Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy (***) protection is a sad, though not un

Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy (***) protection is a sad, though not un

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Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy (***) protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.
Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency (自满) ,” that explanation doesn’t acknowledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak predicted that digital photography would overtake film (胶片) — and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 — but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.
“It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future”, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.
Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets (资产) into the new businesses.
Although Kodak predicted the unavoidable rise of digital photography, its corporate (企业的) culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.
Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.
小题1:What do we learn about Kodak?
A.It went bankrupt all of a sudden.
B.It is approaching its downfall.
C.It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.
D.It is playing a dominant role in the film market.
小题2:Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?
A.To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.
B.To show its effort to overcome complacency.
C.To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.
D.To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo.
小题3:Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?
A.They find it costly to give up their existing assets.
B.They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.
C.They are unwilling to invest in new technology.
D.They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.
小题4:What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?
A.A burden.B.A mirror.C.A joke.D.A challenge.

答案

小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:A
解析

试题分析:柯达公司要***了?曾经生产过第一个数码相机的柯达公司为什么辉煌不再了呢?究其原因还是太保守了。谁不与时俱进,就会被历史前进的脚步无情的淘汰。
小题1:细节理解题。全文的第一句话:柯达公司申请***保护的决定是令人伤心的。和B选项的它正在接近***。意思一致。所以选B。
小题2:细节理解题。文章的Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency(自满),” that explanation doesn’t acknowledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself.尽管很多人把柯达的***归咎于自满,但这种解释并没有看到其实这家公司也试图在改造自己。 和A选项:为了说明它早期改造自己的尝试。意思一致。所以选A。
小题3:细节理解题。文章第四段 because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses. 因为有一个想要把现存的资产(也就是现有的商业运作成果)运用在新商业领域中的企图。和D选项:它们都深深的过往的辉煌所束缚一致。第五段第一句中也提到:它的公司文化太过植根于过往的成功。也同样可以提示答案选D。
小题4:细节理解题。第五段的最后一句话意思是:现在它们的历史已经成为了障碍。根据上下文推断得出太执着与以往的辉煌会导致变革的减慢甚至失败,判断选A ,burden是负担。
举一反三
GWANGJU, South Korea, Sept. 28,2013 (Xinhua) — Cultural ministers from China, Japan and South Korea participating in the 5th China-Japan-South Korea Ministerial Conference on Culture held here Saturday agreed to strengthen cultural exchange and cooperation to promote the cultural prosperity of East Asia.
Cai Wu, China"s Minister of Culture, Hakubun Shimomura, Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, and Yoo Jinryong, Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Korea attended the meeting in the South Korean city with more than 2,000 years of history.
At the meeting, Cai said that the east and west differ in history, culture and values, but the East Asia as a whole, especially China, Japan and South Korea, should take good advantage of their cultural and historical similarities, trying to create “shared East Asia value”and seeking a greater say around the world.
The ministers drew the Gwangju Joint Document at the meeting to strengthen cultural exchange and cooperation in the fields of culture industry, exhibitions, cultural heritage preservation and the youth exchanges to promote the program of “East Asia City of Culture.”
China, Japan and South Korea also agreed that the host country of the annual ministerial meeting will organize a joint cultural festival, including art performances, exhibitions, academic seminars and other relevant events starting from 2014.
The annual trilateral Ministerial Conference on Culture was firstly launched in 2007. The Gwangju meeting is the fifth round of this series, and the last round of this meeting was held in Shanghai, China in May 2012.
小题1:Which of the following information is True according to the text?
A.The 5th China-Japan-South Korea Ministerial Conference on Culture was held on Sunday.
B.The 5th China-Japan-South Korea Ministerial Conference on Culture is aimed at promoting the cultural prosperity of West Asia.
C.Yoo Jinryong, Minister of Culture, Science, Technology and Tourism of Korea attended the meeting.
D.GWANGJU is a South Korean city that has a history of more than 2,000 years.
小题2:The underlined phrase “seeking a greater say”in Paragraph 3 probably means         .
A.looking for more chances to speak Asian languages
B.trying to get greater power or right of acting or deciding
C.attempting to take up more space in the world
D.getting more time to set a good example to others
小题3:This text mainly tells us ________.
A.three Asian leaders meet each other to discuss economic problems
B.how the program of “East Asia City of Culture”came into being
C.three Asian countries agree to promote cultural prosperity of East Asia
D.the trilateral Ministerial Conference on Culture firstly began in 2007
小题4:We can know from the text that         .
A.the fourth Ministerial Conference on Culture was held in GWANGJU
B.the trilateral Ministerial Conference on Culture is held once a year
C.the Ministerial Conference on Culture has never been held in China
D.no changes were made about the forms of activities to be held in the future

