Information is received into our brain by attention, and its quality determines

题型：不详难度：来源：

Information is received into our brain by attention, and its quality determines (决定) how well it will be processed, saved and used afterwards.
All information we receive is chosen by our attention. Factors (因素) affecting (影响) our attention are personal interest, experience, ability, feelings, knowledge, environment, timing, and so on. The same information may attract different forms and levels of attention from different people. Some people can get and save the information easily; some may have great difficulty; while others may just turn a blind eye to it. To the same information, one may even pay different levels of attention at different times. But if the facts work together, the quality of attention may be better. Therefore, it is not surprising to see that somebody with average intelligence (智力) can have excellent performances in some fields.
The good news is that a person"s attention can be shaped, trained and made stronger by effective exercise. With this in mind, we should keep improving the quality of our attention.
小题1:"it" in Paragraph 1 means _______.

A．information

B．brain

C．attention

D．quality

小题2:All information we receive depends on _______.

A．information itself	B．our attention
C．our intelligence	D．the environment

小题3:Which is not the factor that affects our attention according to the passage?

A．Interest and experience.

B．Experience and knowledge.

C．Ability and feelings.

D．Food and drinks.

小题4:About attention, which of the following statements is right?

A．People always have the same level of attention.

B．People pay the same attention to the same information.

C．A person may pay different levels of attention to the same information at different times.

D．All factors affecting attention never work together.

小题5:According to the passage, _______ can help people to make their attention better.

A．speaking more	B．effective exercise
C．hard work	D．high intelligence

答案

小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:C
小题5:B

解析

短文属于说明文。讲解了注意的特点，影响注意的因素以及如何提高注意力。
小题1:词义猜测题。这里指的是“信息”被处理、贮存和再现。
小题2:细节理解题。从第二段第一句“All information we receive is chosen by our attention.”可知。
小题3:综合理解题。从第二段“Factors affecting our attention are personal interest, experience, ability, feelings, knowledge, environment, timing, and so on.”可知，D项不包含在内。
小题4:综合理解题。从第二段“To the same information, one may even pay different levels of attention at different times.”可知。
小题5:细节理解题。从最后一段可知。

举一反三

A Simple Scientific Experiment

Below is a description of a single scientific experiment. It shows us how iron reacts ( 反应) with air and with water.
Aim : To find out if iron rusts( 生锈) (a) in dry air ; (b) in water that has no air in it ( air- free water) ; (c) in ordinary water.
Materials : 3 clean iron nails ( 铁钉) ; test tubes ; test tube holder ; cotton wool ; oil ; Bunsen burner.

Iron in dry air
Method
(1)Put some iron nails at the bottom of a test tube.
(2)Push some cotton wool down the tube.
(3)Leave the tube for one week.
Result
After one week, the nails have not rusted.
Conclusion
Iron does not rust in dry air.
Iron in air-free water
Method
(1)Half-fill a test tube with water.
(2)Boil the water for three minutes. (This makes sure there is no air in the water.
(3)Put two or three clean nails in the water.

(4)Add some oil to the water. (This will keep air out of the water.)
(5) Leave the tube for one week.
Result
The nails do not rust in the tube with air-free water.
Conclusion
Iron does not rust in air- free water.
Iron in ordinary water
Method
(1)Half –fill a test tube with water and add two or three clean nails.
(2)Leave the tube for one week.
Result
The nails rust in the tube with ordinary water.
Conclusion
Iron rusts in ordinary water. (238 words)

小题1:In the first part of the experiment the cotton wool is most probably used to ______________.

A．keep the air dry	B．keep the tube wet
C．make the nails rust	D．keep the tube clean

小题2:What are necessary steps to make sure the water in the tube is air free?
①Leave half a tube of water in it
②Boil the water for some time
③Put some clean iron nails in the tube
④Add some oil to the water

A．①②

B．①③

C．②③

D．②④

小题3:We can conclude from the experiment that only ____________ makes iron rusty.

A．dry air

B．cotton wool

C．ordinary water

D．air-free water

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

Ever thought of moving to a new country? How about starting a new country? Patri Friedman is planning to do just that. He left Google years ago to set up the Seasteading Institute. And his dream is to build seasteads-----floating micro-nations in the middle of the ocean.
So, what will life on a seastead be like? Probably a bit like life on a cruise liner (游轮), but much larger, with shops, gyms, swimming pools, schools and other areas. In fact, the early seasteads may actually be specially-rebuilt cruise liners. But as science advances, Friedman believes they’ll become more like floating cities, with several hundred people.
Seasteading raises a lot of questions. First of all, how will the new countries make money? The Seasteading Institute has suggested several money-making ideas, including ocean-based theme parks, casinos (赌场) and fish farming. There’s also the questions of safety. With storms, typhoons and pirates (海盗) , the high seas are a dangerous place. However, the Institute says that it can stand bad weather and prevent crimes with its well-designed systems.
So, is this just a day dream? Well, maybe not. One of the people behind the project is Peter Thiel. He founded PayPal and was one of the first investors (投资者) in Facebook. So far, he’s donated $ 500,000 to the project.
And Friedman isn’t wasting any time. He recently announced the creation of the Poseidon Award. This will be given to the first seastead with fifty people. Friedman is hoping to hand out the award in 2015.
小题1:Where did Friedman use to work?

A．In Facebook.

B．In Seastead Institute .

C．In PayPal.

D．In Google.

小题2:A future seastead may be most likely to look like ___________________.

A．a cruise liner

B．a floating city

C．a theme park

D．a fishing farm

小题3:What can we infer from the passage?

