Dry and cloudy.

D．Wet and foggy.

小题2: How did the writer feel about the race during the first 20 miles?

A．Difficult.

B．Boring.

C．Easy.

D．Interesting.

小题3: According to the article, what must someone do to prepare for a marathon?

A．One must eat certain food and get plenty of sleep.

B．One must be willing to eat, sleep, and train twenty-four hours a day.

C．One must run along ice sidewalks every day.

D．One must be willing to train a lot and doesn’t give up easily.

小题4:Then I hit "the wall". What do you think "hit the wall" means here?

A．撞击墙壁

B．到达极限

C．抵达终点

D．中途加速

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Here is a page from a magazine called Future. Read the following information about things that may happen in ten years.

Cars will run on solar power (太阳能) and will be much cleaner. They will be much safer. For example, if you are too close to another car or if you are driving dangerously, your car will slow down or stop by itself.
New cities will have to be built in the sea. Some cities on water will have two levels (层). People will live on the upper level; the lower level will be used for traffic, shops and factories.
Biotechnology (生物技术) will make food better and healthier. Plants without insects or illnesses (病虫害) will be developed. The taste of fruit and vegetables will be better and food will be kept longer.
Many new ways to cure (治愈) illnesses will be found. People will use products of genetic engineering (基因产品) to cure more illnesses. However, some new illnesses will appear.
小题1:What will happen in the future according to the passage?

A．The air won’t be much cleaner.

B．Cars will run by itself without a driver.

C．It’ll be much more dangerous to drive a car.

D．There’ll be fewer accidents and less pollution (污染).

小题2:Where will new cities have to be built in the future?

A．In the sea.	B．In the sky.
C．Underground.	D．On the land.

小题3: What will be made better and healthier by biotechnology?

A．Medicine.	B．Toys.
C．Food.	D．Clothes.

小题4: Genetic engineering will help doctors to cure more________.

A．cold	B．illnesses
C．cancer	D．headache

小题5: Which is the best title (标题) of the passage?

A．Cars in the future.

B．Get ready for the future.

C．How to keep food longer?

D．Where will people live in the future?

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A new school term begins, Is anything new at your school? Sichuan students are getting an extra (额外的)hour to sleep in the morning.
This year, Sichuan schools decided that students should start classes later. This should help them feel less tired, For Junior high schools, the first classes will begin no earlier than 8:30 am.
The changes have made students happy.
Liu Xian, 15, said his class was excited by the news on the first day of school. “It’s so good we can get up later!” said Liu.
Liu studies in Chengdu No.4 Middle School. He used to get up at 6:40 am. Now he can get up at 7:40 am because class doesn’t start until 8:40 am.
Wu Hongli, 15, said the new timetable is good for her health. “I used to drink coffee every night or I would feel to sleepy to finish my homework, ”said Wu. “Now I can finish it without coffee.”She used to get up at 6:30 am. Now she can get up at 7:30 am.
Wu Hongli’s mother was happy, too. She thought more sleep would help her daughter grow taller.
But some parents worried that more sleep would mean less learning. There used to be five classes in the morning. Now there are only four.
Many teachers, though, say the changes will help students learn better.
“Students used to doze(瞌睡)for the first two classes in the morning,”said Wu Zongping, an English teacher at Chendu No.12 Middle School. “But now they look fine and they learn much better than before.”
小题1:What made the Sichuan middle school students happy?

A．The new school term began.	B．Their schools took on a new look.
C．They felt a little bit tired.	D．They could get up later.

小题2:In the new term, the first class in the morning in middle schools started at about .

A．7:00

B．7:30

C．8:00

D．8:40

小题3:Why was Liu Xian excited at the news on the first day of school?

A．There were many changes in his school.

B．He could sleep one more hour in the morning.

C．He could study in Chengdu No.4 Middle School.

D．He would have only five classes in the morning.

小题4:What did the teachers think of the changes of the school timetable?

A．They didn’t like the changes.	B．They could use the timetable more easily.
C．They spoke highly of the changes.	D．They looked fine when they taught.

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