One day, I received a call from a colleague. He was about to give a student a ze

One day, I received a call from a colleague. He was about to give a student a ze

题型:不详难度:来源:
One day, I received a call from a colleague. He was about to give a student a zero for his answer to a physical problem, while the student claimed a perfect score. I was elected as their arbiter( 仲裁人). I read the examination problem:“Show how it is possible to determine the height of a tall building with the aid of a barometer(气压计).” The student had answered:“Take the barometer to the top of the building,attach a long rope to it,lower it to the street,and then bring it up, measuring the length of the rope. The length of it is the height of the building. ”
The student had really answered the question completely ,but the answer didn’t confirm his competence in physics. I suggested the student try again. I gave him six minutes to answer the question, warning that the answer should show some knowledge of physics. Five minutes later, he said he had many answers and clashed off one, which read:“Take the barometer to the top of the building and lean over the edge of the roof. Drop the barometer, timing its fall with a stopwatch. Then, use the physical formula (公式)to calculate the height of the building. ”
At this point, my colleague had to accept it, and then the student made almost full marks. I couldn’t help asking the student what the other answers were. He listed many others and then added “Probably the best is to take the barometer to the administrator and said to him," Sir, here is a fine barometer. If you tell me the height of the building, I will give it to you.,”
Then, I asked the student if he really did not know the conventional answer to this question. He admitted that he did,but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think.
The name of the student was Bohr who later was famous all over the world. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922.
小题1:The student got a zero at the beginning because_______.
A.the teacher wasn’t satisfied with him.
B.his answer wasn’t complete or correct
C.his answer didn’t show his knowledge of physics
D.the teacher didn’t fully understand his answer
小题2:We know from the passage that______ .
A.the administrator told Bohr the height
B.the student knew the expected answer
C.the author preferred Bohr’s last answer
D.the teacher was a very stubborn person
小题3:We can learn from the passage that______.
A.instructors can teach students how to think
B.arbiters can help students to get high scores
C.teachers should make students use physical formulas
D.students should be given more freedom in thinking
小题4:What was Bohr’s attitude toward his schooling?
A.CriticalB.OptimisticC.ApprovingD.Ambiguous

答案

小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:A
解析

试题分析:文章从一个学生的物理答案得0分说起,得出的结论是应该允许学生自由地思考。
小题1:推理题:从第二段的句子:The student had really answered the question completely ,but the answer didn’t confirm his competence in physics.可知这个学生的答案没有涉及到物理方面的知识。选C。
小题2:细节题:从最后一段的句子:Then, I asked the student if he really did not know the conventional answer to this question. He admitted that he did ,可知这个学生知道这个问题的答案。选B
小题3:推理题:从最后一段的句子:but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think.可知学生应该被允许自由地思考。选D
小题4:推理题:从倒数第二段的句子:but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think. 可知Bohr对高中的生活是批评的。选A 。
举一反三
My Way to Success

