There is some unwelcome news for students preparing for exams and officers putti
题型：不详难度：来源：
There is some unwelcome news for students preparing for exams and officers putting in long hours-----you don"t need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired.
Scientists have long assumed that willpower (意志力) is a limited resource, which is why you feel the need to have a rest, have a snack and come back to a task when you"re feeling better. They argued that the only way to restore willpower was by rest, food or entertainment.
But psychologists have challenged this theory, saying weak willpower is all in your head. They found that people"s beliefs in willpower determine how long and how well they"ll be able to work on a tough mental exercise. "If you think of willpower as something that"s limited, you"re more likely to be tired when you perform a difficult task," said Prof.Veronika Job. ""But if you think of willpower as something that is not easily used up, you can go on and on."
The researchers designed four experiments to test students"-beliefs in willpower. After a tiring task, those, who believed or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource, performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over. They also found that leading up to final exam week, students who believed the limited resource theory ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more control in resisting temptation (诱惑).
Mr. Job said. "The theory that willpower is a limited resource is interesting, but it has had unintended consequences. Students who may already have trouble studying are being told that their power of concentration is limited, and they need to take frequent breaks. But a belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges.""
The findings could help people who are" battling temptation. Willpower isn"t driven by a biologically based process as much as we used to think. The belief in it is what influences your behavior.
小题1:The theory that willpower is limited supports that _________. | A．people must eat snacks when they feel tired | | B．people do need a break to restore their willpower | | C．there’s no way to strengthen people’s willpower | | D．weak willpower doesn’t affect people’s life much |
小题2:What have the scientists long believed regarding willpower? | A．It is in the charge of people. | | B．It is a limited resource. | | C．There is no way to restore willpower. | | D．It doesn’t easily run out. |
小题3:Which of the following best helps the students to prepare better for their exams?| A．Push themselves even if they want to take a break. | | B．Don’t eat fast food while studying. | | C．Remind themselves willpower is not limited. | | D．Stay in a comfortable and quiet place. |
小题4:The following groups can benefit from the findings except| A．patients following strict diets | | B．children liking to watch TV | | C．smokers trying to give up smoking | | D．employees facing a new but well-paid task |
小题5:What’s the best title for the passage? | A．A new theory about willpower | B．How to build strong willpower | | C．The great influence of willpower | D．Willpower doesn’t last long |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:D
小题5:A |
解析
试题分析：人们长久以来认为意志力是有限的，所以人们累了就需要休息，但是一项新的研究表明，人的意志力是无限的，这会导致人们更加专注，对于那些和诱惑做斗争的人，这个发现是很有用的。
小题1:细节题：从第二段的句子：They argued that the only way to restore willpower was by rest, food or entertainment.可知人们的意志力是有限的支持了：人们需要休息修复他们的意志力这种说法，选B
小题2:细节题：从文章第二段的句子：Scientists have long assumed that willpower (意志力) is a limited resource, which is why you feel the need to have a rest, have a snack and come back to a task when you"re feeling better.可知科学家长期以来认为意志力是一个有限的资源，选B
小题3:细节题：从文章第四段的句子：After a tiring task, those, who believed or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource, performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over.可知提醒孩子自己意志力不是有限的可以帮助他们更好的准备考试。选C
小题4:推理题：从最后一段的句子：The findings could help people who are" battling temptation.可知对那些要和诱惑作斗争的人来说，这项发现是有用的。所以遵循严格饮食计划的病人，喜欢看电视的孩子和想戒烟的抽烟者都可以从这项发现受益，而面对一个新的，但是报酬丰厚的任务的职员不能受益于这个发现。选D
小题5:标题确定题：从那个全篇文章和第一段的句子：There is some unwelcome news for students preparing for exams and officers putting in long hours-----you don"t need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired.可知文章介绍了一个关于意志力的新发现，所以A是最好的标题。 |
举一反三
In the second half of each year, many powerful storms are born in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean seas. Of these, only about a half a dozen generate the strong, circling winds of 75 miles per hour or more that give them hurricane status, and several usually make their way to the coast. There they cause millions of dollars of damage, and bring death to large numbers of people.
The great storms that hit the coast start as innocent circling disturbances (气旋) hundreds — even thousands — of miles out to sea. As they travel aimlessly over water warmed by the summer sun, they are carried westward by the trade winds. When conditions are just right, warm, moist (潮湿的) air flows in at the bottom of such a disturbance, moves upward through it and comes out at the top. In the process, the moisture in this warm air produces rain, and with it the heat that is switched to energy in the form of strong winds. As the heat increases, the young hurricane begins to turn around in a counter-clockwise motion (反时针方向).
The average life of a hurricane is only about nine days, but it contains almost more power than we can imagine. The energy in the heat released (释放) by a hurricane’s rainfall in a single day would satisfy the entire electrical needs of the United States for more than six months.
