Animal training refers to teaching animals specific responses to specific condit
题型：不详难度：来源：
| Animal training refers to teaching animals specific responses to specific conditions or stimuli (刺激). Training may be for the purpose of companionship, detection, protection, entertainment or all of the above. |
| An animal trainer may use various forms of reinforcement (强化) or punishment to condition an animal’s responses. Some animal trainers may have a knowledge of the principles of behavior analysis and operant conditioning (操作性条件反射), but there are many ways to train animals and as a general rule no legal requirements or certifications are required. |
 Training chickens has become a way for trainers of other animals (primarily dogs) to perfect their training technique. Bob Bailey, former director of Animal Behavior Enterprises and the IQ Zoo, teaches chicken training courses where trainers teach chickens to tell different shapes, to successfully pass through a way with obstacles (障碍) and to chain behaviors together. Chicken training is done using operant conditioning, using a clicker and chicken feed for reinforcement. |
 Fish can also be trained. For example, a goldfish may swim toward its owner and follow him as he walks through the room, but will not follow anyone else. The fish may swim up and down signaling the owner to turn on its aquarium light when it is off, and it will skim the surface until its owner feeds it. Pet goldfish have also been taught to perform more difficult tasks, such as doing the limbo (a kind of dance) and pushing a very small soccer ball into a net. |
 Among all animals, they are the third cleverest after monkeys and dolphins. Scientists think the training of pigs is easier than the training of dogs and cats. Pigs have a very good sense of smell. They can find things nearby or faraway. They can also help the police to find out drugs at an airport or at a train station. |
| A．detect objects for people | B．keep people company |
| C．protect or entertain people | D．all of the above |
| A．Most people teach animals general responses to general conditions. |
| B．Training animals requires some certifications. |
| C．Training chickens is a way to improve the trainers’ skills. |
| D．Chickens can be trained to help the police to find out drugs. |
| A．be trained to follow anyone |
| B．turn on its aquarium light when it is off |
| C．signal its owner to feed it |
| D．take part in a football game in the field |
| A．pigs do not bite like dogs |
| B．pigs are smart animals |
| C．pigs have a good sense of hearing |
| D．pigs can help find out drugs at an airport |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:C
小题4:B
解析
试题分析：文章主要讲述了对动物进行训练的目的，好处，以及对不同的动物的特点。
小题1:D 细节题。根据第一部分2,3行Training may be for the purpose of companionship, detection, protection, entertainment or all of the above.说明ABC三项都是训练动物的好处，故D正确。
小题2:C 细节题。根据第三部分1,2行Training chickens has become a way for trainers of other animals (primarily dogs) to perfect their training technique.说明训练鸡可以提高训练者的水平，故C正确。
小题3:C 细节题。根据第四部分2,3行The fish may swim up and down signaling the owner to turn on its aquarium light when it is off, and it will skim the surface until its owner feeds it.说明金鱼可以示意主人喂食，故C正确。
小题4:B 细节题。根据文章最后一部分1,2行Among all animals, they are the third cleverest after monkeys and dolphins. Scientists think the training of pigs is easier than the training of dogs and cats.说明猪很聪明，这是它容易被训练的原因，故B正确。
点评：本文关于动物训练方面的内容的短文，考查的以细节题为主，对于文章中的细节题，要注意文本内容的理解。关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查题支和原文的异同，常犯错误有：绝对化语言，范围扩大或缩小，以偏概全，张冠李戴等。带着问题，再读全文，找出答题所需要的依据，完成阅读。
举一反三
Asians are immigrating (移民) to Canada and the United States in larger numbers than ever before. Most Asians immigrate because they believe that they can give their children a better education in the West. In Asia, especially in China, Japan, and Korea, it is difficult to go to university. Students must first pass the strict national examination. However, in Canada and the United States, it is easy to go to university, and anyone who wants to go can go. As a result, Asian parents decide to leave their countries so that their children can go to university.
The problem is that when Asians arrive, they discover that finding a job and making money are more difficult in the West than in the East. Also, they find that they are very lonely, and that they miss their homes. For these two reasons, most Asian parents decide to go back to work while their children study in the West. Therefore, these children become “satellite kids”, and most of their parents do not know how sad it is to be a “satellite kid”.