From the day I signed up for the Naumburg Competition, everything changed. I had made a decision to start again, to save my life, and that meant a 360-degree turnaround.
I kept on practicing. An enormous amount of work had to be done in two months. I went from not practicing at all to thirteen hours a day.
I spent two weeks just playing scales. If I thought I sounded bad before, now I sounded worse than awful.
At the time I lived on 72nd Street, close to West End Avenue. I had an apartment with a window the size of a shoebox. I didn"t do mylaundry. I left my apartment only to walk to Juilliard─and not onBroadway like everyone else. I walked up Amsterdam Avenue because I didn"t want to see anybody, didn"t want to run into anybody, didn"t want anyone to ask what I was doing.
I stopped going to classes and became a hermit. I even talked Miss DeLay into giving my lesson at night.
My eating habits were awful. I lived on fried sausages, a pint of peanut butter/chocolate ice cream, and a gallon of Coca-Cola every day. That"s all I ate for eight weeks.
I was nuts. I was completely obsessed with getting back into shape, with doing well in this competition. If I could, people would know I was still on earth. Not to count me out; to stop asking, “Whatever happened to Nadja?”
The last week before the Naumburg auditions, I couldn"t touch the violin. I had worked and worked and worked and worked and then I just couldn"t work anymore.
I certainly could have used it. I wasn"t as prepared as I should have been. But I simply had to say, “Nadja, you"ve dedicated yourself to this thing. Ready or not, do your best.”
Fifty violinists from around the world auditioned for the competition on May 25, 26, and 27, 1981. Those that made it past thepreliminaries would go on to the semifinals. Those that passed that stage would go to the finals. In years past, one violinist was chosen as winner and two received second and third place.
On May 26, the day of my audition, I went to the Merkin Concert Hall at 67th Street and Broadway. I waited, played for twenty minutes, and went home. I couldn"t tell whether the preliminary judges were impressed or not. I"d find out the next evening.
Maybe subconsciously I was trying to keep busy; that night, when I fried the sausages, I accidentally set my apartment on fire. I grabbed my cat and my violin, and ran out the door. The fire was put out, but everything in my place was wrecked.
Fortunately, the phone was okay and on the evening of May 27, I had the news from Lucy Rowan Mann of Naumburg. Thirteen of us had made it.
Talk about mixed emotions. I was thrilled to be among the thirteen; a group that included established violinists, some of whom had already made records. But it also meant I had to play the next day in the semifinals of the competition.
Everyone entering the competition had been given two lists of concertos. One was a list of standard repertory pieces. The other list was twentieth-century repertory. For our big competition piece, we were to choose from each list and play a movement from one in the semifinals, and a movement from the other in the finals─if we made it that far.
From the standard repertory list, I chose the Tchaikovsky Concerto. I had been playing the Tchaik for three years, so it was a good piece for me.
From the twentieth-century list, I chose the Prokofiev G minor Concerto. I had never played it onstage before.
My goal had been just passing the auditions, but now my thought pattern began to change. If I wanted a sliver of a chance of advancing again, my brain said, “Play your strong piece first.”
Logically, I should play the Tchaikovsky in the semifinals just to make it to the next stage. Who cared if that left me with a piece I probably wouldn"t play as well in the finals of the competition? It"d be a miracle to get that far.
There wouldn"t be more than seven violinists chosen for the final round, and if I were in the top seven of an international group, that was plenty good enough.
The semifinals were held on May 28 in Merkin Concert Hall. You were to play for thirty minutes: your big piece first, then the judges would ask to hear another.
There was a panel of eight judges. They had a piece of paper with my choices of the Tchaikovsky and the Prokofiev in front of them. “Which would you like to play?” they asked.
I said meekly, “Prokofiev.”
My brain and all the logic in the world had said, “Play your strong piece.” My heart said, “Go for it all. Play your weak piece now, save Tchaikovsky for the finals.”
Maybe I don"t listen to logic so easily after all.
My good friend, the pianist Sandra Rivers, had been chosen as accompanist for the competition. She knew I was nervous. There had been a very short time to prepare; I was sure there"d be memory slips, that I"d blank out in the middle and the judges would throw me out. My hands were like ice.
The first eight measures of the Prokofiev don"t have accompaniment. The violin starts the piece alone. So I started playing.
I got through the first movement and Sandra said later my face was as white as snow. She said I was so tense, I was beyond shaking. Just a solid brick.
It was the best I"d ever played it. No memory slips at all. Technically, musically, it was there.
I finished it thinking, “Have I sold my soul for this? Is the devil going to visit me at midnight? How come it went so well?”
I didn"t know why, but often I do my best under the worst of circumstances. I don"t know if it"s guts or a determination not to disappoint people. Who knows what it is, but it came through for me, and I thank God for that.
As the first movement ended, the judges said, “Thank you.” Then they asked for the Carmen Fantasy.
I turned and asked Sandy for an A, to retune, and later she said the blood was just rushing back into my face.
I whispered, “Sandy, I made it. I did it.”
“Yeah,” she whispered back, kiddingly, “too bad you didn"t screw up. Maybe next time.”
At that point I didn"t care if I did make the finals because I had played the Prokofiev so well. I was so proud of myself for coming through.
I needed a shot in the arm; that afternoon I got evicted. While I was at Merkin, my moped had blown up. For my landlord, that was the last straw.
What good news. I was completely broke and didn"t have the next month"s rent anyway. The landlord wanted me out that day. I said, “Please, can I have two days. I might get into the finals, can I please go through this first?”
I talked him into it, and got back to my place in time for the phone call. “Congratulations, Nadja,”“they said. “You have made the finals.”
I had achieved the ridiculously unlikely, and I had saved my best piece. Yet part of me was sorry. I wanted it to be over already. In the three days from the preliminaries to the semifinals, I lost eight pounds. I was so tired of the pressure.
There was a fellow who advanced to the finals with me, an old, good friend since Pre-College. Competition against friends is inevitable in music, but I never saw competition push a friendship out the window so quickly. By the day of the finals, I hated him and he hated me. Pressure was that intense.
The finals were held on May 29 at Carnegie Hall and open to the public. I was the fourth violinist of the morning, then there was a lunch break, and three more violinists in the afternoon.
I played my Tchaikovsky, Saint-Sa‘ns’s Havanaise, and Ravel"s Tzigane for the judges: managers, famous violinists, teachers, and critics. I went on stage at five past eleven and finished at noon. Those fifty-five minutes seemed like three days.
I was so relieved when I finished playing; I was finished! It"s impossible to say how happy I was to see the dressing room. I went out for lunch with my friends. It was like coming back from the grave. We laughed and joked and watched TV.
As I returned to Carnegie Hall to hear the other violinists, I realized I"d made a big mistake: they might ask for recalls. A recall is when they can"t decide between two people and they want you to play again. It"s been done; it"s done all the time in competitions. No way was I in shape to go onstage and play again.
In the late afternoon, the competition was over. Everybody had finished playing. Quite luckily─no recalls.
The judges deliberated for an hour. The tension in the air was unbelievable. All the violinists were sitting with their little circle of friends. I had my few friends around me, but no one was saying much now.
Finally, the Naumburg Foundation president Robert Mann came on stage.
“It"s always so difficult to choose ...” he began.
“Every year we hold this competition,” Robert Mann said. “And in the past, we"ve awarded three prizes. This year we"ve elected to only have one prize, the first prize.”
My heart sank. Nothing for me. Not even Miss Congeniality.
“We have found,” Mann went on, “that second place usually brings great dismay to the artist because they feel like a loser. We don"t want anyone here to feel like a loser. Every finalist will receive five hundred dollars except the winner, who will receive three thousand dollars.”
And then he repeated how difficult it was to choose, how well everyone had played ...dah, dah, dah.
I was looking down at the floor.  
“The winner is ...”
And he said my name.
A friend next to me said, “Nadja, I think you won!”
I went numb. My friends pulled me up and pointed me toward the stage. It was a long walk because I had slipped into a seat in the back. Sitting up in front was my old friend. I would have to walk right past him and I was dreading it, but before I could, he got up and stopped me.
He threw his arms around me and I threw my arms around him. I kept telling him how sorry I was. I was holding him and started to cry, saying, “I"m sorry, I"m sorry, I"m sorry.” I didn"t want to lose, but I really didn"t want him to lose either. And he was holding me and saying, “Don"t be sorry. I"m so proud of you.” It was over, and we would be friends again.
I took my bow, then ran to Juilliard. Ten blocks uptown, one block west, to give Miss DeLay the news. She could be proud of me now, too.
Suddenly, everything was clear. Playing the violin is what I"d do with my life. Heaven handed me a prize: “You"ve been through a lot, kid. Here"s an international competition.”
Everything had changed when I prepared for the Naumburg, and now everything changed again. I made my first recording. Between September 1981 and May 1982, I played a hundred concerts in America, made one trip to Europe, then two months of summer festivals. And people asked me back.
There was a great deal of anxiety playing in Europe for the first time. But I was able to rely on my self-confidence to pull me through.
Self-confidence onstage doesn"t mean a lack of nerves backstage. The stakes had increased. This wasn"t practice anymore, this was my life. I"d stare into a dressing-room mirror and say, “Nadja, people have bought tickets, hired baby-sitters, you"ve got to calm down; go out there and prove yourself.”
Every night I"d prove myself again. My life work had truly begun.
小题1:In a gesture to prepare for the competition, Nadja did all the following except _________. 
A.preoccupying herself in practice
B.trying to carry out her deeds secretly
C.abandoning going to school for classes
D.consuming the best food to get enough energy
小题2:.How many violinists does the passage mention advanced to the finals?
A.Four.B.Five.C.Six.D.Seven.
小题3:After Nadja finished playing at the finals, she went out for a while and when she came back to hear the other violinists she realized she had made a mistake because _________.
A.she forgot that there was going to be a recall
B.she didn’t get hold of the permission to leave
C.chances were that she had to replay and she was off guard
D.there was another play she had to take part in in the afternoon

