There are some new drivers going back to school. Teens who have recently gotten
题型：不详难度：来源：
There are some new drivers going back to school. Teens who have recently gotten their driver"s licenses may be taking the wheel to school this fall. However, parents fear when their teen starts driving. And it turns out that such parental fears are justified, so it"s worth reviewing how to keep your teen safe while he or she is behind the wheel.
Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among US teens. Drivers 16 to 19 years old are at the greatest risk of crashes. In fact, their risk is 4 times greater than that of older drivers. The teens at the greatest risk are those who are male, those carrying other teenage passengers in the car, and those still in their first year of driving. Nearly 50 percent of teen deaths related to automobile crashes happen on Fridays, Saturdays, or Sundays between the hours of 3 pm and midnight.
Why are teens at higher risk of motor vehicle crashes?
Development. Teens haven"t completely matured mentally and have greater risktaking behaviors, possibly because they tend to underestimate the risk associated with a particular behavior. Teens also have a greater tendency to speed and to drive too close to the cars in front of them.
No seatbelts. Teens have the lowest rate of seatbelt use among all driving groups.
Alcohol. A least 25 percent of motor vehicle deaths in teens are related to drinking alcohol.
Technological distractions(分散注意力的事)．Cellphones，texting，MP3 players，and the like can all distract drivers greatly—and who more than teenagers?
Be aware of your teen"s driving practices and discuss safe driving habits when opportunities present themselves. Check out the applications and devices now available for restricting your teen"s use of technology while driving. Some applications alert you to the danger when your teen is texting while the vehicle is moving. Another device blocks incoming and outgoing texts when the car is running—incoming messages get an automatic reply (eg. “I"m driving right now”), and phone calls go directly to voicemail. You can also get notifications if your teen tries to shut off the program. There are also GPS programs that let you know your new driver"s whereabouts at all times. All in all, you can"t be too cautious when teaching your teen how to be safe on the road.
小题1:What factor is least related to the teen drivers" high risks of crashes?| A．Drivers" age. | B．Passengers" sex. | | C．Driving experience. | D．Driving time. |
小题2:Teens probably turn away their attention from driving when they are ________.| A．using no seatbelts | B．drinking water | | C．carrying passengers | D．answering cellphones |
小题3:According to the passage, which should be prevented during teens" driving?| A．Texting. | B．GPS programs. | | C．Automated replies. | D．Voicemail. |
小题4:The author writes the last paragraph in order to ________.| A．offer parents practical suggestions | | B．summarize teens" driving practices | | C．advocate different driving habits | | D．set an example for the teens |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:A |
解析
本文主要分析了青少年开车容易造成事故的原因并就此为家长支招。
小题1:答案：B 推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可以排除A、C、D项。注意B项中的Passengers" sex，文章第二段谈到的是司机是男性，而不是乘客。故答案为B项。
小题2:答案：D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Cellphones，texting，MP3 players，and the like can all distract drivers greatly”可知答案是D项。
小题3:答案：A 细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，开车发短信是不可以的，故A项正确。B项“全球定位系统”可以让其他人知道司机的位置，C项“自动回复”，D项“语音信箱”都是被允许的。
小题4:答案：A 细节理解题。通读最后一段的内容，尤其是最后一句“All in all，you can"t be too cautious when teaching your teen how to be safe on the road.”可知答案是A项。
疑难词汇解读
1．mature adj.成熟的
a mature peach熟透的桃子
2．distract v．分散，使分心
Children are so easily distracted.儿童的注意力很容易被分散。 |
举一反三
October 15th is the Global Handwashing Day. Activities are planned in more than 20 countries to get millions of people in the developing world to wash their hands with soap. For example, donors（捐赠者） will give 150,000 bars of soap to schools in Ethiopia.
Experts say people around the world wash their hands every day, but very few use soap at so-called important moments. These include after using the toilet, after cleaning a baby and before touching food.
