Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statement
题型：不详难度：来源：
In tomorrow’s offices, there will be more bosses and fewer assistants. New technologies have made clerical work so efficient that fewer workers are necessary, so one assistant may serve bosses.
Bosses in the United States are spending twice as much time resolving employee disputes as they did just a decade ago. Corporate downsizing has made workers more insecure and competitive, increasing the number of personality conflicts that managers are forced to settle.
Fighting age bias(偏见) may be a critical workplace issue of the future. As companies depend on older, more experienced workers to solve labour shortages in the next century, managers will need to overcome the view that older workers are less productive, less flexible, and more expensive.
Electronic networking will give more power to workers at the bottom of the corporate pecking order(等级排序). Computer networks allow employees to skip over chains of command and communicate directly with senior managers. The relative anonymity(匿名) of electronic communications will make low-status individuals more relaxed about expressing their points of view and offering valuable new ideas.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN ELEVEN WORDS.)
小题1:Fewer workers are necessary in the future due to
.
小题2:Employee disputes mainly arise from the fact that
.
小题3:What kind of view do many managers hold about older workers now?
.
小题4:How could electronic networking give more power to low-status workers?
.
答案
小题1:high work efficiency caused by new technologies
小题1:corporate downsizing has made workers more insecure and competitive
小题1:Companies depend on older, more experienced workers to solve labour shortages.
小题1:They can communicate directly with senior managers through computer networks.
解析
举一反三
Just Ask Grandma
We read and hear a lot about healthy eating in newspapers and on TV nowadays. Experts and nutritionists tell us what to eat, when to eat and how to eat to stay healthy, Some of the their advice seems reasonable. Some just sounds strange. Who can we rely on?
Well, ask yourself another question: How did people choose foods and stay healthy before there were nutrition experts? We relied on culture, which is another way of saying: on tradition and common sense.
All of us carry around rules of thumb about eating that have been passed down in our families or plucked（采集） from culture. Earlier this year, US writer Michael Pollen posted a request about these rules on The New York Times website. Within days, he received more than 2,500 responses. Not all of them have stood the test of time or been confirmed by science, but all of them have something to teach us, Pollen said.
Here are some of Pollen’s favorites:
My parents are both from Italy, and one of our family rules was that you could not leave the table until you had finished your fruit. It was a great way to put fruit into our diets and also helped satiate（满足）our sweet tooth, keeping us away from less healthful sweets. – Marta C. Larusso
From my Romanian grandmother: “Breakfast, you should eat alone. Lunch, you should share with a friend. Dinner, give to your enemy.” – Irina A. Dumitrescu
Don’t eat anything that took more energy to ship than to grow. – Carrie Cizauskas
“It’s better to pay the grocer（食品商） than the doctor” was the saying that my Italian grandmother would frequently use to remind us of the love and attention to detail that went in to her cooking – John Forti
If you are not hungry enough to eat an apple, then you are not hungry. – Emma Fogt
“Make and take your own lunch to work.” My father has always done this, and so have I. It saves money and you know what you are eating. – Hope Donovan Rider
Never eat something that is pretending to be something else, e.g.: chocolate-flavor sauce that doesn’t contain chocolate. – Sonya Legg
小题1:Other than health experts, which other sources are there for us to turn to for advice on diet?
小题2:What does the underlined sentence imply?
小题3:According to Marta C. Larusso, we can both satiate our sweet tooth and keep away from less healthful sweets by_________________________________
小题4:What did John Forti’s grandmother mean when she said, “It’s better to pay the grocer than the doctor.”?
Indian’s snake charmers are to be retrained as wildlife teachers under a plan to prevent their unique skills and knowledge from being lost. The charmers， who make snakes dance to the sound of flutes， used to be a traditional feature of Indian life， performing in towns and villages， until they were banned in 1972 to control the trade in snake skins.
The government is now considering a plan to train the saperas， as they are known， to visit schools and zoos to tell children about forests and wildlife. There is also a proposal to set up a “dial a snake charmer” service to help householders to deal with unwelcome intruders.
“For generations they have been a feature of Indian life but now they can’t earn a living for fear of arrest，” said Behar Dutt， a conservationist behind the plans， “if a policeman doesn’t catch them， animal rights activists report them.”
Many snake charmers have continued to work clandestinely(暗中地) since the ban， despite the threat of up to three years in jail. But their trademark cloth-covered baskets， hung from a bamboo pole carried across their shoulders， make them an easy target for police.
The fate of Shisha Nath， 56， from Badarpur， a village just outside of New Delhi， is typical of practitioners(从业者) of the dying art. “I used to earn enough to support my family and send my children to school，” he said. “Now it’s hard to earn even $1 a day. My children want to be snake charmers. It’s our identity. We love the work. But it’s become impossible.”
Next month Dutt’s project to train 30 snake charmers will begin at a snake park in Pune， western India， where experts will enrich their home-grown skills with some formal knowledge.
More than the law， though， it is the dishonest attitude of their fellow countrymen that anger many snake charmers.
“We’re disturbed all the time but when people want a snake removed from the house， they rush to us，” said Prakash Nath， who was ordered recently to the home of Sonia Gandhi， the Congress party leader.