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At least 371people were killed and over 750 others injured Saturday in two earthquakes that hit Pakistan’s southwest Balochistan Province , officials said.
Saif-ur-Rehman, spokesperson of Provincial Disaster Management Authority said that a total of 359 people were killed and 750 others injured up till Saturday in the 7.7-magnitude(震级) earthquake that hit the province on Thursday, while the second earthquake measuring 7.2 at the Richter scale, which struck the area on Saturday afternoon, killed 12 people.
He said that the Thursday "s quake affected six districts with Awaran as the worst hit area, where 312 people were killed and 525 others injured when thousands of houses collapsed(坍塌)in various towns and villages of the district.
The spokesman said that Kech area of the province was also badly affected, where 46 people died and 240 injured in various villages.
The Saturday"s earthquake hit Nokjo area of Awaran, killing 12 people, injuring dozens others and destroying many houses.
The spokesperson said that the condition of the injured and affected people is not yet known, as it happened in a far area where it would take several hours for the rescue teams to reach.
Overall the two quakes affected a population of 185,000 and 37, 000 families, said the spokesperson.
The Chinese government has sent three flights carrying relief assistance, including medicines, emergency medical equipment, water purifiers, blankets, tents weighing 260 tons in total.
It is said that the Chinese government will also be handing over cash grant worth 1.5 million U.S. dollars to Pakistan"s Economic Affairs Division on Sept.30 for the quake victims.
小题1:According to the text, up till Saturday, the deaths in the earthquake that hit the province on Thursday reached ________.
A.371B.359C.383D.312
小题2: Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A.More than 750 people were injured on Saturday in the two earthquakes.
B.Five hundred and twenty-five people were injured in Awaran in the Thursday "s quake.
C.Six districts were affected by the 7.7-magnitude earthquake in Pakistan.
D.No more than one of the two earthquakes struck Awaran, Balochistan Province.
小题3: We can know from the text that         .
A.the condition of the injured people in the two earthquakes was not knownon Saturday
B.the two quakes affected a population of 37, 000 and a total of 185,000 families
C.the Chinese government would send 260-ton relief materials to Pakistan on Sept.30
D.the Chinese government showed great concern for the earthquake-hit areas
小题4:What can be the best title for the text?
A.Earthquakes Hit Pakistan
B.Balochistan Province Manages Disasters
C.More Relief Assistance is Needed
D.Pakistan Faces Great Loss

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Mo Yan, a Chinese writer has won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature, announced the Swedish Academy in Stockholm on Thursday. The win makes Mo Yan the first Chinese citizen to win the Nobel in its history. Informed of his win today, the author, who was having dinner at home, was “overjoyed and scared”.
Born in 1955 to parents who were farmers, Mo Yan--a pen name for Guan Moye, grew up in Gaomi in shandong province in eastern China. At the age of 12, he left school to work, first in agriculture, later in a factory, In 1976 he joined the army and during this time began to study literature and writing.
He published his first book in 1981, but found literary success in 1987 with Hong Gaoliang Jiazu, which was successfully filmed in the stone year, directed by famous Chinese director Zhang Yimou. In his writing, Mo Yan draws on his youthful experiences and on settings in the province of his birth and his works show the life of Chinese people as well as the country’s unique culture and folk customs. Mo Yan is known as a prolific (多产的)writer. In addition to his novels, he has published many short stories and essays on various topics. Despite his social criticism, be is seen in his homeland as one of the most famous contemporary authors. Dozens of his works have been translated into English, French, Japanese and many other languages.
The awarding ceremony was held on December 10. Mo Yan won a medal, a personal diploma and a cash award of about $1 million.
小题1:How did Mo Yan feel when he was told about the news?
A.Excited and proud.B.Worried and cautious.
C.Uncertain and shockedD.Happy and surprised..
小题2:Mo Yan developed his ability for writing when he was ________.
A.on a farmB.in a factory
C.in the armyD.in a school
小题3:One of Mo Yan’s characteristics of writing is that he _________.
A.explains difficult matters in simple words
B.focuses on social problems in the country
C.writes about topics he is familiar with
D.describes his characters in a unique way
小题4:What’s the best title for this passage?
A.Mo Yan Wins Nobel Prize in Literature
B.An Introduction to Nobel Prize
C.How Mo Yan Gets Nobel Prize
D.A World Famous Writer, Mo Yan

