Four people in England back in 1953, stared at Photo 51,It wasn’t much—a picture

Four people in England back in 1953, stared at Photo 51,It wasn’t much—a picture

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Four people in England back in 1953, stared at Photo 51,It wasn’t much—a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed –the shape of DNA The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.
Her name was Rosalind Franklin.”She should have been up there,” says historian Mary Bowden.” If her photos hadn’t been there, the others couldn’t have come up with the structure.” One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitors
At Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and Click tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA’s parts and then putting them together. In the meantime, at King’s College in London, Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule(分子). The rays produced patterns reflection the shape.
But Wilkins and Franklin’s relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick, Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant .But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.
What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return, “Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to to go or be put in her place.”
As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson  and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin, Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that  “Franklin was only two steps away  from the solution.”
No, Franklin was the solution. “She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of  DNA . She must be considered a co-discoverer,” Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the  “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.
小题1:What is the text mainly about?
A. The disagreements among DNA researchers.
B. The unfair treatment of Franklin.
C. The process of discovering DNA.
D. The race between two teams of scientists.
小题2:Watson was angry with Franklin because she     .
A.took the lead in the competitionB.kept her results from him
C.proved some of his findings wrongD.shared her data with other scientists
小题3:Why is Franklin described as  “Dark Lady of DNA”?
A. She developed pictures in dark labs.
B. She discovered the  black X-the shape of DNA.
C. Her name was forgotten after her death.
D. Her contribution was unknown to the public.
小题4:What is the writer’s attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?
A.Disapproving.B.Respectful.C. Admiring.D.Doubtful.