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
15-year-old Tom reached school, waiting outside his classroom for his classmates to .It was a cold,wet day. Tom stared at the . Then his eyes fell upon the 18-metre-high hill that   at the back of the classroom.
He   large amounts of rainwater flowing down the hill, and water was also bubbling(冒泡) at the base of a rock on the hill. For a few minutes, Tom    the water, wondering why it looked so    . Then it hit him — the    was similar to the video he was shown during Disaster Management classes. Fearing a   disaster, he shouted    at the students waiting outside their classrooms. “Run, run, don"t stay here! The   on the hill is going to fall on us!”
Chaos broke out as the    ran to the open area that had been appointed as an emergency gathering point. When some teachers   Tom, he showed them the water gushing from the hill, and they started leading the students to safer ground.
Just then Principal Richard drove into the school. Tom ran over to tell him what was happening. After   the site, Richard knew the school was in   . The enormous rock at the top of the hill could come crashing down   .
 a group of teachers and older students, Richard climbed the hill and tried to make the water flow away from the rock. They were too   : ten minutes later, they heard screams as the huge rock rushed down the hill. There was little Richard and his group could do as they watched the earth    their classrooms. Thanks to Tom’s   action and careful observation,   was hurt in the incident.
小题1:
A.restB.arriveC.dineD.chat
小题2:
A.bookB.sunC.hillD.rain
小题3:
A.stoodB.placedC.hidD.faced
小题4:
A.knewB.feltC.noticedD.heard
小题5:
A.aimed atB.stared atC.glared atD.shouted at
小题6:
A.familiarB.dangerousC.movingD.interesting
小题7:
A.showB.siteC.sceneD.view
小题8:
A.comingB.headingC.goingD.leaving
小题9:
A.happilyB.angrilyC.rudelyD.wildly
小题10:
A.sandB.rockC.treeD.water
小题11:
A.principalsB.studentsC.villagersD.climbers
小题12:
A.questionedB.blamedC.instructedD.approached
小题13:
A.choosingB.visitingC.examiningD.clearing
小题14:
A.securityB.reliefC.dangerD.damage
小题15:
A.for the momentB.for onceC.at one timeD.at any minute
小题16:
A.LeadingB.HelpingC.DemandingD.Taking
小题17:
A.nervousB.uniqueC.lateD.strange
小题18:
A.occupyB.threatenC.enterD.swallow
小题19:
A.legalB.directC.unitedD.quick
小题20:
A.someoneB.no oneC.anyoneD.only one

