When did you last go outside for sports? Some students might need a while to rem
题型：不详难度：来源：
Now colleges are seeing a change in the student lifestyle from outdoor enthusiasts to indoor couch potatoes and Internet addicts. The Internet and various on-campus services, from food delivery to laundry, are leading to a student culture of staying in dormitories. A student can have every need met without leaving the dormitory.
In the past two years Zhang Yi, 20, a junior majoring in law at Yangzhou University, has never been outside for sports except during physical education class. “I don’t think there is anything wrong with sleeping late in the morning and wanting to stay in the dormitory in my spare time. I have more fun doing things on my computer than playing on the sports ground in wet clothes.” said Zhang.
“With social networking sites, online games and micro-blogging added to already tight schedules, sports are often the last thing to be considered.” said Cheng Jie, 21, a senior majoring in civil engineering at the Southeast University in Nanjing.
But Jin Yinghua, a professor at Beijing Sports University, said that sports are not only for keeping fit, but also an irreplaceable(不能替代的) “education” for students. Sports are not only a way for students to train their body, but also an important way to learn responsibility, teamwork and devotion.
小题1:The first paragraph mainly tells us ________.
| A．the fingerprint punch-in clocks are widely used |
| B．some college students have poor memories |
| C．students cannot skip morning running any more |
| D．the problem of students skipping sports is serious |
| A．love sports more than anything else |
| B．prefer Internet games to sports |
| C．enjoy sleeping late in the morning |
| D．are too busy with study to do any sports |
| A．sports play an important role in students’ over-round development |
| B．the most important goal for students to do sports is to keep healthy |
| C．universities should take tough measures in student management |
| D．the spirit of responsibility can be developed in more than one way |
| A．Morning running at colleges | B．A new college life |
| C．Sports losing attraction | D．P.E. class at colleges |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:A
小题4:C
解析
试题分析：这篇文章讲的是越来越多的大学生课余时间都是基本宅在宿舍里玩电脑，缺乏锻炼、生活不规律已然成为大学生的健康公敌，制约了他们的发展。
小题1:段落大意题：从文章第一段的句子：When did you last go outside for sports? Some students might need a while to remember.和However, some students still try to skip(不参加) morning running. To them, sports are just not important enough.可知第一段讲的是：学生不运动的问题很严重。选D.
小题2:推理题：从倒数第二段的句子：“With social networking sites, online games and micro-blogging added to already tight schedules, sports are often the last thing to be considered.” said Cheng Jie,可知Cheng Jie认为大学生更喜欢网络游戏而不是运动，选 B
小题3:细节题：从最后一段的句子：sports are not only for keeping fit, but also an irreplaceable(不能替代的) “education” for students. Sports are not only a way for students to train their body, but also an important way to learn responsibility, teamwork and devotion.可知Jin认为运动对学生的全面发展而言是非常重要的。选A
小题4:标题确定题：从全篇文章可知这篇文章讲的是越来越多的大学生呆在室内玩电脑，而不出去运动，通过引用不同的人的话，说明这个问题的严重性，也证明运动是非常重要的教育方式，所以C是最好的标题。
举一反三
Sian Beilock: “They start worrying about the consequences. They might even start worrying about whether this exam is going to prevent them from getting into the college they want. And when we worry，it actually uses up attention and memory resources. I talk about it as your cognitive horsepower that you could otherwise be using to focus on the exam.”
Professor Beilock and another researcher，Gerardo Ramirez，have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam，highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test.
Sian Beilock: “What we think happens is when students put it down on paper，they think about the worst that could happen and they reappraise the situation. They might realize it’s not as bad as they might think it was before and，in essence(本质上)，it prevents these thoughts from popping up when they’re actually taking a test.”
The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. They gave them two short math tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test.
The researchers added to the pressure. They told the students that those who did well on the second test would get money. They also told them that their performance would affect other students as part of a team effort.
Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of twelve percent worse on the second test. But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of five percent.
Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the test.
Prefessor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B+，compared to a B－ for those who did not.
Sian Beilock: “What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious，who’d done our writing intervention(排解)，all of a sudden there was no relationship between test anxiety and performance. Those students most likely to worry were performing just as well as their classmates who don’t normally get nervous in these testing situations.”
But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam or presentation? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance.