Global Handwashing Day is the idea of the Public-Private Partnership for Handwashing with Soap. Partners include the United Nations Children’s Fund, American government agencies, the World Bank and soap makers Unlever and Procter and Gamble. The organizers say all soaps are equally effective at removing disease-causing germ(细菌). They say the correct way to wash is to wet your hands with a small amount of water and cover them with soap. Rub（揉搓） it into all areas, including under the fingernails（指甲）. Rub for at least twenty seconds. Then rinse well under running water. Finally, dry your hands with a clean cloth or wave them in the air.
The Partnership for Handwashing says soap is important because it increases the time that people spend in washing hands. Soap also helps to break up the dirt that holds most of the germs. And it usually leaves a pleasant smell. The Partnership for Handwashing also says washing with soap before eating or after using the toilet could save more lives than any vaccine(疫苗)or medicine. Hand washing could also prevent the spread of other diseases. When people get germs on their hands, they can infect（感染）themselves by touching their eyes, noses or mouths. Then they can infect others.
小题1:What’s the best title for this passage?| A．Say no to washing hands in the wrong way. | | B．Find out why washing hands carefully is so important. | | C．Hand washing: so important----it gets a day of its own. | | D．Want to live a longer life?-wash your hands. |
小题2:The word “rinse” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.| A．to dry your hands | B．to wash away the soap | | C．to rub your hands carefully | D．to clean your fingers |
小题3:The last paragraph mainly tells us ______.| A．how to wash your hands correctly | | B．why washing hand with soap is so important | | C．the dangers of washing hands without soap | | D．when we should especially wash our hands with soap |
小题4:In which part of newspaper would you most probably read this passage?| A．Medical care | B．Public service | C．Health report | D．Advertisement |
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In the past, going to a piano teacher was the most popular way to learn how to play the piano. You could get one-to-one teaching and have the opportunity to learn as much as the teacher knew. If you didn’t have private lessons, you could still learn the piano, but you would have to teach yourself. This was easy for some, but very difficult for most. However, with technology developing today, there is at last another way that you can take piano lessons. You can take an online course.
An online course is much cheaper than a private lesson. If a private lesson costs 30-40 dollars per week, just think about how quickly that adds up. You can take a whole online course in piano for just a fraction(小部分) of the money that you would spend on weeks of private lessons. Also, private lessons are usually only one hour per week. So you would have to wait for your next lesson to continue your learning. However, online piano courses are quite different.
With an online piano course, you can work at your own pace. You can also take as many lessons per week as you want, or go back and listen to your last lesson if you have forgotten anything. Most adults who want to learn how to play the piano enjoy being able to go back and listen to the lessons again.
Of course if you need someone to sit beside you and offer you immediate feedback(反馈) as you are playing, you might not get that from an online piano course. However, the lessons online can be viewed（观看） at any time, or as often as you’d like, which means that you can get your own type of feedback from an online piano course.
小题1:This passage mainly tells us ______.| A．the disadvantages of the traditional ways of learning to play the piano | | B．the differences between traditional piano courses and online courses | | C．why people prefer online piano courses to traditional piano courses | | D．the advantages of learning to play the piano through an online course |
小题2:What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 want to tell us?| A．That private piano lessons shouldn’t be that expensive. | | B．That taking private piano lessons really costs a lot. | | C．That not everyone can afford to take piano lessons. | | D．That the price for private piano lessons has increased greatly. |
小题3:How did the writer make his points clear?| A．By giving detailed data. | | B．By giving many examples | | C．By writing about his own experiences | | D．By comparing with the old ways. |
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Most parents and teachers would get angry when they hear that teenagers listen to their iPods while preparing for exams. But pupils who listen to music when doing their homework may be, in fact, working hard.