A．Friedman is planning to move to a new country.

B．Friedman is worried about the safety of seasteads.

C．Friedman has got some supporters for his project.

D．Friedman has already won the Poseidon Award.

小题4:Which of the following can be the best titles of this passage?

A．Seasteading: a new idea of living

B．Seasteading: a wild way of farming

C．Peter Thiel: a man behind the project

D．Patri Friedman: a crazy day dreamer

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

Wild animals are our friends, but many of them are getting fewer and fewer. We should try to protect them. The four animals below are now in danger.
Tibetan Antelopes
Tibetan antelopes (藏羚羊) are medium-sized animals. They mainly feed on grass. They are usually found in groups of about 20. They are killed for their wool, which is warm, soft and fine and can be made into expensive clothes. Although people can get the wool without killing the animals, people simply kill them before taking the wool. The number of them is dropping year by year. There are less than 75,000 Tibetan antelopes left in the world, down from a million 50 years ago.
Golden Monkeys
Golden monkeys are mainly found in Sichuan, Gansu, Shanxi provinces and Shengnongjia mountainous area of Hubei Province. Golden monkeys have golden-orange fur. They move around in the daytime, usually in groups of as many as 100 to 200 heads, or 20 to 30 heads. They feed on fruits and young leaves of bamboos. But people are destroying the environment where they live. Trees and bamboos are disappearing, so golden monkeys have less and less to eat.
Elephants
Elephants are very big and strong. They are bigger than any other animals on land. They are grey and have long trunks and tusks. They have poor eyesight, but very good hearing and smell. They can lift heavy things and break down branches with their trunks. Elephants are very friendly towards each other and towards their neighbours. Normally, they live in a group for many years. Young male elephants do not leave the group until they are about 12 years old. Now, there are very few elephants in the world. The number of them is becoming smaller and smaller because their living areas are used for farming. Also, people hunt them for their tusks.
Wolves
Wolves are not very big. They have grey fur. Wolves have very good eyesight, hearing and smell. Wolves’ food is various. They eat animals, insects and snails. They are friendly to each other and never attack people. They do not kill for fun. Wolves are in danger, too. They are losing their living areas because people cut down forests. Soon they will have no home or food.
小题1:Tibetan antelopes usually live in groups of about _______.

A．20

B．30

C．100

D．200

小题2:Which of the following animals are the biggest on land?

A．Tibetan antelopes.	B．Golden monkeys.
C．Elephants.	D．Wolves

小题3:Which of the following sentences is right?

A．There are less than 7,500 Tibetan antelopes left in the world now.

B．Golden monkeys usually move around during the night.

C．Elephants have good eyesight, but very poor hearing and smell.

D．Wolves are friendly to each other and they never attack people.

小题4:What can be the best title of the passage?

A．Wild animals in danger

B．How to hunt wild animals

C．Animals in the zoo

D．How to train the animals

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

Doing experiments can be interesting, and you may try the following experiments at home. Make sure that you’ll do them with an adult.

小题1:How many experiments are there in the pictures?

A．Six.

B．Five.

C．Three.

D．Two.

小题2:The following are the instructions on how to do “Step 2” in these experiments. Which one is the right order?
a. Pour 3/4 of the water away.
b. Put a balloon on the bottle.
c. Put the bottle in a bucket of hot water. The air rises into the balloon.

A．a, b, c

B．a, c, b

C．b, a, c

D．c, a, b

小题3:What can you see in the bottle at last in Experiment A?

A．Some ice.	B．Some water.
C．Some ice and water.	D．A cloud and some water.

小题4:What will happen to the balloon in “Step 3” in Experiment C?

A．It will be bigger.	B．It will be broken.
C．It won’t change.	D．It will be in the bottle.

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

1. Where are the rainforests?
Rainforests cover six per cent of the Earth’s surface. There are rainforests in many parts of the world but the biggest forests are in South America, Africa and South East Asia. There aren’t any rainforests in Europe or North America.
2. What’s in the rainforests?
About 75% of all the types of animals that we know come from rainforests. Thousands and thousands of animals live in rainforests. There are many very beautiful birds, insects and reptiles. Many of them live in the trees, more than 30 metres from the ground. There are also thousands of different plants—and lots of tall trees! It is always hot in a rainforest and
the ground is always wet. It is also dark.
3. Why are the rainforests important?
The rainforests are very important for us. We need them! The trees and other plants in the forest help to make the air that we breathe. They give us wood, rubber, fruits and many of our medicines.
4.
Unfortunately, in many places, the rainforests are in danger. For example, many years ago there was a large rainforest in Java. There were thousands of different plants and animals in the forest, but now there is nothing. People chopped down the trees because they wanted to grow rice. Many animals lived in the rainforest. Some of them went to other parts of Java but many of them disappeared — forever. The same thing is happening now in many other parts of the world. The rainforests are in danger.
小题1:In which of the following places can we find rainforests according to Paragraph 1?
A. In the UK. B. In Asia. C. In the USA. D. In France.
小题2:Which of the following belongs to a kind of “reptile”?

A．A sparrow.

B．A swallow.

C．A snake.

D．A butterfly.

小题3:Which might be the best title for Paragraph 4?

A．What’s happening to the rainforests?

B．What can we find in the rainforests in Java?

C．Why did people chop down the trees in the rainforests?

D．Why did many plants and animals disappear in the rainforests?

小题4:What is the writer’s purpose of writing the article?

A．To tell us how to survive in the rainforests.

B．To help us know some living things in the rainforests.

C．To tell us to care about the protection of the rainforests.

D．To give us advice on how to make full use of the rainforests.

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案