小题1:Which of the following is TRUE?
| A．The result in the math test agrees with that in the biology test. |
| B．In the first math test, students who sat quietly performed better. |
| C．In the second math test, students who wrote about their feelings did worse. |
| D．Some college students are highly anxious test-takers while others are not in the tests. |
| A．Test anxiety is sure to cause students to fail the test. |
| B．Test anxiety can improve students’ performance to some degree. |
| C．Students’ attention and memory resources run out when worried. |
| D．Students may not be admitted into their favorite college if worried |
| A．proper amount of burden may turn out to be a good thing |
| B．facing the fears bravely may help one to achieve more |
| C．avoiding facing the problem may contribute to relaxation |
| D．taking no action before difficulty may result in success |
| A．It is important for students to overcome test anxiety. |
| B．Anxious students overcome test anxiety by writing down fears. |
| C．It is a common practice for students being worried before a test. |
| D．Being worried before tests does harm to students’ performance. |
Your brain isn’t a muscle, but you can treat it like one
Many people focus on physical fitness, but few know that brain fitness is also something you can work on. In fact, you can exercise your brain as often as you do to your arms or legs —and the results can be positive and empowering.
To improve your brain, you can’t simply repeat the same exercises over and over. Just as lifting a two—pound weight will stop challenging you, so will repetitive exercises such as crosswords or Sudoku. Once you master easy exercises, you must move on to harder ones in order to push your brain —like your muscles —to a new level.
The science behind brain training
Scientists once believed that your mental abilities were fixed in adulthood. Since studies have shown just the opposite, millions of people around the world have adopted the new practice of brain training. The most popular of these brain training products is made by the San Francisco—based Lumosity. Lumosity"s scientists with an experienced team of game designers have developed a fun，effective online brain training program that measures，tracks，and adapts to your progress，so you"ll always be challenged.
Promising studies on the effects of brain training
In a 2013 Stanford study，a treatment group of 21 breast cancer survivors used 12 weeks of Lumosity training to work on processing speed，mental flexibility，and working memory tasks. On average，those who trained improved on tests of these abilities，compared to a group that did not train with Lumosity.
There is even some evidence suggesting that Lumosity may be beneficial to normal，healthy adults. In a 2011 study by Lumosity and San Francisco State University researchers. 13 people who trained over 5 weeks improved working memory scores by 10％and attention scores by 20％.
Brain training is designed to meet real-life needs
The design of brain training is targeted at real-life benefits instead of improving game scores. Better attention，for example，can mean greater focus in the classroom or at an important business meeting. With improved processing speed，you might react and adapt faster to the demands of a busy life. And a better memory could mean stronger，longer relationships with the people closest to you.
小题1:We can learn from the passage that _________.
| A．brain training speeds up the recovery of breast cancer |
| B．your brain is like a muscle because it gives you power |
| C．people"s mental abilities can"t develop after they grow up |
| D．Lumosity can measure，track and suit your level as you improve |
| A．Better attention. | B．A better memory. |
| C．Better writing skills. | D．Higher processing speed. |
| A．People should care more about physical health instead of mental health. |
| B．Brain training has been proved effective through scientific researches. |
| C．A bad memory is the only reason for weak relationships with people. |
| D．Playing online games is the best way of brain training. |
| A．Brain Training Makes a Difference | B．Train Your Brain like a Muscle |
| C．Lumosity，Your Best Choice | D．How to Train Your Brain |
I trained hard every day. Since I wanted to be the best I could be, I knew I would have to set some clear goals for myself. A couple of my goals were: run a 135-mile ultra-marathon(超级马拉松) across Death Valley, win the Badwater Ultra-Marathon, and run a marathon to the South Pole.
I had no idea how I was going to achieve these goals, but they certainly encouraged me to work hard. Today, I am really grateful to say that I have achieved all of them. Shortly after completing these goals, I set another goal: to run fifty marathons, in fifty states, in fifty days. Nobody had done anything like this before. To be honest, I was not quite sure if I could. But there was only one way to find out…so I just started training and preparing to give it my best try.
I completed that goal one year ago, and it felt great! But for me, life is not all about achieving goals. Sure, it feels good to succeed, but the greatest reward for me was learning more about myself and what I was able to do.