小题1: What do snake charmers usually do in India？ (no more than 8 words) (2 marks)
小题2: How long will a saperas be in prison if he is caught during the ban？ (no more than 3 words) (2 marks)
小题3:For what purpose will snake charmers in India be retrained as wildlife teachers？(no more than 10 words) (3 marks)
小题4:According to the passage， what will make snake charmers angry？ (no more than 11 words) (3 marks)
［1］To most Chinese students, studying abroad could be hard work. There are lots of difficulties they should face every day—the language barrier, culture shock, gaps between Eastern and Western lifestyles, expensive tuition fees and endless research projects.
［2］To Song Yinan, a 19-year-old Shenzhen girl, however, studying abroad was an unforgettable experience. In her book, “Kiki’s London Diary”, she tells her stories in an optimistic way.
［3］Probably the biggest difficulty Chinese students will meet is ___________. For example, in a story written at the beginning of her first term in London, Song suffered some embarrassment during a welcome party, where she was introduced to some dizzy drinks. However, she found that she couldn’t read most of the English names of the drinks and drank only cola and fruit juice. She described how red her face was and also the impatience of some other students as they stared the poor girl.
［4］Song says in an interview that it is still a good experience for her anyway. Although it sounds like “losing face” to most Chinese students, she says it is normal when you study abroad and she is happy to share the story with others.
［5］During her stay in Britain, Song was like an explorer. She discovered happiness in London everyday. She found happiness in a computer on which she could search for information on Chinese websites, at a low-price grocery, and form making friends with Britain students.
［6］Song was a high school student then and had never traveled abroad alone before. This is why Song’s parents say in the book’s forward that they were a little bit worried about their daughter.
［7］However, throughout the book, readers can feel the optimism and persistence of this strong-willed girl. Her study and life experiences in London are to delight any Chinese studying abroad or who plans to do so.
小题1: What’s the main idea of the passage? (no more than 10 words)
小题2:Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
It is certain that Song’s stories will give encouragement to those Chinese who are studying abroad or those who are going to.
小题3:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words or phrases. (no more than 5 words)
小题4: What problems may you face if you go abroad according to the text? (no more than 12 words)
①____________________; ② ___________________; ③ ____________________
小题5:Translate the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 into Chinese.
Your children are so different-they each have very different talents, skills, and personalities, so it can seem natural to give them labels（标签）. For example, one child may be the “smart one” or the “artist” or the “troublemaker”. Although it is easy to , you can be hard for your children.
Downsides of Labels
When kids are given negative（消极） labels they often feel that parents don’t expect or want them to change, and they may feel that they should live up to their negative labels. For example:
The “messy child” may see no reason to try to be neat and tidy when his parents have already defined his role in the family.
The “troublemaker” may feel that any attempt to be good will be ignored.
The “wild child” may think that he or she might as well continue to do crazy things
because parents expect it.
Even positive labels can be problematic as children may feel uneasy to meet their parents’ expectations, and often feel uncomfortable that their parents seem to like them more than a brother or sister.
Avoiding Labels
Remember that each child is unique and has the ability to do many things and act in many different ways.
Focus on the positives. For example, if your child, who always seems to be running late, but gets to the dinner on time, be sure to praise him for being on time.
Don’t let children lock themselves into roles-encourage children to try t
hings they are interested in.小题1:Who do you think the passage is mainly written for? (no more than 2 words)
小题2:According to the passage, list three negative labels given to children. (no more than 6 words)
小题3: Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
Avoid focusing children on some particular things only, you’d better encourage them
to do all that they fancy doing.
小题4:Fill in the blank with proper words. (no more than 6 words)
小题5:Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
When Dan Shaw gets up from the sofa in his home, Cuddles is never far away. When he wants to go outside, he doesn’t take Cuddles out for a walk—Cuddles takes him for a walk. Cuddles is clearly no ordinary family pet. It is a two-foot-high miniature horse and serves as the guiding eyes of Shaw, who is blind.
When Shaw lost his sight, his wife suggested he apply for（申请） a guide dog. Shaw, an anima lover, said he couldn’t bear to part with a dog(which usually lives about eight to ten years)and get used to a new one, perhaps several times in his life.
Then Shaw heard of a program about the tiny guide horses. He learned that the horse possess many qualities that make them an excellent choice for guiding people. They are clean, friendly, smart and have great memories. They can be trained to remain calm in noisy and crowded places. Best of all, they live for 25-35 years, which would enable Shaw to have the same guide friend for most or all of his life.
Shaw immediately applied to be and was accepted as the first person to receive a guide horse. The instant he met Cuddles, he knew he was making the right choice. Then he began his training.
Through training, Shaw and Cuddles learned to find their way on busy streets, step over curbs(便道沿儿)and find elevator buttons. Cuddles even show its ability to step in front of Shaw and block him, to prevent him from walking into a dangerous situation The little horse also expertly led Shaw through busy shopping malls. They got along without any difficulties. Now Shaw is confident that Cuddles will change his life for the better.
小题1: What’s the meaning of the underlined word “miniature” in Paragraph 1?(No more than 2 words)
_______________________________________________________________
小题2:Why didn’t Shaw want to choose a dog as his guide?(No more than 15 words)
_______________________________________________________________
小题3: What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? (No more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________
小题4: How does Shaw feel about his future life with the help of Cuddles? (No more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________
小题5: In your opinion, what is the ideal(理想的) relationship between man and animals? (No more than 20 words)
________________________________________________________________
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