Only until now are Canadians and Americans discovering the “satellite kid” problem. Because these children do not speak English and because their parents are not there to take care of them, they are often absent from school. To be a “satellite kid” means to grow up in a country where you know you are different and where you cannot make friends because you do not speak English well. Also, it means to grow up lonely, because your parents are elsewhere. What these “satellite kids” will probably say to their parents is that it’s better to have parents around than to have a university education.
小题1:Some Asian parents send their kids abroad because ________.
| A．they hope their children may easily find a job there |
| B．the kids may not be accepted by universities in their own countries |
| C．all foreign universities are better than the ones in their own countries |
| D．the kids want to improve their English and make foreign friends |
| A．without parents | B．living abroad alone |
| C．with university education | D．speaking no English |
| A．want to leave their own country | B．want them to go to university |
| C．return to their countries to work | D．want them to be independent |
| A．Parents want better education for their kids. |
| B．Parents feel lonely and miss their families. |
| C．Canadians and Americans begin to notice the “satellite kids” problem. |
| D．Kids in foreign countries alone are badly in need of care from family. |
Some teenagers are crossing their dream colleges off their lists. Others are thinking of skipping（略过）their senior trips or reducing prom(毕业舞会)costs. Many are finding their work hours cut while their expenses rise.
So, who exactly is punishing them？Is it their parents, teachers or employers？No, it’s the economy（经济状况）.
If you are like most teenagers, you probably don’t understand what “recession”, “negative economic growth” and “subprime mortgage crisis (次贷危机)”actually mean. And you probably don’t spend your days watching the ups and downs of the stock market.
It’s safe to say that most teens don’t know much about the economy except for one thing：it’s bad. But just how exactly is the economy affecting teens?
“The single largest thing I have noticed is the recession’s ability to affect my college choice, “said Heather Richars from Downey High School in California, US. “With the economic situation the way it is, I have thought less about going to a private or out-of-state university, and more about public schools in California, mainly because of the price of tuition, “said Richars. “I had been a fan of attending a private school up until this year.”
The economy cuts into other areas of teenagers’ lives, too.
Joey Camarda, a student at Modesto High School in California, who works at an ice cream store, said,“ Probably due to the economy, I have been getting less hours at my job, and because of that, I am not getting enough money to help pay for college.”
Tara Mooney, a senior at Beyer High School, has also begun to notice that money is tight.
“Things are getting expensive,” she said. “When it comes to applying for colleges and wanting to go on senior trips, I have to pick and choose instead of doing it all.”
小题1:The purpose of writing the passage is mainly to tell us ________.
| A．the economic recession has had a big effect on teens’ work, life and study |
| B．teenagers are now having difficulty in deciding which colleges to apply for |
| C．teenagers don’t know much about the economic recession |
| D．teenagers are considering giving up their senior trips to save money |
| A．go to a private university |
| B．attend an out-of-state college |
| C．attend a public college in California |
| D．find a good university as he planned |
| A．He has to find more part-time jobs. |
| B．He has to help his mother do more chores. |
| C．He has found that he had more time to study. |
| D．His plan to pay for college will be hard to realize. |
| A．Parents punish their teens by giving them less money. |
| B．Most teens understand what negative economic growth means. |
| C．Teenagers are finding it harder to do what they want than before. |
| D．Teenagers have realized the importance of managing their own money. |
Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and force students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.
An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.
In a New York Times article, Sam Boakye – the only black student on his freshman year floor -said that "if you"re surrounded by whites, you have something to prove."
Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.
According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.
An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.
Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said.
At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing.
"One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration."
"I"ve experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes(模式化形象) and strengthened stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural resistance."
The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.
Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.
