Scientists are placing robotic dogs in the homes of lonely old people to test wh

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Scientists are placing robotic dogs in the homes of lonely old people to test wh

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Scientists are placing robotic dogs in the homes of lonely old people to test whether they can improve the quality of life for humans. Alan Beck, an expert(专家) in human-animal relationship, and Nancy Edwards, a professor of nursing, are leading the animal-assisted study on the effect of robotic dogs on old people’s depression (沮丧) , physical activity, and life satisfaction.
In the study, the robot, called AIBO, is placed for six weeks in the houses of some old people who live alone. Before placing AIBO in the home, scientists will collect baseline data(数据) for six weeks. These old people will keep a diary to note their feelings and activity before and after AIBO. Then, the scientists will review the data to test if it has produced any changes in the life of its owner.
“I talk to him all the time, and he responds to my voice,” says a seventy-year-old lady. “When I’m watching TV, he’ll stay in my arms until he wants down. He has his own mind.”
The AIBOs respond to certain orders. The scientists say they have some advantages over live dogs, especially for old people. Often the elderly are disabled and cannot care for an animal by walking it or playing with it. A robotic dog removes exercise and feeding concerns.
“At the beginning, it was believed that no one would relate(与……相关) to the robotic dog, because it was metal and not furry.” Beck says. “Hopefully, down the road, these robotic pets could become a more-valuable health helper. They will record their masters’ blood pressure, oxygen levels or heart rhythms(心律). AIBOs may even one day have games that can help stimulate(刺激) older people’s minds.”
小题1:The purpose of Beck and Edwards’ study is to _____________.
A．understand human-animal relationship
B．make lonely old people’s life better
C．find the causes of old people’s loneliness
D．improve the animal-assisted research
小题2: In the research, the old people are asked to _____________.
A．note the activities of AIBOs
B．keep AIBOs at home for 12 weeks
C．record their feelings and activity
D．study the collected information
小题3:What does the underlined word “removes” mean?
A．moves againB．is movableC．doesn’t needD．need
小题4:What is the better point of AIBO than live dogs?
A．It is easier to keep at home.
B．It can help the disabled people.
C．It responds to all the human orders.
D．It can watch TV with its owner.
小题5:The writer seems to suggest that the future robotic dogs may__________.
A．cure certain diseasesB．keep old people active
C．change people’s ideasD．look more like real dogs

答案

小题1:B
小题1:C
小题1:C
小题1:A
小题1:C
解析

小题1:根据第一段的第一句话中的“to determine whether they can improve the quality of life for humans. ”可知是为了让老人们过得更好。选B
小题1:根据第二段中的第三句话“These old people will keep a diary to note their feelings and activities. . . ”得出答案。选C
小题1:猜词题：句意：这种机器狗不必锻炼和照顾。选C
小题1:。根据第四段中提到机器狗比起真正的狗来有一些优势，然后后面举的例子可以推出“机器狗”容易“养活”。实际上就是说对老年人来说拥有一只机器狗比养一只活狗要容易得多。选A
小题1:在最后一段谈到机器狗的未来发展时，作者在最后一句话中提到了“AIBOs may even one day have games that can help stimulate older people’s minds. ”可推出它们可以使老年人更活跃。选C
举一反三

Our nearest neighbor is the moon. In the sky,  the moon and the sun seem to be of the same size because the moon is much nearer.
The moon makes the tides—the changes in the level of the sea. The moon and the sun together pull the sea. In some parts of the world,  the difference between * high tide’ (when the sea is very near to the land) and ’ low tide’ (when the sea is far away from the land) is very big. This is very important for ships.
The moon is very different from the Earth. Gravity on the moon is six times weaker than that on the Earth. There isn’t any air. During the day,  it is very,  very hot but at night it is very,  very cold. Nothing can live on the moon.
If the moon goes between the Earth and the sun,  we have an eclipse of the sun(日食) . The moon stops the light from the sun and we have night in the day.
If the Earth goes between the moon and the sun,  we have an eclipse of the moon. The moon goes into the shadow( 影子) of the Earth and it disappears for a few minutes.
小题1:When the moon goes between the Earth and the sun,  we have night in the day, we call it the eclipse of
A．the moonB．the sunC．the starsD．the Earth
小题2: Which of the following happens when we have an eclipse of the moon?
A．The Earth goes between the moon and the sun.
B．The moon goes into the shadow of the sun.
C．The moon goes into the shadow of its own.
D．The sun disappears for a few minutes.
小题3:Which of the following statements are TRUE?
a. The moon and the sun are of the same size.
b. Gravity on the Earth is 6 times stronger than that on the moon.
c. The changes in the level of the sea are called tides.
d. The moon itself pulls the sea and makes the tides.
e. When the sea is near to the land,  a high tide may happen.
f. It is much hotter in the day but much colder at night on the moon.
A．a. b. c. f.B．b. c. d. eC．a. d. e. fD．b. c. e. f

