阅读理解。 Inventor,physicist,surveyor,astronomer,biologist,artist... Robert Hook
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and more.Some say he was the greatest experimental scientist of the seventeenth century.
Once he worked with renowned men of science like Christian Huygens,Antony van
Leeuwenhoek,Robert Boyle,Isaac Newton and the great architect,Christopher Wren.
Hooke"s early education began at home,under the guidance of his father.He entered
Westminster School at the age of thirteen,and from there he went to Oxford,where he
came in contact with some of the best scientists in England.Hooke impressed them with
his skill at designing experiments and devising instruments.In 1662,at the age of
twenty－eight,he was named Curator of Experiments of the newly formed Royal Society
of London.Hooke accepted the job,even though he knew that it had no money to pay him!
Watching living things through the microscope was one of his favorite occupations.He
devised a compound microscope for this purpose.One day while observing a cork (软木)
under a microscope,he saw honeycomb－like structures.They were cells-the smallest units
of life.In fact,it was Hooke who coined the term "cell" as the boxlike cells of the cork
reminded him of the cells of a monastery(修道院)．
Perhaps because of his varied interests,Hooke often left experiments unfinished.Others
took up where he left off and then claimed sole(独占的)credit.This sometimes led to
quarrels with colleagues.One work that he finished was his book MICROGRAPHIA,a
volume that reveals the immense potential of the microscope.The book also includes,
among other things,ideas on gravity and light which may have helped scientists like
Newton while they were developing their own theories on these phenomena.
Hooke made valuable contributions to astronomy too.A crater(陨石坑) on the moon
is named after him in appreciation of his services to this branch of science.
B．liked making friends with the famous people
C．received a lot from other scientists
D．made contributions to many different fields
C．1662D．1640
B．introducing himself to them
C．designing experiments and instruments
D．refusing any reward from Royal Society of London
B．he had all kinds of interests in his daily life
C．he was too proud to look up to them
D．the other scientists took the fruits of his experiments
B．Its ideas on gravity and light might have been helpful for Newton.
C．Newton realized the importance of it.
D．Hooke thought highly of Newton"s scientific theory in it.
答案
举一反三
outside Detroit,not far from her grandparents and their Ontario reservation (印第安人保留地)．When
the teenage Rush visited the reservation for the first time,she was struck by the poverty and lack of hope.
"I really wanted to make a difference,"she says.
She graduated from the University of Michigan in 1982 and took a nursing job . But she was
disappointed with the low pay,and within a year she was pursuing an MBA.That summer,she interned
(作实习生) at an air freight (货运) company,where the speed of package pickups and deliveries drove
profits."I thought I could do that better," Rush says.
She used her credit cards and borrowed $5,000 from her parents to buy a van and two used pickup
trucks.She accepted every delivery job that came her way,and worked nursing shifts on weekends.
Within six months,Rush had ten employees,and customers like Ford and GM were paying her to fetch
small packages from the airport.Ford was the first to offer her a job trucking parts between its plants and
suppliers.
Rush_kept_a_single－minded_focus_on_meeting_deadlines-no matter what.In the wake of 9·11,when
increased security stalled (拖延) traffic for hours on Detroit"s largest bridge, she hired ships to get her
trucks across the Detroit River.
By 2001,many of Rush"s 1,000 employees were Native Americans,working alongside people of every
background.But she felt she hadn"t done enough.So she joined forces with a Canadian parts maker to
design and fit auto parts.She located the plants near reservations,creating opportunities where they were
needed most.By 2009,her auto parts business was bringing in $370 million.
Rush is 49 now and still working hard."I love my job,"she says."I like the fact that you can keep
challenging yourself-and then suddenly you lift your head and it"s been 25 years."
B．pleased
C．nervous
D．curious
B．started a transport business
C．worked as a full－time nurse
D．became a worker at the airport
B．Rush believed in the importance of meetings
C．Rush tried hard to guarantee on－time deliveries
D．Rush would accept every delivery job
B．is the owner of a famous international auto maker
C．believes she would do better if she had better opportunities
D．tries hard to help Native Americans on reservations
B．parts
C．reservations
D．opportunities
The writings of William Shakespeare are today little read by young people in Britian.His young
readership is limited to those who choose to study literature at university.