小题1:What can we learn from some recent studies?
| A．Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable. |
| B．Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes. |
| C．Students of different races are prejudiced against each other. |
| D．Interracial lodging does more harm than good. |
| A．Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer. |
| B．Roommates of different races just don"t get along. |
| C．Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out. |
| D．Assigning students" lodging randomly is not a good policy. |
| A．The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race. |
| B．Students of different races are required to share a room. |
| C．Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen. |
| D．Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception. |
| A．Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging. |
| B．Students" racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned. |
| C．Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems. |
| D．It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study. |
Some students who steal essays wholly from the Web, they said, are so lazy they don’t even bother to take the ads off the cut-and-pasted text. 58 percent of the teachers interviewed in the Association of Teachers and Lectures(ALT) questionnaire had come across plagiarism among their pupils. Gill Bullen from Itchen College in Southampton, for example, said pieces handed in by two students were the same and significantly better than either of them could have done.” “Not only that, the essays given in didn’t quite answer the title question I had set.” A teacher from Leeds said, “ I had one piece of work so obviously ‘cut and pasted’ that it still contained ads from the Web page” Connie Robinson from Stockton Riverside College, Stockton, said, “ With less able students, it is easy to spot plagiarism as the writing style changes mid-assignment, but with more able students, it is sometimes necessary for teachers to carry out Internet research to find out the source of the plagiarism.” Mary Bousted, general secretary of the ALT, said, “Teachers are struggling under a mountain of cut-and-pasting to spot whether work was the student’s own or plagiarism.” She called for strong policies to oppose plagiarism, and asked for help from the government in providing resources and techniques to delete cheats.
小题1:What does the underlined word “plagiarism” in Para 1 probably mean?
| A．making quotations |
| B．stealing others’ works or ideas |
| C．cutting and pasting on the Internet |
| D．surfing others’ works or ideas |
| A．bother to remove the ads |
| B．want to steal the whole essay |
| C．check the mistakes on the Internet |
| D．bother to do the work of cutting and pasting |
| A．the government doesn’t complete its duty to stop plagiarism |
| B．it’s very easy for teachers to spot plagiarism |
| C．plagiarism causes the teachers great trouble |
| D．only the government can find cheats |
| A．UK students are lazy |
| B．punishment on plagiarism |
| C．Internet plagiarism –a problem in UK |
| D．Hard to prevent plagiarism from the Internet |
attention, and even throws in a nice little moral about friendship．What can I say? I"m pleasantly surprised．
The promising Mae Whitman voices Tinker Bell herself, a far more dynamic character than we met in Peter Pan．Though Tinker still possesses her fiery temper, it doesn"t manifest itself immediately, and takes a backseat to this pixie"s many good qualities． As it turns out, Tinker Bell is extremely skilled at tinkering （修补 ）, so she is a natural choice to build a special scepter（拐杖）,for Pixie Hollow"s Autumn Celebration．The scepter will hold the moonstone through which the light of the Blue Moon will pass, supplying Pixie Hollow with enough pixie dust for the year ahead．
For days, Tinkers works hard on the perfect scepter design while her good friend Terrence does his best to assist． When Terrence accidentally breaks the Moon Stone, Tinker Bell "explodes and sends him away．One of Tinker"s more literal friends finds this extremely concerning, as she doesn"t" quite understand
that the outburst was emotional rather than physical - very funny indeed．
After hearing the legend of the lost treasure, Tinker Bell strikes out on her own to find a new Moon Stone．She faces many difficulties and meets new friends along the way, but when Terrence comes to the rescue at Tinker"s darkest hour, she realizes the value of a truly loyal friend． Though the film offers a positive message to young viewers, it"s the animation that makes Tinker Bell and the Lost Treasure stand out．Pixie Hollow is a charming, visually stunning world basked in lush colors．It"s so lovely, so detailed, so
three - dimensional that you almost want to step inside．
小题1:From the first paragraph, we can learn that ．
| A．many famous actors acted important roles in the film |
| B．the plot of the film is attractive and easy to understand |
| C．the write feels surprised at the message of friendship in the film |
| D．the film Tinker Bill and the Lost Treasure may disappoint you if you love magic tales |
| A．occur | B．hide | C．display | D．contradict |
a． Tinker Bell realizes the value of a truly loyal friend．
b．Terrence breaks the Moon Stone by accident．
c． Tinker Bell is determined to build a special scepter．
d． Terrence comes to the rescue when Tinkers was in trouble．
| A．c b d a | B．b．c d a | C．b c a d | D．c d a b |
| A．the attractive details |
| B．the lively animation characters |
| C．the three - dimensional animation |
| D．the moving love story between Tinker Bell and Terrence． |
| A．movie poster | B．movie review |
| C．introduction to a book | D．person introduction |
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