Everyone agrees that all the creatures want happiness and are afraid of pain and
题型：不详难度：来源：
Everyone agrees that all the creatures want happiness and are afraid of pain and grief. The question, however, is “What is real happiness?” The desire for happiness has no meaning without understanding the real nature of happiness.
Generally, ordinary beings consider sensual（感觉的） pleasures as happiness, and their actions are directed toward gaining these. According to them, searching for happiness means searching for pleasures of the senses. The question, “What is happiness?”, does not arise（出现） in their hearts, because in their hearts they think of a life full of sensual joys as a happy life.
Some thinkers say, “Happiness does not lie in the objects of enjoyment; happiness or unhappiness lies in the imagination.” To prove their belief they give examples like the following one. A man has a two-storey house. When he thinks of those who have a house with three storeys or more, he feels unhappy. When he thinks of those who have just a cottage, he feels happy. Such happiness does not lie in possessions（占有物）, but in the imagination. They advise people to take inspiration from those who have few possessions but are quite happy. If you only consider people wealthier than yourself, you will always be unhappy.
If you want to be happy, they say, look at the poor. But it is unreasonable to hold that happiness lies in the imagination. And it is inappropriate to think that someone is happy if he only imagines himself better than the poor and the unhappy. This attitude also satisfies the sense of pride of possession. This can never be called happiness. Unless we find out where happiness lies, we cannot really become happy.
Some ask people to do this or that, and say, “This way your desires will be satisfied. That way you will get what you want and become happy.” People holding these views regard happiness as satisfaction of desires and unhappiness as denial(否定) of such satisfaction.
小题1:What kind of life can make common people feel happy?| A．Life without pain and grief. | | B．Life full of sensual pleasures. | | C．Life with desire for possessions. | | D．Life full of imagination. |
小题2:The underlined word “cottage” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to ________.| A．a house in one’s imagination | B．a modern building | | C．a desired object | D．a small house |
小题3:The author may agree that ________.| A．by comparing themselves with the poor, people will feel happy | | B．people won’t feel happy without a desire for happiness | | C．possessing wealth may lead to a sense of pride | | D．people have to experience pain and grief before finding happiness |
小题4:The best title for this passage would be “________”.| A．What Is Happiness? | B．How to Get Happiness | | C．Happiness and Desire | D．Happiness and Imagination |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:A |
解析
本文告诉我们怎样才算是幸福？有钱不一定意味着幸福。
小题1:B 考查细节题。根据Generally, ordinary beings consider sensual（感觉的） pleasures as happiness,可知答案为B。
小题2:D 考查猜测词义题。根据When he thinks of those who have a house with three storeys or more, he feels unhappy. When he thinks of those who have just a cottage, he feels happy.可知，cottage，是“小屋”的意思。
小题3:C考查推断题。根据And it is inappropriate to think that someone is happy if he only imagines himself better than the poor and the unhappy. This attitude also satisfies the sense of pride of possession.可知答案为C。
小题4:A 考查主旨大意题。根据地一段可知，本文围绕“什么是幸福”展开论述的。故答案为A。 |
举一反三
For the past two years, 8－year－old Harli Jordean from Stoke Newington, London, has been selling marbles(弹珠)．His successful marble company, Marble King, sells all things marble-related—from affordable tubs of the glass playthings to significantly expensive items like Duke of York solitaire（独粒宝石）tables—sourced, purchased and processed by the mini－CEO himself.
“I like having my own company. I like being the boss,” Harli told The Mirror.
With profits now in the thousands, “the world"s youngest CEO” has had to get his mother and older brothers to help him meet the growing demand.
Harli launched Marble King after swapping（交换）marbles at school led to schoolchildren depleting(削减) his marble collection. Yes, he literally（确切地）“lost his marbles.” Harli and his mother, Tina, turned to the Internet to find replacements.
Harli saw an empty space online: the marbles he wanted were hard to find. Within months, Harli had his own marble－selling website and orders started pouring in.
Tina says her son"s obsession(迷恋) with marbles started when he was just 6.
“His obsession became so big we started calling him the Marble King, so when he wanted to set up a website it was the natural name for it，” she told The Sun.
“I never thought it would become so popular—we are struggling to cope with the number of orders at times.”
The 8－year－old boy has his sights set on expanding his business and launching his own brand of marbles.
“Sometimes his ideas are so grand we have to scale them back a bit. But his dream is still to own Britain"s biggest marble shop and open stores around the world.” Tina told The Daily Mail.
“At the minute he is annoying me by asking about creating his won Marble King marbles, so that could well be the next step for him.”