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For hundreds Of years, scientists have been trying to answer what things have an effect on people’s emotions (情感). How you feel is controlled by many things. Your emotions can be affected by your personality, by the actions of others and by events around you. Perhaps you don’t know your emotions can be influenced by the weather as well.
People often say they feel good when the sun is shining and sad when it is cloudy. In fact, sunlight makes us feel good. When sunlight hits our skins, our bodies produce a vitamin. Vitamins are natural chemicals (化学物质) which we all need to stay healthy. Sunlight helps our bodies produce vitamin D. Vitamin D helps our bodies make a special chemical. This special chemical affects our brains (大脑) and makes us feel happy. For example, there are long, dark winters of little sunlight in Sweden and Norway, so many people in these countries often feel sad. Without much sunlight, their bodies produce less vitamin D. Without enough vitamin D, their bodies make less of this special chemical which makes them feel good. To help the people in these countries feel better, special “sunrooms” with artificial (人造的) lights have been built. People can go there and get “sunlight” for an hour or two!
The weather can also affect people’s emotions in other ways. Hot weather can make people angry because people feel uncomfortable when they are hot. In the same way, rain can make people angry because being wet can be unpleasant. As you can see, the weather can have an effect on the chemicals which control our brains. Through these ways, the weather can influence our emotions. Sadly, while the weather can change us, we can hardly change the weather.
小题1: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor (因素) that can affect one’s emotions?
A．Weather.B．Actions of others.
C．Personality.D．Age.
小题2:Which of the following is true about vitamin D according to the passage?
A．It is a kind of artificial chemical.
B．It makes us worried by affecting our brains.
C．It is needed by us all to keep fit.
D．It is in the sunlight.
小题3: What can we infer (推断) from the passage?
A．We feel good when we are in the bright cool weather.
B．We will be happy when we are caught in the rain.
C．All people in Norway and Sweden feel sad in winter.
D．The more vitamin D you have, the happier you’ll be.
小题4:What may be the best title for this passage?
A．Why Do We Feel Sad?
B．The Weather Influences People’s Emotions
C．People Need More Vitamin D
D．We Can Hardly Change the Weather

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    Why do you think people who live in some hot countries eat very spicy(辛辣的)food? Is it because the spices make the food taste better? Is it just because their parents and grandparents and great-grandparents liked hot food，or is there some connection between spices and healthy food?
Researchers from Cornell University think that it is because spice plants have some important chemicals(化学物质)．These chemicals can kill bacteria(细菌)which spoil food．
“Most common spices can kill 75 to 100 percent of the bacteria in food，”explains one of the scientists．The bacteria grow more easily and spoil food more quickly at higher temperatures．For this reason，it is more difficult to keep food from spoiling in hot climates，
Do you like your food spicy? Your answer probably tells something about the country you come from．If you like spicy food，it is possible that hundreds of years ago，when there were no fridges，people in your country started using spices to keep the food from spoiling．The traditional spicy dishes helped those people to live longer，healthier lives．Today，in a time of fridges，the spices just make the food taste good．
小题1:The chemicals in spices keep food from spoiling by_________．
A．making food taste better
B．making food hotter
C．killing bacteria in food
D．preventing bacteria getting into food
小题2:Food goes bad more quickly in hot climates because_______．
A．high temperature makes more bacteria
B．high temperature helps bacteria grow faster
C．bacteria get used to hot food
D．bacteria spoil food only at high temperature
小题3:According to the passage，spices are useful in an the following things except_______．
A．replacing fridges
B．helping you to live longer
C．helping to keep you healthier
D．making your food taste better