答案

小题1:B
【小题 2】C
小题3:D
小题4:A
解析

小题1:主旨大意题。本文讲述了主人公Franklin的一系列事情,第一自然段作者提到"The fourth——was left out ",最后一段也提到"She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA. She must be considered a co-discoverer,"由此看出命运对她的不公,选A。
小题2:细节理解题。由"What she did was ------- And she was not shy about saying so",可知选C。
小题3:细节理解题。从文中看出作者多次提及Franklin对发现DNA的贡献,但却始终不为人所知,由此理解dark,所以称为"Dark Lady of DNA",选D。
小题4:观点、态度题。由倒数第二段"As Franklin"s competitors, Wilkins, -----from the solution." 可推出作者是不赞成,选A。
举一反三
完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
We arrived in Spain for the first time a few weeks ago.I decided to  21   a car because we had sold the one we had in England before  22   home.Yesterday the sales office rang us to say the car was  23 .I had tried out a model like it before,but as I was not yet  24   driving in this city,my wife did not want me to collect it  25   so we went together to   26   it.We paid for the car and  27   the papers.They told us that there was  28   petrol(汽油) to take us to a garage,where we could fill up.The  29   garage to the office was about 100 yards away and we got there  30  .But when I turned into the main road I suddenly saw a lot of cars racing  31  me.I got out of   32   as fast as I could by backing into the garage  33   and the man behind   34   me.
“It’s such a problem to   35   to drive on the right side,isn’t it?”my wife said.“Yes,if only I had had a few lessons for   36   ,”I replied.“You had better go   37   on the way home,”my wife said.“You’d be sorry if you had  38   on the first day,wouldn’t you?”While we were talking,the man behind got out of his car and said in good English,“Would you mind telling me  39   you are thinking of leaving?  40   are you going to sit in your car all day?”
21.A.borrow                 B.drive                         C.buy                           D.choose
22.A.leaving                 B.making                            C.returning                   D.getting
23.A.right                    B.ready                        C.fixed                         D.sold
24.A.sure of                                                    B.satisfied with
C.interested in                                                  D.used to
25.A.on my own           B.right away                 C.in a hurry                  D.on the way
26.A.receive                 B.bring                        C.order                        D.fetch
27.A.accepted               B.wrote                        C.signed                       D.copied
28.A.little                     B.enough                      C.much                        D.no
29.A.best                      B.nearest                      C.quickest                    D.cleanest
30.A.lately                   B.directly                            C.safely                        D.slowly
31.A.after                     B.with                          C.around                      D.towards
32.A.their way                     B.the garage                 C.their sight                  D.the car
33.A.at last                   B.once more                 C.as usual                     D.as well
34.A.caught                  B.cheered                     C.shouted at                  D.chatted with
35.A.prepare                 B.continue                    C.choose                      D.remember
36.A.discussion             B.adventure                  C.experiment                D.practice
37.A.carefully               B.smoothly                   C.quickly                            D.differently
38.A.an error                                                   B.a problem
C.an accident                                                   D.a headache
39.A.when                    B.why                          C.how                          D.what
40.A.For                      B.Or                                   C.But                           D.So
题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从16~35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Roberta appeared on the stage.She took a deep breath and began to   16  .Now she was Portia,a strong-willed   17   in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice.The theater was filled with people.She was speaking with a power she had never before experienced,the words flowing
   18   from her.
  19 .Roberta had never acted in her life before the audition(选拔试演).She  20   being in front of other people.She was very   21   at school.She had never thought she was good enough at anything to  22  much attention.She stayed mostly to herself,making  23  friends.She had excellent grades,   24   she always thought that something was missing.
Two weeks before the audition,Roberta’s mother had heard about it and   25   her to join in.
“I can’t think of anyone else better suited to   26   the part.Remember all the plays you used to act out for us?”
Roberta looked down.“I’m not interested.”
Her mother wouldn’t let the   27   drop.“You’re just a little scared(害怕).Everyone gets scared.You know you   28  do it.The trick is to look past the   29   to find the love of what you’re doing.”
So Roberta had made an appointment(预约)with the head of the Drama Club.She had read the play and found herself excited by the  30 of speaking such rich words.In secret she practiced Portia’s part,  31  the lines by repeating them over and over.It wasn’t hard;she  32   every minute of it.Every time she spoke the words,she had a new  33   of the lines,as if Shakespeare had written Portia on many levels.
On the day of the audition,she   34   two of Portia’s famous speeches for the auditors.When she had finished,the head of the Drama Club announced the   35   was hers.
16.A.sing                            B.dance                     C.speak                        D.report
17.A.member                B.actress                       C.player                       D.character
18.A.weakly                 B.rapidly                      C.smoothly                   D.slowly
19.A.At first                 B.In fact                       C.After all                    D.In all
20.A.hated                    B.enjoyed                     C.appreciated               D.regretted
21.A.honest                  B.shy                           C.polite                        D.patient
22.A.avoid                   B.focus                        C.pay                           D.attract
23.A.few                      B.a few                        C.several                      D.many
24.A.or                        B.so                             C.for                            D.but
25.A.forced                  B.requested                   C.encouraged                D.reminded
26.A.accept                  B.play                         C.offer                         D.learn
27.A.role                      B.matter                       C.interest                      D.grade
28.A.can                      B.must                         C.may                          D.should
29.A.anger                   B.pain                          C.sadness                      D.fear
30.A.purpose                B.way                          C.idea                          D.importance
31.A.memorizing                                             B.organizing
C.checking                                                      D.improving
32.A.disliked                B.loved                        C.expected                    D.bore
33.A.consideration                                           B.description
C.selection                                                       D.understanding
34.A.practiced                     B.planned                     C.performed                 D.delivered
35.A.part                      B.play                          C.speech                       D.position
题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
完型填空(共20小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 30 分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In the United States there was an unusual tale telling of the daughter of a mechanic (技工). One day while walking along the bank of a lake, the girl  36  to see 20 eggs laid by a wild goose. After some time the girl   37  the mother would not return to her eggs and she   38   to take them home. There she carefully   39  the eggs in the heat of a lamp. Several days   40   the eggs broke and the baby geese came into the   41 .