Only by stepping out into the unknown and stretching(使倾注全力) ourselves can we really discover what our true potential(潜能) is。
小题1:Which played an important role in the author’s success?
| A．Setting goals | B．Learning from others. |
| C．Being honest | D．Keeping on reading . |
| A．very grateful | B．not quite confident |
| C．quite afraid | D．not very satisfied |
| A．Win the Badwater Ultra-Marathon. |
| B．Run a marathon to the South Pole. |
| C．Run fifty marathons, in fifty states, in fifty days. |
| D．Run a 135-mile ultra-marathon across Death Valley. |
| A．life means achieving goals |
| B．success is the greatest reward |
| C．sports help develop our potential |
| D．everyone may have great potential. |
Our nature includes not just humans but plants and animals as well. Everything in our environment is connected in a complex cycle. If you have a better understanding of how animals would behave and work with us, then you would value nature better.
Some animals are actually misunderstood by people like sharks and snakes. These creatures are thought of as human killers, and this is mainly because we don’t understand why they behave that way. In zoology you would be able to learn natural behavior as well as their homes so you would completely understand why they would behave in a defensive(防御的) manner when they seem to be threatened. Studying zoology would help people achieve clearness over the common myths we have on different wild animals.
Studying zoology would help people know the real facts about animals. One of the negative facts is the decreasing numbers of some species of animals. It makes people realize that there is a need for nature to be always balanced. We need animals to keep the balance in our environment and for humans to survive as well. It would help us learn the needs that animals lack and we can respond by thinking of solutions we can give to the endangered species of animals.
Modern progress is needed for a country to grow in terms of its economy; however, it should not force us to destroy our rainforests and oceans. People should realize that our modern lives should include the lives of the animals that live with us. They should not be contained in zoos but in their natural homes as well. We will learn that every living creature on the earth has the right to own a home and we need to fight for them to have permanent(永久的) homes.
小题1:According to the text, nature should be .
| A．left alone | B．treated seriously |
| C．taken for granted | D．taken lightly |
| A．making our world beautiful | B．protecting species of plants |
| C．providing food for humans | D．keeping nature in balance |
| A．caretakers | B．killers | C．competitors | D．trainers |
| A．The Ways of Protecting Animals |
| B．The Importance of Studying Zoology |
| C．The Introduction to Zoology |
| D．The Advantages of Learning Zoology |
Now, scientists in California say they have come up with a way to turn a living cell into a memory device.
It can store only one tiny bit of information, but it’s a start. In the future, a cell-based gadget might travel through the body and record measurements. The benefit to human health could be big: the right tool, for example, might record the earliest signs of disease.
Doctors, scientists and other curious people want to know what is happening inside the body, even at levels that can’t be seen by the naked eye. So far, there is no device small enough to travel through the bloodstream.
If normal machines won’t do the trick, perhaps biology will. Scientists who work in the field of synthetic (合成的) biology are trying to find ways to turn living things into human tools. In the case of the new memory device, bioengineers from Stanford University used the genetic material inside living cells to record information.
This genetic material consists of DNA. Found in nearly every cell, DNA carries all of the information that keeps a living thing alive.
In the new experiment, the researchers turned DNA from bacteria(细菌) into a switch. They “flip (翻转)” a small section of DNA. Then, using the same procedure (过程) , the scientists flip the section again—returning it into its normal structure.
Using these DNA switches, “We can write and erase DNA in a living cell,” bioengineer, Jerome Bonnet, explained to Science News.
It might take years before his team or others identity whether a DNA-based memory device might be practical. Right now, it takes one hour to complete a flip. That is far too long to be useful. Plus, a flipped section has a very small little memory—less than what a computer uses to remember a single letter.
“This was an important proof that it was doable,” Bonnet told Science News. “Now we want to build a more complex system, something that other people can use.”
小题1:What is the aim of listing the electronic things in the first paragraph?
| A．To make the passage more fashionable. |
| B．To show how electronic things have memory. |
| C．To discuss things in detail. |
| D．To make the subject of the text more understandable. |
| A．To detect disease at the earliest point. |
| B．To help improve the memory. |
| C．To help people build a body. |
| D．To replace many electronic gadgets. |
A. The cells of bacteria.
B. The DNA of bacteria.
C. A section of bacteria.
C. The nucleus of bacteria.
小题4:What do we know about a flipped section of DNA?
| A．It has a very small memory. |
| B．It can function as a computer. |
| C．It has one letter in it. |
| D．It takes a day to complete it. |
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