Still,in British schools,____________to study the poet, and when something is made compulsory,
usually the result is boredom,resentment or both.Shakespeare,Charles Dickens,Jane Austen-for many of
the young,reading them can seem like being forced to eat medicine,especially when people are at an age
when they are beginning to discover themselves and warning to claim their independence.
This was my experience of the classics at school.But when I reached my late teenage years,I had a
change of heart.Like every other young person since the dawn of time,the world confused me.I wanted
answers,so I turned to books to find them.
I went on to take a PhD in literature and have taught the subject in universities in Britain and China.I
have never regretted it.There is something in literature that people want,even if they don"t read books.
You see this in the popularity of TV and movie adaptations of great works,the recent film version of Jane Austen"s Pride and Prejudice being a case in point.These popular adaptations may help increase people"s
interest in the classic.
Reading a simplified Romeo and Juliet may perhaps lead to a reading of Shakespeare"s actual play.If
that is the case then I welcome the trend.But do not make the mistake of thinking that it is the same thing.
Shakespeare is a poet and his greatness is in his language.Reading_someone_else"s rewriting_of_his_work
_is_like_peeling_(剥皮)_a_banana,throwing_away_the_fruit,and_eating_the_skin.Take on the original.It
really is worth the effort.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Thomas A. Edison was bom in Milan, Ohio, on February 11,1847. His family moved to Port Huron, Michigan,when he was seven years old. Surprisingly,he attended school for only two months. His mother, a former teacher,taught him a few things,but Thomas was mostly self-educated. His natural curiosity led him to start experimenting at a young age with electrical and mecharucal things at home.
When he was 12 years old,he got his first job. He became a newsboy on a train that ran between Port Huron and Detroit. He set up a laboratory in a baggage car of the train so that he could continue his experiments in his spare time. Unfortunately,his first work experience did not end well. Thomas was fired when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the baggage car.
Thomas then worked for five years as a telegraph operator,but he continued to spend much of his time on the job conducting experiments. He got his first patent in 1868 for a vote recorder run by electricity. However, the vote recorder was not a success. In 1870,he sold another invention,a stock ticker,for $40 000. A stock ticker is a machine that automatically(自动地) prints stock prices on a tape. He was then able to build his first shop in Newark,New Jersey.
Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other,but thought of his deafness as a blessing in many ways. It kept conversations short, so that he could have more time for work. He called himself a "two-shift man"because he worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes he worked so intensely that his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat.
Thomas Edison died at the age of 84 on October 18,1931,at his estate in West Orange,New Jersey. He left numerous inventions that improved the quality of life all over the world.
1. Thomas Edison did things in this order .
A. he became a telegraph operator,a newsboy,and then got his first patent
B. he became a newsboy, got his first patent, and then became a telegraph operator
C. he got a patent,became a telegraph operator,and then became a newsboy
D. he became a newsboy,a telegraph operator,and then got a patent
2. Of all the inventions, was probably the most important for civilization.
A. the vote recorder
B. the stock ticker
C. the light bulb
D. the motion picture camera
3. The main idea of this passage is that ___ .
A. Edison was always interested in science and inventions ,and he inventea many important things
B. Thomas Edison could not keep a job
C. Thomas Edison worked day and night on his experiments
D. deaf people make good inventors without the distraction of spoken conversation
mother was his first music teacher.As a young man,he continued his music study in Indianapolis,
Indiana.
In 1930,he completed more musical education at Columbia University in New York City.
Then he moved to Washington.For fifteen years,he taught music at Howard University in
Washington.At that time,not many black musicians wereknown for writing or performing
classical music.Teachingat Howard gave Duncan the chance to share his knowledgeof
classical European music with a mainly black student population.He taught special ways
to present the music.These special ways became known as the Duncan Technique.
Besides teaching,Duncan sang in several operas with performers who were all black.
But it seemed that he always would be known mainly as a concert artist.However,his life
took a different turn in the middle 1930s.At that time,the famous American music writer
George Gershwin was looking for someone to play a leading part in his new work Porgy
and Bess.The music critic (评论家) of the New York Times newspaper suggested Todd
Duncan.Duncan had almost decided not to try for the part as he knew it would not be
easy to get it.But he changed his mind.He sang a piece from an Italian opera for Gershwin.