Thirty three schools have downloaded specially written pop and rock songs for their 10,000 pupils who are studying for GCSE (初级毕业证书). The professionally recorded music, based on texts in English literature, teaches teenagers about themes in the GCSE curriculum (课程). Two young men set up “Revise”, the company that produced the songs, and worked with teachers to make sure the lyrics (歌词) reflected the curriculum. Some of the songs were written by Geraint Brown, a director, and they are performed by professional singers and musicians.
Songs for the GCSE science and maths lessons are also being developed in 36 schools. They have also started using the program, called, “LearnThruMusic”.
Dave Matthews, the head of Hawthorn High School in the South Wales valleys, said the program aimed at helping teenagers who are unwilling to study. He said, “There are lots of pupils who don’t have a high level of home support. It’s almost cool to say you have no need to find a support and we have got to change that. With this, they don’t have to be sitting at their desk at home. They can be outside, walking around or even listening to it on the bus, which is very convenient for them.” Everyone has a phone, MP3 or CD player, and they’re more likely to listen to these than pick up a book. “I think everyone would agree that music had an important influence on us when growing up. Both boys and girls are very good at remembering the words and dancing to the music in the charts. There’s no one thing that will successfully engage (使…产生兴趣) every child, and some of them will make little or no use of this. But the fact that they don’t have to do any extra work makes this a very good deal for a kid,” Dave Matthews added.
小题1:The pop and rock songs used in 36 schools ________. | A．were written for the students to relax themselves | | B．made most parents and teachers angry | | C．were specially written for hardworking students | | D．were closely related to the curriculum |
小题2:Which benefit of the program is NOT mentioned in the passage? | A．It saves students much extra work. | | B．It offers different ways of learning. | | C．It makes remembering easier. | | D．It improves family support to kids. |
小题3:Which of the following can be inferred in the passage? | A．The program is not expected to have equal effect on every student. | | B．Some students used the song as an excuse for not reading textbooks. | | C．It’s more difficult to create songs for science and maths lessons. | | D．Students involved in the program needn’t go to school every day. |
小题4:Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? | A．Special-written Songs — A Reason Why Students Should Listen to IPods. | | B．Special-written Songs — A New Way to Learn the Curriculum. | | C．Special-written Songs — A Substitution for Textbooks. | | D．Special-written Songs — Mothers’ New Concern. |
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Although websites such as Facebook and MySpace experienced rapid growth during the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, some users remain unaware of the fact that the information they post online can come back to haunt them. First, employers can monitor employees who maintain a blog, photo diary, or website. Employers can look for controversial(引起争议的) employee opinions, sensitive information disclosures, or wildly inappropriate conduct. For example, a North Carolina newspaper fired one of its features writers after she created a blog on which she wrote about the strange things of her job and coworkers without signing her real name.
The second unintended use of information from social networking websites is employers who check on prospective employees. A June 11, 2006 New York Times article reported that many companies use search engines and social networking websites such as MySpace, Xanga, and Facebook to conduct background checks on college campuses. Although the use of MySpace or Google to check a student’s background is somewhat unsettling to many undergraduates, the Times noted that the use of Facebook is especially shocking to students who believe that Facebook is limited to current students and recent alum(校友).
Corporate employers are not the only people interested in college students’ lives. The third unintended use of social networking websites is college administrators who monitor the Internet — especially Facebook — for student bad behavior. For example, a college in Boston’s Back Bay expelled (除名) its student Government Association President for joining a Facebook group highly critical of a campus police sergeant. In addition, fifteen students at a state university in North Carolina faced charges in court for underage drinking because of photos that appeared on Facebook.
Although more users of websites such as Facebook are becoming aware of the potential dangers of online identities, many regular users still fail to take there basic security precautions(警惕). First, only make your information available to a specific list of individuals whom you approve. Second , regularly search for potentially harmful information about yourself that may have been posted by mistake or by a disgruntled
(不满的)former associate. Thrid, never post obviously offensive material will likely make its way to the wider world. By taking these simple steps, members of the digital world can realize the many benefits of e-community without experiencing some of the damaging unintended consequences.