小题1:Why did Harli"s marble company become popular as soon as he launched it?| A．Because it was run by “the world"s youngest CEO”． | | B．Because it filled the gaps of marble business. | | C．Because Harli was fascinated with marble collection. | | D．Because his mother and brothers helped him a lot. |
小题2:How many mass media are mentioned in the passage?| A．One. | B．Two. | C．Three. | D．Four. |
小题3:Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined expression “scale back”？| A．make smaller | B．carry out | C．turn down | D．frighten away |
小题4:What message do the last two paragraphs carry?| A．Conflicts often occur between Harli Jordean and his family. | | B．Harli"s mother and brothers are worried about Marble King"s future. | | C．Marble King marbles will be more popular with marble fans around the world. | | D．The “Marble King” has great ambitions for his Marble King Company. |
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Once when I was six years old I saw an amazing picture in a book called True Stories from Nature about the primeval（原始的）forest. It was a picture of a boa constrictor(大蟒蛇) in the act of swallowing an animal. In the book it said：“Boa constrictors swallow their prey whole without chewing（嚼）it. After that they are not able to move and they sleep through the six months that they need for digestion（消化）.”
I thought deeply then over the adventures of the jungle. And after some work with a colored pencil I succeeded in making my first drawing. My Drawing Number One. I showed my work to the grown-ups and asked them whether the drawing frightened them. But they answered：“Frighten? Why should anyone be frightened by a hat？”
My drawing was not a picture of a hat. It was a picture of a boa constrictor digesting an elephant. But since the grown-ups were not able to understand it, I made another drawing. I drew the inside of the boa constrictor so that the grown-ups could see it clearly. They always need to have things explained. That"s my Drawing Number Two.
The grown-ups" response this time was to advise me to lay aside my drawings of ba constrictors whether from the inside or the outside and devote myself instead to geography, history, arithmetic and grammar. That is why at the age of six I gave up what might have been a great painter. I had been disheartened by the failure of my Drawing Number One and my Drawing Number Two. Grown-ups never understand anything by themselves and it is tiresome for children to be always and forever explaining things to them.
So then I chose another profession（职业） and learned to pilot airplanes. I have flown a little over all parts of the world; and it is true that geography has been very useful to me. At a glance I can distinguish China from Arizona. If one gets lost in the night, such knowledge is valuable.
In the course of this life I have had lots of chances to meet with a great many people. And that hasn"t much improved my opinion of them. Whenever I met one of them who seemed to me at all clear-sighted, I tried showing him my Drawing Number One which I have always kept. I would try to find out if this was a person of true understanding. But whoever it was, he or she would always say: That is a hat. Then I would never talk to that person about boa constrictors or primeval forests or stars. I would bring myself down to his level. I would talk to him about bridge and golf and politics and neckties. And the grown-up would be greatly pleased to have met such an intelligent man.
小题1:The writer drew his first picture in order to ________.| A．show the grown-ups what the book was about | | B．frighten the grown-ups trying to enter the forest | | C．remind himself of the adventures of the jungle | | D．illustrate（说明）a boa constrictor"s act of digesting an animal |
小题2:How did the writer understand the grown-ups" response to his second drawing?| A．He was actually only good at academic study. | | B．It was a waste of time for him to keep on drawing. | | C．He had difficulty in communicating with the adults. | | D．He was good at anything but geography. |
小题3:The underlined word disheartened in Paragraph 4 could most probably be replaced by ________.| A．discouraged | B．dissatisfied | C．discovered | D．disturbed |
小题4:Which of the following statements is true?| A．The writer could have become a pilot if encouraged when young. | | B．The writer finally changed his opinion of grown-ups. | | C．The writer has been showing his two pictures to others ever since. | | D．The writer felt nobody could have really understood him. |
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I was 230 pounds this spring and I decided to get down to a healthier 200.In a house full of food，including snacks bought for my 7yearold sons，I had a hard time cutting calories. Then I noticed my neighbors were having diet meals (减肥餐)．I decided to do the same，knowing I would never be able to stick to a diet if I had to do the buying and cooking myself. I was looking for food that I could afford but I might take a diet more seriously if it hurt me in the wallet.
After online searches，I decided to compare the offerings of four companies：Zone Manhattan，Chefs Diet，NuKitchen and eDiets. All four would send the meals to my door. Three send food daily，while eDiets sends a large package once a week. There were dozens of companies I could have chosen.Research suggests that the economic crisis has made diet programs less tempting.Consumers prefer doityourself diets with foods bought from the supermarket.
NuKitchen regards itself as the “personal chef”．I ordered the fiveday plan ($230.53) and the taste was disappointing. I neither lost nor gained weight on the food.
eDiets promises “healthy，delicious meals sent to your door”．I ordered five breakfasts，five lunches and five dinners. My total cost was $119.70，or less than $25 a day. Overall，the food from eDiets was better than that from NuKitchen.