He had sung only a few minutes when Gershwin offered him the part.He became famous
because of the part in Porgy and Bess.
Todd Duncan gained fame as an opera singer and concert artist.But his greatest love
in music was teaching.When he stopped teaching at Howard,he continued giving singing
lessons in his Washington home until the week before his death.
B．How Robert Todd Duncan became famous.
C．Robert Todd Duncan and his works of music.
D．A brief introduction to Robert Todd Duncan.
B．opened doors for other black classical singers
C．had the chance to know many famous black musicians
D．became known for writing and performing classical music
B．He was introduced by the New York Times in detail.
C．He was asked to be in charge of the opera Porgy and Bess.
D．He was given a big opportunity to become an opera singer.
because________.
B．he was not interested in it
C．he was not confident enough
D．he didn"t want to become famous
B．Writing music.
C．Singing opera.
D．Teaching music
A few famous left－handed persons
Bill Gates
Claiming the nation’s richest man among their number is a source of considerable pride for America’s
society of southpaws (左撇子)．In fact，the Microsoft titan (巨人) and philanthropist (慈善家) is one of a surprising number of U．S.business areas to be left－handed，including Henry Ford，John D．
Rockefeller and former IBM head Lou Gerstner.But the club seems to be a guys－only fraternity(联谊会)．Research suggests that while left－handed men tend to earn more than their right－handed
colleagues, there is no similar advantage for women.A study by the National Bureau of Economic
Research floated the idea that left－handed men favor “divergent” (发散性) thinking，a form of
creativity in which the brain moves “from conventional knowledge into unexplored association”．Maybe
that’s what it takes to develop a net worth estimated at least $570 billion.
Oprah Winfrey
The talk－show queen doesn’t need much more to set her apart from the rest.She has herestimated $2.7 billion fortune and a magic ability to sell books just by glancing at them，but she also has the
distinction of being a member of the left－handed club.Men are more likely to be left－handed than
women which makes Oprah more impressive.She’s “in good company”：other showbiz ladies of the southpaw persuasion include Whoopi Goldberg，Julia Roberts and Angelina Jolie(her husband Brad Pitt
is also a lefty)．
Napoleon Bonaparte
Legend has it that Napoleon objected to the time－honored military practice of marching on the left
side of the road with weapons at the ready in the right hand: it put lefties (左撇子) like him at a strategic
disadvantage.Once in power，the story goes，the French emperor，whose queen，Josephine，was
also a southpaw，ordered his armies to change sides.Civilians in countries he conquered had to do the
same.Hence，it’s said that the rules of the road were born，which also explains why the British (who，
along with the Prussians，defeated Napoleon at Waterloo) still driv
e on the left.
Marie Curie
Not only was atomic scientist Marie Curie left－handed，but she was the matriarch (女家长) of a
whole family of accomplished，southpaw scientists.Curie，who discovered the principles of radioactivity
and won two Nobel Prizes，was married to fellow lefty Pierre Curie，who was playing an important
part in helping Marie’s atomic research and shared one of her Nobel awards.Historians believed their
daughter，Irene，was also left－handed.Irene went on to win a Nobel Prize of her own with her
husband，who，you guessed it，was also left－handed.Lefty scientists are hardly unusual.In addition to
the Curie clan，Einstein，Newton and Alan Turing-founder of modern computer science were all left－
handed as well.
B．Napoleon Bonaparte made the rules of the road in England
C．Oprah Winfrey had nothing but $7 billion fortune at that time
D．4 persons were not only successful but all left－handed
A．Club of southpaw
B．Woman advantage
C．Divergent thinking
D．Conventional knowledge.?
B．Oprah Winfrey is completely different from other left－handed women.
C．Oprah’s appearance makes her doubly impressive in the left－handed club.
D．Oprah Winfrey and her husband are both southpaws.
B．Marie Curie and her husband are both left－handed.
C．Irene，Marie Curie’s daughter，and her husband are left－handed.
D．Brad Pitt’s wife，Julia Roberts，is also left－handed.
B．lefty scientists are hardly common
C．lefty scientists come from the west
D．scientists are all left－handed
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