Water, rather than wind, is the main source of death and destroying in a hurricane. A typical hurricane brings 6-to-12-inch downpours resulting in sudden floods. Worst of all is the powerful movement of the sea — the mountains of water moving toward the low-pressure hurricane center. The water level rises as much as 15 feet above normal as it moves toward shore.
小题1:An ordinary tropical storm is called a hurricane when ______.| A．it occurs in the Caribbean seas | | B．its winds reach 75 miles per hour | | C．it makes its way to the coastline | | D．its winds begin to circle on the sea |
小题2:What is the worst thing about hurricane?| A．The rough water. | B．The violent winds. | | C．The heat it gives out. | D．The length of its life. |
小题3:What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?| A．The hurricane is extraordinarily powerful. | | B．The hurricane is used to generate electricity. | | C．The hurricane can otherwise offer an unusual sight. | | D．The hurricane can give people an unforgettable experience. |
小题4:The counter-clockwise movement of the hurricane is caused by ______.| A．the low-pressure area in the center of the storm | | B．the force of waves of water | | C．the increasing heat | | D．the trade winds |
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After commuting, cooking dinner and doing household chores, the average parent has just 30 minutes to devote to their children in the evenings, according to a new study. One in four working parents worry that half an hour simply isn’t enough, while almost half fret that they aren’t a good enough parent during the week.
However, parenting experts believe just 12 minutes a day may be enough for mothers and fathers to fully reconnect with their child — as long as they ask the right questions. Child psychologist Dr Claire Halsey said asking a series of open-ended questions can help improve parents’ relationship with their children.
Among the questions recommended in the research are: “How many times have you smiled today — what made you laugh?”; “Can you act out what you did at breaktime?”; “Who is taller — mummy or your teacher?” and “What are the names of the toys you played with today?” Parents of older children are advised to start up a conversation with: “I’ve got a great story for you but I want one in return… you first!” or “Tell me some school gossip … I’m all ears!”
Dr Halsey, working with the makers of Ribena Plus, who commissioned the research, said: “There is no one as tough on their own parenting skills as a parent — but this study shows there is no need for parents to be so harsh. It’s hard for working parents to juggle all their responsibilities and it can feel like guilt is simply a parent’s lot — but it’s absolutely not. By using clever tactics such as a little preparation alongside use of open-ended questions — such as ‘Tell me what the best bit about your day was?’ — parents can reduce the time worrying about chores and work and spend more time learning about their children’s day.”
小题1:The underlined word reconnect in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________.| A．discuss | B． communicate | C． understand | D． combine |
小题2:According to Paragraph 1, almost half of the working parents ________.| A．can spare only about half an hour to be with their kids every day | | B．spend their daytime commuting, cooking dinner and doing household chores | | C．worry that half an hour’s stay with their kids is far from enough | | D．fear that they aren’t a good enough parent during the week |
小题3:What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean?| A．I will be glad to listen. | | B．I will be very interested. | | C．I will listen carefully. | | D．I will call your teacher at school. |
小题4:Which of the following open-ended questions is for a three-year-old child?| A．Where are you off to with your friends this weekend? | | B．Who played the best in your football match today? | | C．What science project are you doing at the moment and can I help with it? | | D．What are the names of the toys you played with today? |
小题5:What does Dr Halsey intend to tell us in this passage?| A．It is not necessary for parents to spend too much time with their children. | | B．It is natural that working parents do not afford more time to reconnect with kids. | | C．It is important that working parents learn more parenting skills. | | D．It is clever that parents ask their kids questions instead of doing chores. |
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The arts, especially music, should be part of every school"s lessons at every grade level. Students would be much smarter if they had some musical experience. They could improve their classroom skills, like paying attention and following directions. People develop all these skills when they learn music. Making music also lets children use their imagination. It provides students with a chance to try out their own ideas.
Music not only makes children better students, but also gives them something positive to do. In a music program, children can be part of a band instead of joining a gang (团伙). Parents can enjoy listening to their children"s music instead of seeing them glued to a computer or TV screen. In a school band, students get to be part of a team. They can get along well with old friends and make new friends through music.
Music builds self-confidence, too. It gives children a sense of achievement and success. Making music is something for them to be proud of, and it lets kids practice performing in front of an audience. Music gives children an opportunity for self-expression, and that helps develop their self-confidence.
Once again, music is important because it can make children better students, give them something positive to do, and build their character. That is why music should be offered in every single grade in every school.
