Do you know why you sleep? You may think it’s because you’re tired. Or perhaps y
题型：不详难度：来源：
Do you know why you sleep? You may think it’s because you’re tired. Or perhaps you’ve been told sleep is good for you. Yet no one knows exactly why or how people sleep.
Until the early 1950s, most scientists thought the body and brain rested during sleep. Then a scientist watched people sleep. He noticed that during periods of between 5 and 30 minutes each, sleepers’ eyes made rapid movements, as if they were watching something. He called these periods REM sleep, for Rapid Eye Movement. Periods when sleepers’ eyes did not move he called non-REM sleep.
Whenever the scientist woke people during REM sleep, they were having vivid dreams. Measurements showed that sleepers’ pulses（脉搏）went up quickly during REM sleep. Their breathing, heartbeat, and the blood going to the brain also increased. Far from being a time of rest, REM sleep is a time when the body is hard at work. Scientists still don’t know the reason for this. Some believe REM sleep makes learning easier. Babies spend a lot of time in REM sleep. Because of this, some scientists believe that REM sleep helps the brain grow. Others think REM sleep is a time for the brain to empty the day’s garbage.
One thing all the scientists agree on is that sleep is necessary. Without enough sleep, people make mistakes. Most major car accidents happen during the early morning hours, when people are sleepiest.
小题1:During REM sleep, a person’s breathing and heartbeat ________.| A．stop | B．increase | C．decrease | D．stay the same |
小题2:Which word in paragraph（段落）3 means “colorful and lively”?| A．easier | B．empty | C．vivid | D．quickly |
小题3:Which paragraph tells what happens when people don’t get enough sleep?小题4:What is the main idea of the article?| A．REM sleep helps the brain grow. | | B．REM sleep has been watched and recorded by scientists. | | C．REM sleep is a time to empty the day’s garbage. | | D．REM sleep is an active time when the body is hard at work. |
小题5:You can decide from the article that REM sleep ________.| A．has a restful effect on people | | B．can be avoided with lots of sleep | | C．is something that all people experience | | D．is something that all scientists agree on |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:B
小题5:A |
解析
小题1:本文第三段提到人在REM睡眠阶段，一个人的呼吸和心跳上升，故本题选B。
小题2:第三段第一句的含义为人在REM睡眠阶段，人会做五颜六色，多姿多彩的梦，vivid表示此意，故本题选C。
小题3:本文第四段提到人们没有得到足够的睡眠，人们可能会犯错误，如车祸，故本题选D。
小题4:本文第二段提到科学家观察和记录了人们的REM睡眠阶段的有关情况，为本文的主要内容，故本题选B。
小题5:本文第二段提到人们在REM睡眠阶段，人的身体和大脑会得到休息的效果，故本题选A。 |
举一反三
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的三个选项（A、B和C）中，选出最佳选项。
Have you ever heard the saying “If you want a friend, be one”?
Here is a story about one new teacher making friends with the girls and boys in her class on the first day of school. As the bell rang, the teacher came in smiling at each girl and boy. Then she said in a quiet voice, “Good morning, girls and boys! How happy I am because I have all of you in my class this year. I’d like to know each of you. I am sure we will enjoy working together. I am sure that the more we get together the happier we’ll be.” Her voice was so sweet and her looking was so friendly. Everyone believed what she said.
She told the girls and boys her name and wrote it on the blackboard. She told them some of the things she liked to do and she was hoping to do with them during the year.
Then she said to the whole class, “Now you know my name and the things I like. Next I want to know your names and the things you like. Then I will feel that I know you.”
Could you make friends by doing the same as this teacher did?
One way of getting to know girls and boys in our class is to know more about them. It is usual to be friends with those people who have the same interests with you. You can play the same games and go on journeys together.
You may find that some new comers in your class miss their old friends and feel strange and lonely. You can invite them to take a walk or to ride bikes with you. You will find many things in common to talk about. It is one good way to make friends just by talking together in a friendly manner.
小题1:How do you understand the saying “If you want a friend, be one”?