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
HK"s family affair
The 32nd Hong Kong Art Festival, to be held early next year, will be based on the theme of “family”.
The art festival, considered to be Asia"s best, was launched in 1973.
“We hope that people from Beijing and from all over the world will go to Hong Kong to enjoy the multiple performances in our art festival,” Douglas Gautier, the festival"s management director, told a press briefing in the capital.
In the 34 days of the festival, which runs from February 8 to March 7, 2004, the audience can choose from 111 performances of 51 programmes staged by 700 foreign performers, 450 local artists and 160 actors from the mainland.
Programmes vary from classical music, jazz, world music, Western and Peking opera, drama and dance to outdoor spectaculars.
The programmes include Beethoven’s only opera Fidelio, Shakespeare’s drama Romeo and Juliet, the ballet Mozartina and African dances, to name just a few.
The lineup (阵容) includes the English Touring Theatre, Prague Chamber Orchestra, Zurich Ballet, the Spanish National Dance Troupe, as well as Europe Galante, the Petersen Quartet, pianists Angela Hewitt, and arc-Andre Hamelin, and saxophonist Jan Garbarek.
In an effort to increase attention, hotels and airlines are offering discount packages along with art festival ticket sales.
For more information, please check www.hk.artsfestival.org.
小题1:The press briefing must have been held ______. 
A.in Hong KongB.in EuropeC.in BeijingD.in Zurich
小题2:By means of "discount packages", you can pay ______.
A.more than the usual cost
B.less than the usual cost
C.for the air ticket but not for the festival ticket
D.for the ticket but not for hotel rooms
小题3:We do NOT have any information about ______.
A.what programmes there will be
B.in which theatres there will be performances
C.who will perform
D.when the festival will be held
小题4:Where is this material from?
A.Literature MagazineB.Textbook
C.Website www.hk.artsfestival.org.D.Newspaper

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Russian President Putin named Time magazine"s "Person of the Year"
  Russian President Vladimir Putin was named Time magazine"s’ "Person of the Year" on December 19th. 2007 for strengthening stability(稳定)that made Russia a world power again.
  The magazine recognized Putin"s "extraordinary feat(技艺)of leadership in taking a country that was in a mess and bringing it stability,"said Richard Stengel,Time"s managing editor.
  The magazine noted that "Person of the Year" is not an honor or an endorsement(认可)but a recognition of leadership that shapes the world.
  Putin,who is 56 years old,is very popular in Russia,making a great effort to cause economy to come to life on revenue(收入)from oil and natural gas.
  Putin recently supported vice-PM Dmitry Medvedev"s presidential bid,and said he would accept Medvedev"s offer to serve as prime minister if Medvedev is elected on March 2.
  The Kremlin said Wednesday the Time recognition was seen there as an acknowledgement of Putin"s role in helping Russia pull out of its social and economic troubles in the 1990s.
  Others considered for "Person of the Year" included Nobel Prize-winner Al Gore and author J.K. Rowling.
  This year"s choice was a return to the magazine"s tradition of picking an individual rather than last year"s choice of "You",which refers to anyone creating or using content on the World Wide Web.
  Putin is the fifth Russian(or Soviet)leader to be named Person of the Year:Gorbachev,Andropov,Khrushchev and Stalin,who was named twice.
小题1:How did Putin try to make Russia a world power again?
A.By performing arms race.B.By making war.
C.By strengthening stability.D.By getting foreign help.
小题2:How many times have Russian leaders been named "Person of the Year" so far?
A.Five times.B.Six times.C.Seven times.D.Eight times.
小题3:Which of the following is Not True according to the passage?
A.Russia used to be in a mess.
B.Time always picks an individual to be the "Person of the Year".
C.Oil and natural gas caused Russia"s economy to come to life.
D.Putin will leave office on March 2nd, 2007.
小题4:What is the author’s attitude towards the matter?
A.NegativeB.PositiveC.CriticizeD.Objective

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