小题1:According to the passage, music could make students smarter by _______________.| A．improving their classroom skills and paying attention | | B．improving their classroom skills and imagination | | C．improving their attention, direction and imagination | | D．learning music, making music and trying out their own ideas |
小题2:What does the underlined phrase "glued to" in the second paragraph mean?| A．unwilling to turn on | B．always looking | | C．unwilling to leave | D．always playing |
小题3:The third paragraph mainly tells us that music could _______________.| A．give children self-expression and self-confidence | | B．bring to children achievement and success | | C．give children something to be proud of | | D．develop children"s self-confidence |
小题4:What"s the best title of this passage？| A．Music is a must as a course at school | | B．Music builds children"s self-confidence | | C．Music makes students much smarter | | D．Learning music and making music |
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Fear is an emotion like others such as happiness, anger, hurt, sadness. We need emotions to process information we receive and decide how to respond. Being afraid of fast cars, for example, is something that might protect us from harm. Being afraid of the consequence of a choice may prevent us getting into trouble.
Fears in young children commonly center on certain animals like snakes or big dogs. Fears are caused often because of experiences or ideas expressed by others, and at times, the media. Many normal fears during the early years, like men with beards, or large dogs, disappear with age. Those relating to personal failure and ridicule (嘲笑) remain through adulthood and may need special help to overcome.
Children’s fears are often trivial, but that doesn’t mean they should be ignored. They need to be recognized and accepted as real for that child. Only when we help children understand their fears can they grow normally in their ability to deal with them.
Research shows that as a child grows up, the center of his fears changes a lot. Things like divorce, a teacher who “shouted at me”, people with guns, bullies, big boys, or “making fun of me” top the list of childhood fears.
We can not always prevent these experiences from happening, but it’s essential that children be allowed to freely express their emotions without judgment. Sympathy and a caring listener will help ease the pain of these fears. Read books and stories to your child about children who have experienced similar fears. This helps children talk about their fears and find ways to cope. With all emotions, fears become less of a problem for children as they gain self-confidence and they find that fear is normal and can be dealt with.
小题1:According to Paragraph 2, we can know that fears in young children_______. .| A．only center on frightening animals | B．are not born but learned | | C．can make sure of their safety | D．need special help to deal with |
小题2:The underlined word “trivial” in the third paragraph probably means “_______”.| A．small | B．serious | C．harmful | D．common |
小题3:In dealing with children’s fears, the final goal of the parents is to _______.| A．stop unpleasant experiences happening to children | | B．let children know about the nature of fear | | C．create an environment where there is nothing to fear | | D．develop children’s ability to treat their fear on their own |
小题4:From the passage we can learn that ________ .| A．some childhood fears may have a lasting influence | | B．children should avoid the media to reduce their fear | | C．fears can be judged according to the environment | | D．children with similar fears can communicate easily |
小题5:What’s the best title for this passage?| A．How to Overcome Children’s Fears | B．Children’s Fears | | C．The kind of Children’s Fears | D．The Bad Effects of Fears |
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As they migrate (迁移), butterflies and moths choose the winds they want to fly with, and they change their body positions if they start floating in the wrong direction. This new finding suggests that insects may employ some of the same methods that birds use for traveling long distances. Scientists have long thought that insects were simply at the mercy of the wind.
Fascinating as their skills of flight are, migrating behavior has been difficult to study in insects because many long distant trips happen thousands of feet above ground. Only recently have scientists developed technologies that can detect (测出) such little creatures at such great heights.
To their surprise, though, the insects weren’t passive travelers on the winds. In autumn, for example, most light winds blew from the east, but the insects somehow sought out ones that carried them south and they positioned themselves to navigate directly to their wintering homes.
Even in the spring, when most winds flowed northward, the insects didn’t always go with the flow. If breezes weren’t blowing in the exact direction they wanted to go, the insects changed their body positions to compensate (补偿). Many migrating birds do the same thing.
The study also found, butterflies and moths actively flew within the air streams that pushed them along. By adding flight speeds to wind speeds, the scientists calculated that butterflies and moths can travel as fast as 100 kilometers an hour. The findings may have real-world applications. With climate warming, migrating insects are growing in number. Knowing how and when these pests move could help when farmers decide when to spray their crops.
小题1:What’s the main idea of the text? | A．Insects migrate with the seasons． | | B．Wind helps insects greatly in migrating． | | C．Windsurfing insects have real direction． | | D．Scientists have trouble in observing insects． |
小题2:Scientists originally thought that ________．| A．insects always waited for their favorable winds | | B．insects chose the winds they wanted to ride | | C．insects were just blown about by the wind | | D．insects positioned themselves in the winds |
小题3:It is not easy to study the migrating behavior of the insects because ________． | A．the little creatures can fly very fast | | B．they have no regular migrating courses | | C．the wind’s direction is hard to foresee | | D．their flight is long and high above ground |
小题4:We can learn from the text that _________． | A．insects fly in the way birds do | | B．insects travel more easily in autumn | | C．insects never position themselves when flying low | | D．insects rest a lot when the wind pushes them along |
小题5:According to the passage, the findings can__________． | A．increase insects in number | B．instruct farmers when to spray | | C．prevent climate warming | D．help protect insects |
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