A. If you want to have a friend, try to make one be your friend.
B. You can make friends by doing what a friend do.
C. You may have a friend by doing everything for him.
小题2:The teacher’s sweet voice and her friendly looking_______.
A. showed that she would like to be a friend of the girls and boys
B. made every girl and boy happy
C. told the girls and boys everything about herself
小题3: A new comer will be your friend if _______.
A. he always thinks of his old friend
B. he knows you very well
C. you talk with him in a friendly way
小题4:If you want to make friends with others, you should_______.
A. know more about them
B. talk with them in an unfriendly way
C. have different interests with them
小题5:Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. If you want to make friends with others, you should be one of them.
B. Friends often share the same interests with each other.
C. If you can make a good friend, you should smile at him. |
Everybody dreams. Some people think dreams can tell us about the future. Other people think dreams tell us about ourselves. It’s like our 61 is talking to us. Why are dreams 62 strange and hard to understand? Some people think our brain uses 63 to talk to us. When
we fly, swim, or fall down in our dreams, it has a 64 meaning. Lots of doctors help people 65 their dreams. They find that dreams tell us about our 66 and fears.
These days, many scientists 67 that dreams are very important. During the day, we have many 68, and our brain receives a lot of information. When we dream, our brain 69 information that is not important, and puts the most important information into our 70. As we learn more about the brain, we may find answers to our questions about dreams.
| 小题1: | | A．body | B．spirit | C．brain | D．heart |
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| 小题2: | | A．never | B．seldom | C．ever | D．often |
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| 小题3: | | A．symbols | B．examples | C．numbers | D．pictures |
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| 小题4: | | A．special | B．serious | C．similar | D．great |
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| 小题5: | | A．finish | B．forget | C．understand | D．continue |
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| 小题6: | | A．hopes | B．rights | C．positions | D．abilities |
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| 小题7: | | A．reply | B．believe | C．doubt | D．worry |
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| 小题8: | | A．experiences | B．dreams | C．mistakes | D．inventions |
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| 小题9: | | A．passes on | B．looks into | C．throws away | D．asks for |
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| 小题10: | | A．feelings | B．stories | C．lives | D．memories |
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Have successful people ever felt sad? Do they have any “secrets” to success? The answers to these questions can be found in US president Barack Obama’s “back to school” speech. Here is an excerpt(摘录) from his speech.
I know that sometimes, you get the sense that you can be rich and successful without any hard work—that your ticket to success is through rapping (饶舌音乐) or basketball or being a TV star, when chances are, you’re not going to be any of those things.
But the truth is, being successful is hard. You won’t love every subject you study. Not all the homework will seem completely important to your life right this minute. And you may not succeed at everything the first time you try.
That’s OK. Some of the most successful people in the world are the ones who’ve had the most failures. JK Rowling’s first Harry Potter book was turned down 12 times before it finally came out. Michael Jordan was cut from his high school basketball team, and he lost hundreds of games and missed thousands of shots (投篮) during his career. But he once said, “I have failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed.”
These people succeeded because they understand that you can’t let your failures beat you—you have to let them teach you. You have to let them show you what to do differently next time.
No one’s born being good at things. You become good at things through hard work.
Don’t be afraid to ask questions. Don’t be afraid to ask for help when you need it. I do that every day. Asking for help isn’t a sign of weakness; it’s a sign of strength. It shows you have the courage to admit(承认) when you don’t know something, and to learn something new.
And even when you’re struggling, even when you’re discouraged (泄气), and you feel like other people have given up on you—don’t ever give up on yourself. Because when you give up on yourself, you give up on your country.
小题1:Why does Barack Obama mention (提到) JK Rowling and Michael Jordan in the fourth paragraph?| A．To compare these two famous persons. | | B．To explain that writing and sports are difficult skills. | | C．To show that the two persons were treated unfairly. | | D．To prove that failure is the mother of success. |
小题2:Which of the following statements is NOT true?| A．No one can be successful without working hard. | | B．Failure can be good if you treat it in a right way. | | C．Those who believe in themselves shouldn’t ask others for help. | | D．One should try his best to make his dream come true. |
小题3:Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined sentence?| A．One should change his mind when others give honest advice to him. | | B．One should believe in himself no matter what difficulty he is faced with. | | C．One doesn’t have to work hard when he has failed several times. | | D．One doesn’t have to take others’ advice when they get away from him. |
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One will feel happy when others flatter( 奉承) him in his face. It is said that the best way of flattering someone is to give him a “top hat” 31 .