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Last summer Tom and his friends George and Bill wanted to take a vacation, but they did not have much     . They decided that a short mountain climbing expedition(探险) was the only       they could afford (负担得起). Since each of them liked climbing, the vacation would be a lot of        .
Tom    all the plans. He decided that they should      the expenses(费用) for food and gas         and that each one should bring some    _____ clothes because the weather there was usually cold.
The boys were        in a hurry, so they climbed slowly the       day. The weather was pleasant, and they enjoyed the fresh         as they climbed up a narrow path. Tom expected the        to stay nice,        late in the afternoon there was a heavy rain. The boys rushed toward a        and decided to camp there that      .
When the sun rose the next morning, they continued      . As the boys went higher, the climbing became        dangerous, and by that afternoon the trip appeared        .
When they finally reached the        of the mountain, they saw a beautiful sight. The         of the sunset were yellow, red, and gold. The boys were very happy and they enjoyed the view. The farms and fields of wheat and corn       appeared very small. In the distance, they could see trees, hills and valleys. They spent four more days in the mountains. They really had great fun.
小题1:
A.workB.timeC.moneyD.fun
小题2:
A.vacationB.sportC.gameD.trip
小题3:
A.funB.happinessC.troubleD.difficulties
小题4:
A.tookB.madeC.hadD.kept
小题5:
A.needB.shareC.makeD.provide
小题6:
A.surelyB.fullyC.equallyD.freely
小题7:
A.extraB.fewC.lessD.thin
小题8:
A.alwaysB.nearlyC.notD.ever
小题9:
A.fineB.rainyC.allD.first
小题10:
A.skyB.airC.weatherD.water
小题11:
A.weatherB.airC.tripD.path
小题12:
A.andB.forC.soD.but
小题13:
A.topB.tentC.caveD.river
小题14:
A.dayB.nightC.timeD.way
小题15:
A.sleepingB.campingC.climbingD.watching
小题16:
A.lessB.moreC.veryD.little
小题17:
A.easyB.tiredC.excitedD.endless
小题18:
A.footB.sideC.middleD.top
小题19:
A.sceneB.viewC.colorsD.beauty
小题20:
A.belowB.farC.asideD.ahead