Geese are known to take the first living thing they see as their mother.   42  , to these young geese, the girl was their mother.
As they   43 , the girl was able to   44  her birds to run across the grass, but she could not teach them to   45  . The girl became increasingly worried about this, both when   46   and in her dreams. Later, she had an   47  : She would pilot a plane to guide them in   48  . She asked her father for a plane and he assembled(组装)a small aircraft for her.
Caring about  49  safety, the father decided to pilot the plane himself. However, the birds did not  50  or follow him, and   51  slept in the grass.
One day, the girl  52  into the plane, started it and soon left the   53 . Seeing their mother take to the air, the birds   54  flapped(拍打)their wings and  55  . She flew the plane freely in the sky, her young birds following.
36. A. managed           B. attempted            C. happened        D. supposed
37. A. realized            B. expected             C. imagined        D. admitted
38. A. helped             B. decided              C. afforded         D. meant
39. A. placed             B. protected             C. treated          D. examined
40. A. ago               B. out                  C. later            D. long
41. A. family             B. lake                 C. home           D. world
42. A. But               B. Also                 C. Thus            D. Still
43. A. increased          B. improved             C. rose             D. grew
44. A. ask               B. lead                  C. want            D. allow
45. A. fly               B. race                  C. swim            D. sing
46. A. asleep            B. away                  C. around          D. awake
47. A. idea              B. opinion                C. explanation      D. excuse
48. A. sky               B. heaven                C. flight           D. plane
49. A. his               B. her                   C. their           D. its
50. A. respect            B. remember              C. recognize       D. receive
51. A. so                B. instead                C. hardly          D. too
52. A. climbed           B. looked                 C. reached        D. fell
53. A. house             B. floor                  C. water           D. ground
54. A. secretly            B. disappointedly          C. patiently        D. eagerly
55. A. looked away     B. set out        C. went by        D. turned back
题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从36~55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡将该项涂黑。
Lang Lang is a world-class young pianist who grew up in Shenyang.He went to a piano school in Beijing when he was just eight.“You need   36  ,”his father said.“But if you don’t work hard,no fortune will come.”
What made him sad was   37   his piano teacher in Beijing didn’t like him.“You have no talent(天赋).You will never be a pianist.”   38   a nine-year-old boy,Lang Lang was badly   39  .He decided that he didn’t want to be a   40   any more.For the next two weeks he didn’t touch the piano._   41  ,his father didn’t push,but waited.
Luckily,the day came when his teacher asked him to    42     some holiday songs.He didn’t want to,but as he placed his fingers on the piano keys,he   43   that he could show others that he had talent   44  .That day he told his father   45   he had been waiting to hear—that he wanted to study with a new teacher.   46   that point on,everything turned around.
He started   47   competitions(比赛).In the 1994 International Young Pianists Competition,when it was   48   that Lang Lang had won,he was too   49   to hold back his tears.Soon   50   was clear that he couldn’t stay in China forever—he had to play on the world’s big   51  .In 1997 Lang Lang   52   again,this time to Philadelphia,U.S.There he spent two years practising,and by 1999 he had worked hard enough for fortune to take over.After his   53   performance at Chicago’s Ravinia Festival,gigs(特邀演出) in Lincoln Center and Carnegie Hall started   54   in.Lang Lang finally worked to reach the place where fortune spots(发现) him,and lets him   55  .
36.A.exercise                B.fortune                      C.knowledge                 D.wealth
37.A.whether                B.why                          C.when                        D.that
38.A.Like                     B.With                         C.To                                   D.As
39.A.hurt                            B.weakened                  C.ruined                       D.frightened
40.A.singer                   B.pianist                       C.conductor                  D.player
41.A.Hopefully             B.Patiently                   C.Wisely                      D.Painfully
42.A.play                            B.sing                          C.write                        D.study
43.A.seemed                 B.admitted                    C.noticed                      D.realized
44.A.in all                    B.above all                   C.after all                            D.at all
45.A.that                      B.what                         C.which                       D.when
46.A.From                   B.At                                   C.Since                        D.After
47.A.receiving                     B.accepting                   C.winning                    D.beating
48.A.told                      B.mentioned                 C.announced                 D.recognized
49.A.excited                 B.encouraged                C.shocked                     D.satisfied
50.A.this                      B.it                              C.that                           D.what
51.A.concerts                B.tours                         C.competitions              D.stages
52.A.started                  B.left                           C.moved                      D.performed
53.A.successful             B.cheerful                    C.respectful                  D.meaningful
54.A.pulling                 B.breaking                    C.falling                       D.pouring
55.A.brighten               B.shine                         C.admire                      D.develop
题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A young girl, Hattie, stood outside a small church. "I can"t go to Sunday School," she said to the pastor(牧师). The next time the  21  met her he said "Hattie, we are going to have a larger Sunday school room soon. When we get the  22  with which to found a school building we are going to  23  one large enough to get all the little children in, and we are going to begin very soon to  24  the money for it."
The pastor did not see Hattie  25 , until he heard from her parents some two years later that Hattie died. As her poor little body was being moved, a purse was found. Inside was found 57 cents and a note  26 : "This is to help build the little church  27  so more children can go to Sunday school."
For two years she had saved for this offering of  28 . When the pastor tearfully read that  29 , he knew instantly what he would do.  30  this note, he told the  31  of her love and devotion.
A newspaper  32  the story and published it. A man  33  them a land worth many thousands. Checks came from far and wide. Within five years the little girl"s gift had  34  to $250,000.00 a huge sum for that time.
Her unselfish love had  35  wonders. When you are in the city of Philadelphia, look up Temple University,  36  hundreds of students are trained. Have a look,  37 , at a Sunday School building which houses hundreds of Sunday scholars,  38  no child in the area will ever need to be left outside at Sunday school time. In one of the rooms of this  39  may be seen the picture of the sweet face of the little  40  whose 57 cents made such remarkable history.
题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
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