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Earthquake Intensity & Observed Effects（强度与现象）
I.       Felt by only a few people under very special conditions.
II. Felt by only a few people at rest, especially on the upper floors of buildings.
III. Felt noticeably indoors, especially on upper floors of buildings.
IV. Felt indoors by many people, outdoors by a few; some awaked.
V.    Felt by nearly everyone; many awaked; dishes and windows break; plaster (灰泥) cracks (开裂).
VI. Felt by everyone; many frightened and run outdoors; heavy furniture such as tables and shelves moves.
VII.   Everyone runs outdoors; small to moderate (中等的) damage(损毁) in usual buildings.
VIII. Considerable (相当大的) damage in usual buildings; monuments(碑) fall.
IX.    Considerable damage in all buildings; ground cracks; underground pipes (管道) break.
X.      Most buildings damaged; rails bend(弯曲); landslides (山崩) take place; water splashes(溅落) over banks.
XI.    Few buildings left standing; bridges damaged; wide cracks in the ground; underground pipes break.
XII.   Damage total; waves seen on ground; objects thrown into air.
小题1:According to the picture, what is the possible position of the earthquake’s epicenter?
A．36°N, 90°W.B．36°N, 90°E.C．90°N, 36°W.D．90°N, 36°E.
小题2:What is the effects of earthquake intensity IV?
A．Everyone runs outdoors.
B．Only a few people feel it.
C．Many people who stay indoors feel it.
D．Felt by people on the upper floors of buildings.
小题3:According to the picture, which city would have announced the report: “Nearly everyone felt the earthquake, and many people were awaked. Dishes and windows were broken”?
A．Cincinnati.B．Louisville.C．Pittsburgh.D．Nashville.
小题4:Which statement best describes the earthquake intensity at Boston?
A．Felt indoors by few people under very special conditions.
B．Few buildings left standing.
C．Felt noticeably indoors, especially on upper floors of buildings.
D．Felt indoors by many people, outdoors by a few, some awaked.
小题5:For which city was the description of an earthquake “Heavy furniture moved, everyone  felt it, and many were frightened and ran outdoors” reported?
A．Nashville.B．Louisville.C．Syracuse. D．Cincinnati.

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What makes 15,000 men and women run for hours, and what makes them run through the streets on a cold day without coats? I was one of those runners.  The race is called marathon (马拉松).
I had never run more than eight miles before, and here I was training.  Since the race is in April, I had to run throughout the winter, and in Boston, winters are cold. For most people, just putting on their shirts, sweaters, jackets, and hats is exercise enough. I found myself out on the dark streets, running along ice sidewalks (人行道). Even in gloves, my fingers got so cold that they looked like red carrots. My nose didn’t get warm until lunchtime !
Finally, the big day arrived. The weather was cold, with ice and rain. Bang! The gun sounded, and we started. I didn’t go anywhere at first because I was standing behind so many people. I had to wait for them to move.
At first, the running was easy.  The other runners just seemed to pull me along. Somewhere around the 20-mile mark I even said to myself, "This is nothing, why did I train so hard?"
Then I hit "the wall". "The wall" is what marathon runners call the special point. I knew my body reached the point and I thought I couldn’t go any more. I was out of breath and my legs turned into pieces of wood.  I was almost falling down.  I can’t remember anything about the last five miles of the race.
I kept running though. At last, I heard a voice at the finishing line.
"You look good," my friend Ted said. "How did it feel?"
"Wonderful !" I replied.
For everything, if you devote yourself into it, there will be a way. I finished the race, at least, in my heart, I was the winner.
小题1:Which one best describes the weather on the race day?
A．Cold and rainy.B．Cold and sunny.C．Dry and cloudy.D．Wet and foggy.
小题2: How did the writer feel about the race during the first 20 miles?
A．Difficult.B．Boring.C．Easy.D．Interesting.
小题3: According to the article, what must someone do to prepare for a marathon?
A．One must eat certain food and get plenty of sleep.
B．One must be willing to eat, sleep, and train twenty-four hours a day.
C．One must run along ice sidewalks every day.
D．One must be willing to train a lot and doesn’t give up easily.
小题4:Then I hit "the wall". What do you think "hit the wall" means here?
A．撞击墙壁B．到达极限C．抵达终点D．中途加速

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