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
A little boy went to a farmer who had some puppies (小狗)to sell and said, “I want to buy one of your puppies.” Then reaching deep into his pocket, he pulled out a handful of change and held it up to the farmer. “I’ve got thirty-nine cents. Is that enough to take a look.”
“Sure,” said the farmer. Then he called his dog, “Here, Dolly!”
Out from the doghouse and down the ramp(斜坡) ran Dolly followed by four little balls of fur. The little boy pressed his face against the chain link fence. His eyes danced with delight.
As the dogs made their way to the fence, the little boy noticed something else moving inside the doghouse. Slowly, another little ball appeared. This one was much smaller than the others. Down the ramp it slid(滑行). Then in a somewhat awkward manner the little pup began hobbling(蹒跚) toward the others, doing its best to catch up…
“I want that one,” the little boy said, pointing to the slow dog.
The farmer knelt down at the boy’s side and said, “Son, you don’t want that puppy. He will never be able to run and play with you like these other dogs will.”
With that the little boy stepped back from the fence, reached down, and began rolling up one leg of trousers. There was a steel brace(支架) running down both sides of his leg. It was joined to a specially made shoe. Looking back up at the farmer, he said, “You see, sir, I don’t run very well myself, and he will need someone who understands.”
The world is full of people who need someone who understands.
小题1: It can be inferred that “Dolly” in the passage was _______.
A.a mother dogB.the little boy’s name
C.the farmer’s sonD.one of the puppies
小题2:How many puppies did the farmer have in all?
A.3B.4C.5D.6
小题3:The little boy decided to buy the smallest puppy because _______.
A.he was disabled and decided to be a vet (兽医) to cure it
B.he knew the smallest puppy needed understanding and care most
C.he liked puppies that were unable to run fast
D.he didn’t have enough money to buy a different one

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
On a sunny spring morning, a seven-year-old girl was sharpening(削) a beautiful pencil. , the wind was so strong as to blow open the door. The girl stood up to    it, but then fell on the floor. The sharpened pencil pierced (刺入) directly into the girl’s chest into her heart, and only a small part of the pencil could be seen.
The girl’s mother was so    that she dialed the emergency number and put the girl flat on her back. The girl    and asked her mother to pull the pencil out of her heart    it was particularly painful. The mother hesitated for a while but    her daughter. She told her daughter not to pull out the pencil without her permission.
In the end, the girl was    successfully! She had a very serious    but she didn’t lose too much blood. If the pencil were pulled out, the blood would have poured out from the wound, and doctors couldn’t have saved her!  , the measures taken by her    were totally correct.
The mother’s comments afterwards were quite   : “I really didn’t know what to do. My daughter was especially obedient (听话的) and she    my decision not to pull out the pencil. I knew she was in great pain, and her obedience was what I   . I thought if I had pulled out the pencil, she would have believed she was    and might fall asleep and lose consciousness (意识). In the emergency vehicle, I simply kept asking her if it was  . She nodded her head, which gave me great    because she was conscious and still felt pain. She was struggling for______.
In the world, there are so many people sruggling with different___ When you are trapped in wild mountains, when you come across setbacks and hardships, and when you have no other way but to experience the pain by yourself, ____ask yourself.”Am I in pain?“ When  we feel the pain, we’ll have the courage to try our best to___and never give up.
小题1:
A.NaturallyB.FinallyC.SuddenlyD.Personally
小题2:
A.lookB.pushC.repairD.close
小题3:
A.AnnoyedB.anxiousC.puzzledD.disappointed
小题4:
A.struggledB.complainedC.jumpedD.escaped
小题5:
A.ifB.becauseC.onceD.unless
小题6:
A.looked onB.discussed withC.smiled atD.disagreed with
小题7:
A.savedB.controlledC.inspiredD.accepted
小题8:
A.injuryB.mistakeC.discussionD.destination
小题9:
A.OtherwiseB.InsteadC.ThoughD.Thus
小题10:
A.friendB.teacherC.doctorD.mother
小题11:
A.challengingB.surprisingC.excitingD.worrying
小题12:
A.madeB.changedC.followedD.recognized
小题13:
A.realizedB.promisedC.respectedD.needed
小题14:
A.safeB.tiredC.braveD.lucky
小题15:
A.thankfulB.painfulC.powerfulD.careful
小题16:
A.courage B.comfortC.freedomD.hope
小题17:
A.lifeB.gloryC.peaceD.power
小题18:
A.techniquesB.qualitiesC.difficultiesD.performances
小题19:
A.stillB.justC.againD.even
小题20:
A.laugh B.explainC.surviveD.relax

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
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