Chefs Diet charged $380.99 for seven days，making it the most expensive of the four services.I never tasted anything terrible，but I never tasted anything that made me want to renew for a second week.
Zone Manhattan charged $349.80，with tax，for a week’s supply of food，or about $50 a day.I liked the food so much that I lost six pounds in the first four days on the diet.
小题1:When the author began to have diet meals，she________.| A．was 200 pounds | | B．didn’t have any children | | C．worked as a cook in a company offering diet meals | | D．didn’t believe she could stick to a diet if she had to cook herself |
小题2:What does the underlined word “tempting” in Paragraph 2 mean?| A．Attractive. | B．Expensive. | C．Delicious. | D．Useful. |
小题3:Which of the four companies’ food cost the least daily?| A．Zone Manhattan’s. | B．Chefs Diet’s. | | C．NuKitchen’s. | D．eDiets’． |
小题4:We can learn from the passage that________.| A．the author gained weight on the food from Nukitchen | | B．the author would choose the food of Zone Manhattan | | C．the food from eDiets was the worst of the four | | D．Zone Manhattan sends food once a week |
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Miss Lovely began to work in our office last year. She thought she was 36 and hardly talked with us . Her house was a little far from our company and she had to go to work 37 every day.
Of course, she had to spend a lot of 38 on this, She decided to have her own car, and began to 39 how to drive two months ago . Now she was able to drive, but had to 40 a license before she could buy a car. It took her a week to 41 the traffic regulations. She was sure she would 42 the examinations.
It was finally time for her to take the examinations yesterday. Miss Lovely didn’t come to work. We 43 she would drive her new car to our company this morning. But to our 44 she came here by taxi and didn’t tell anybody about it. None of us asked her the 45 but her face clearly showed she had 46 in the exams.
This afternoon one of our workmates told us 47 had happened to the girl when she was 48. Yesterday the chief examiner had asked her some questions, but she could answer only a 49 .For example,“Would you run over a man or a dog if you see them both in the middle of the 50 ?”
“Of course I’d run over the dog ,sir”, Miss Lovely answered without 51 .
“I’m sorry to tell you, Miss Lovely,”the examiner shook his 52 and said ,“you have to take the examination again!”
“I don’t think my answers were 53 ,sir”the girl said in a hurry.“I 54 run over a man, you know!”
“Ｉagree with your 55, Miss Lovely,”the chief examiner said with a smile,“but why not brake（刹车）？”
| 小题1: | | A．old | B．foolish | C．clever | D．kind |
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| 小题2: | | A．by taxi | B．by train | C．on foot | D．by plane |
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| 小题3: | | A．time | B．money | C．energy | D．room |
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| 小题4: | | A．teach | B．plan | C．operate | D．learn |
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| 小题5: | | A．find | B．apply for | C．look for | D．make |
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| 小题6: | | A．learn | B．forget | C．teach | D．break |
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| 小题7: | | A．take | B．prepare | C．explain | D．pass |
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小题8:A suggested B. described C. thought D. replied
| 小题9: | | A．surprise | B．joy | C． anger | D．pleasure |
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| 小题10: | | A．name | B．reason | C． rule | D．notice |
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| 小题11: | | A．believed | B．heard | C．found | D．failed |
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| 小题14: | | A．few | B．several | C．all | D．lot |
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| 小题15: | | A．room | B．playground | C．hospital | D．road |
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| 小题16: | | A．asking | B．thinking | C．discussing | D．advising |
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| 小题18: | | A．wrong | B．correct | C．right | D．true |
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| 小题19: | | A．can | B．needn’t | C．can’t | D．need |
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| 小题20: | | A．car | B．opinion | C．fact | D．purpose |
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40 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of. But when the yearly games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change.
Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up an injuries center at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London, His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled.
In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part .The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1990 the first Olympics for the disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years games for the disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville, In the 1984 Wheelchair Olympic Games, 1,064 wheelchair athletes form about 40 countries took part. Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.
The games have been a great success in helping the progress of international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can’t enjoy sport. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at the Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to persuade those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should be included.
小题1:The first games for the disabled were held ___ after Sir Ludwig Guttmann arrived in England.| A．40 years | B．21 years | C．10 years | D．9 years |
小题2:Besides Stoke Mandeville, surely the games for the disabled were once held in_____.| A．New York | B．London | C．Rome | D．Los Angeles |
小题3:What do we know about Sir Ludwig Guttmann from the passage?| A．He is an early organizer of the games for the able-bodied | | B． He is welcomed by the British government | | C．He is an injured soldier. | | D．He is from England. |
小题4:From the passage, we may know that the writer is_____.| A．in favor of holding the games for the disabled | | B．against holding the games for the disabled | | C．a disabled person who once took part in the games | | D．one of the organizers of the games for the disabled |
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