A student was going to leave the capital to become 32 official (官员) in a city far away. Before he started, he came to say 33 to his teacher.
“It is 34 job to be a good official.” his teacher said. “ you must be strict 35 yourself and never be careless.”
“Don’t worry about me, sir.” The student answered. “I have already 36 anyone hundred top hats, which will 37 those people quite happy.”
“But we are really gentlemen! 38 could a real gentleman do such a thing ? ” His teacher was a bit _39 . “ Never forget 40 I taught you in class!”
“ 41 are always right, sir. I also hate such things. But, sir, 42 no one really gentleman like you can be seen in the world now.” said the student. It seemed that he had to do so.
43 hearing this, the teacher was pleased. “What you said is true!”
“I have 44 one top hat already. Now I have ninety-nine 45 .” the student said to his friend later on when he asked the student what he had talked with the teacher about.
小题1:A. to dress B. dressing C. wearing D to wear
| 小题3: | | A．hello | B．goodbye | C．OK | D．thanks |
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| 小题4: | | A．not an easy | B．not easy | C．a good | D．difficult |
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| 小题6: | | A．made | B．bought | C．prepared | D．repaired |
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| 小题9: | | A．pleased | B．angry | C．excited | D．sorry |
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| 小题12: | | A．hardly | B．about | C．almost | D．nearly |
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| 小题13: | | A．Before | B．After | C．Because | D．If |
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| 小题14: | | A．sent out | B．bought | C．sold | D．borrowed |
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| 小题15: | | A．left | B．already | C．yet | D．else |
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Different things usually stand for different feelings. Red, for example, is the color of fire, heat, blood and life. People say red is an exciting and active color. They associate（使发生联系） red with a strong feeling like 46 . Red is used for signs of 47 , such as STOP signs and fire engines. Orange is the bright, warm color of 48 in autumn. People say orange is a 49 color. They associate orange with happiness. Yellow is the color of __50__. People say it is a cheerful color. They associate yellow too, with happiness. Green is the cool color of grass in __51__. People say it is a refreshing color. In general, people __52__ two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. The warm colors are red, orange and __53__. Where there are warm color and a lot of light, people usually want to be __54__. Those who like to be with __55 _ like red. The cool colors are __56_ and blue. Where are these colors, people are usually worried. Some scientists say that time seems to __57 _ more slowly in a room with warm colors. They suggest that a warm color is a good __58_ for a living room or a __59_ . People who are having a rest or are eating do not want time to pass quickly. __60 colors are better for some offices if the people working there want time to pass quickly.
| 小题1: | | A．sadness | B．anger | C．administration | D．smile |
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| 小题2: | | A．roads | B．ways | C．danger | D．places |
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| 小题3: | | A．land | B．leaves | C．grass | D．mountains |
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| 小题4: | | A．lively | B．dark | C．noisy | D．frightening |
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| 小题5: | | A．moonlight | B．light | C．sunlight | D．stars |
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| 小题6: | | A．summer | B．spring | C．autumn | D．winter |
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| 小题7: | | A．speak | B．say | C．talk about | D．tell |
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| 小题8: | | A．green | B．yellow | C．white | D．gray |
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| 小题9: | | A．calm | B．sleepy | C．active | D．helpful |
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| 小题10: | | A．the other | B．another | C．other one | D．others |
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| 小题11: | | A．black | B．green | C．golden | D．yellow |
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| 小题12: | | A．go round | B．go by | C．go off | D．go along |
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| 小题13: | | A．one | B．way | C．fact | D．matter |
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| 小题14: | | A．factory | B．classroom | C．restaurant | D．hospital |
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| 小题15: | | A．Different | B．Cool | C．Warm | D．All |
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