小题1:The main purpose of the passage is to _____.| A．explain the growth of the digital world from the view of privacy | | B．discuss the risks of the digital world and suggest ways to protect yourself | | C．propose steps Facebook, MySpace and Google can take to protect user privacy | | D．illustrate(说明) potential unintended uses of private information |
小题2:The writer implies that users should take all of the following actions to protect their online privacy EXCEPT _____.| A．know to whom you make your online information available | | B．actively hunt for damaging information posted about you or under your name | | C．speak with employers to inform them of any misinformation published about you | | D．avoid uploading information that would be extremely damaging if it were discovered |
小题3:According to the passage, which of the following does the author imply?| A．Information obtained unwillingly from the Internet is permitted in court. | | B．It is impossible to protect yourself from unintended uses of information online. | | C．Even if you restrict who can view your data, the government may still access it. | | D．Done properly, posting offensive information about oneself brings no risk. |
小题4:In the last paragraph the author mainly _____.| A．offers detailed examples to support previous viewpoints | | B．further explores the ill-effects of the Internet on the protection of privacy | | C．summarizes the points of the above paragraphs | | D．provides suggestions to overcome the previously mentioned problems |
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It is generally believed that we are getting cleaned when we step under a shower. We are, but we’re also giving a home to lots of tiny little creatures we didn’t even know about. A showerhead carries thousands of bacteria called Mycobacterium．These can cause problems like coughs and tiredness, and a general feeling of poorliness (身体不舒服). When you turn on the water, the bacteria go from the showerhead onto and into your body.
This is a finding of Norman R. Pace and his team at the University of Colorado, in the US. The scientists investigated bacteria in all kinds of human environment, including showers．Pace"s team looked at 45 showerheads in nine American cities. They discovered that 30 percent of them had large amounts of flying Mycobacterium.
But Pace said that they pose few threats to the health．Only those with a weak immune system might need to worry．He told the New York Times that the bacteria are not as unpleasant as might be thought．He said that having a shower is no more dangerous than anything else we do in the morning．
But for those who feel sick about the idea of all those microorganisms (微生物), he had some advice. Let the water run for 30 seconds before getting into the shower. Why? The number of bacteria is smaller than that when the water is just turned on. If that seems like a waste of water, he added that you could also change your showerhead every few months.
However, Pace had good news too. He has also been testing the air in US subways. Apart from iron particles (粒子), which are ground off the track by the wheels of trains, subway air is fresh. The reason is that a train’s movement pumps fresh outdoor air into the tunnels.
Pace explained that he wanted to understand the natural microbial environments of public places. This kind of knowledge might help discover the microbes to be used in a bioterrorist (生物恐怖分子) attack.
小题1:From the finding of Norman R. Pace, after taking a shower, we might cough or feel tired because .| A．it’s easy to get a cold when taking a bath | | B．the showerhead carries many bacteria causing illness | | C．we don’t get cleaned while showering | | D．we don’t get a weak immune system |
小题2:According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?| A．Hot water could kill most of bacteria in showerheads. | | B．Of 45 showerheads surveyed in nine cities, 30 carried large amounts of Mycobacterium. | | C．Changing showerheads is the only way to avoid microorganisms. | | D．Shower water contains much less bacteria after being left to run for 30 seconds. |
小题3:We can learn from the third paragraph that .| A．having a shower in the morning is more dangerous than at other time | | B．the bacteria always threat people’s health | | C．there is no reason to fear microorganisms for people with strong immune system | | D．it is better to do some exercise in the morning than have a shower |
小题4:The underlined word “pose” in the third paragraph probably means “______”．| A．cause | B．avoid | C．describe | D．promise |
小题5:What contributes to fresh air in US subways?| A．The train’s movement. | B．Iron particles． | | C．Train wheels. | D．Air conditioners on the trains． |
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