CWhen an ant dies, other ants take it out of the nest, often within an hour afte
题型：不详难度：来源：
C
When an ant dies, other ants take it out of the nest, often within an hour after its death. This behavior interests scientists and they wonder how ants know for sure--and so soon--that another ant is dead.
One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behavior. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I’m dead--take me away” when it is dead.
One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behavior. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I’m dead---take me away” when it is dead.
But there"s a question to answer: As we know, if an ant is dead, it stops moving. But when an ant is sleeping or knocked unconscious, it is also not moving. However, other ants don"t move the living ant out of the nest. How do they know this ant is not dead? Choe found that ants have another chemical on their bodies, which tells nearby ants something like, “Wait—I"m not dead yet” when it is not dead. Choe suspects that when an ant dies, the chemical that says, “Wait— I"m not dead yet” quickly goes away. When other ants detect the “dead” chemical without the “not dead yet” chemical, they move away the body.
To test his theory, Choe and his team put different chemicals on ants. When the scientists used the “I"m dead” chemical, other ants quickly moved the treated ant away. When the scientists used the “Wait—I"m not dead yet” chemical, other ants left the treated ant alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the “not dead yet” chemical overrides the “dead” chemical when picked up by other ants. And that when an ant dies, the “not dead yet” chemical fades away. Other nearby ants then detect the remaining “dead” chemical and remove the body from the nest.
Understanding this behavior can help scientists figure out how to stop ants from invading new places and causing problems.
小题1:What is the function of the first paragraph?| A．Leading the following paragraphs. | | B．Showing the main idea of the passage. | | C．Introducing the background of the passage. | | D．Giving a summary of the passage. |
小题2:Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “overrides” in the fourth paragraph?| A．is weaker than | B．is stronger than | C．is better than | D．is worse than |
小题3:What can we learn from the passage?| A．Living ants can also be taken away when they are not moving. | | B．When an ant dies, it can tell others using a certain chemical. | | C．A living ant can pretend to be dead using a special chemical. | | D．Ants often use chemicals to communicate with each other. |
小题4:Which of the following descriptions about Dong-Hwan Choe is right?| A．Choe did this study in order to stop ants from invading new places. | | B．Choe is a biologist who is only interested in animals, especially in ants. | | C．Choe first came up with an idea to explain this ant behavior，and then did some tests to prove his theory. | | D．Choe did the research on this ant behavior on his own. |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:B
小题4:C |
解析
试题分析：
【文章大意】本文是一篇科普文章。文章讲述了蚂蚁是怎样得知蚂蚁死了，然后把它弄出蚂蚁洞的。文章通过实验研究得知：在死去蚂蚁的身体外面发出一种化学物质，告诉其他蚂蚁“它已经死了”。
小题1:A考查作者的写作意图。文章的第一段提出问题吸引读者，并引出下文科学家要解决的问题。所以第一段起的是统领全文的作用。故选A。
小题2:B考查猜测词义。根据文章第四段中的When the scientists used the “Wait—I"m not dead yet” chemical, other ants left the treated ant alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the “not dead yet” chemical overrides the “dead” chemical when picked up by other ants.可知，当“I"m not dead”的化学物质超过“I"m dead”的化学物质时，其他蚂蚁才不理这些蚂蚁。故此处overrides是“强于，超过”的意思。选B。
小题3:B考查推理判断。根据文章第二段中的One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behavior. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I’m dead---take me away” when it is dead.可知，蚂蚁死后有一种化学物质给其他蚂蚁发出信号告诉它们“它已经死了”。故选B。其他三项与文章内容不符。
小题4:C考查推理判断。根据文章第二段中的One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behavior. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I’m dead---take me away” when it is dead.可知，Choe先提出理论，然后证实了他的理论。故选C。 |
举一反三
Electrical devices(仪器)could soon use power made by human energy. Scientists say
they have developed an experimental device that produces electricity from the physical movement of a person walking. British scientist Max Donelan and other scientists in Canada and the United States developed the device.
The device connects to a person’s knee. As the person walks, the device captures energy each time the person slows down. To do this, the device helps with the slowing down movement of the leg. The movements of the walking person push parts of a small machine
that produces electricity. Using the device, an adult walking quickly could produce thirteen watts of electricity in just a minute. Donelan says walking at that speed could produce enough power to operate a laptop computer for six minutes.
There are several possible uses for the device. Developers say it could help people who work in areas without electricity to operate small computers. The device could also be used in hospitals to operate heart pacemakers(起搏器). It could even be used to assist in the movement of robotic arms and legs.
The experimental version of the device weighs about one and a half kilograms, but it is too costly for most people to buy. But the researchers hope to make a lighter, less costly version. An improved version shou1d be ready in one year.
The developers hope the device will one day help developing countries. Near1y twenty five percent of people around the world live without electric power.
A similar product was invented in 2005 by Larry Rome of the University of Pennsylvania. He created a bag carried on a person’s back that also produces power from wa1king.
The knee device does not produce as much electricity as the bag. But the bag requires the walker to carry a load of twenty to thirty kilograms.
小题1:The second paragraph mainly talks about .| A．who developed the device | | B．how the device works | | C．several possible uses for the devices | | D．how much electricity the device can produce |
小题2:What is the disadvantage of the experimental version of the device?| A．It is too heavy for the walker to bear. | | B．It is too complex for people to use. | | C．It is too expensive for most people to afford. | | D．It will slow down one’s walking speed. |
小题3:Compared with the device designed by Larry Rome, this new device .| A．produces power without adding more loads to the walker | | B．can produce more power in a much shorter time | | C．needs to be equipped with a battery | | D．can help the walker wa1k faster |
小题4:From the passage, we can learn that the electrical device can .| A．help housewives operate the washing machine | | B．make it much easier for us to go online | | C．produce more electricity than that invented by Larry Rome | | D．be applied in medicine to operate heart pacemakers |
小题5:What would be the best title for the passage?| A．First device powered by walking wi1l soon be on the market | | B．Advanced technology brings in a new way to operate heart pacemakers | | C．Device gives new meaning to the idea of power walking | | D．Human energy will become a main source of electricity |
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We are fortunate to be living in a time when all people have the ability to access any knowledge they desire. This digital society that we live in affords us opportunities that our ancestor only dreamed of having. We should not take this privilege for granted.
In the not so distant past of the 1950s, people who wanted to research an idea, a product, or anything else, had to go to a library where they could look up information in books. Not all people had the same access to the books, and the information they contained. In America, if your skin was black, you could not use the same library that a person with white skin used. If a black skinned person was allowed access to a library, it most likely was stocked with outdated books that white skinned people had discarded.
In the digital society we live in today, the color of your skin does not determine the access you have to information. Technology has brought to us the powerful tools like the Internet where we can find information on almost every subject.
Access to the Internet has allowed us to research the things we are planning to purchase. We are capable of comparing prices on things like insurance, appliances, entertainment, clothing, and all other things. We also now have the ability to purchase items online without ever leaving our homes. We have been freed from the restrictions of store hours, and regional sales. A person in America can purchase a product from a person in Germany, without leaving home.
Because of the digital society we live in our children can learn about anything they are interested in. When they ask you what the dinosaurs ate, you can look it up, and tell them the answer. Because of this people will be smarter in the future, and technology will only improve.
小题1:By “We should not take this privilege for granted”, the writer means that ______.| A．we have special right to do anything | | B．it is wrong to make use of the privilege | | C．knowledge is important in the digital society | | D．we should seize the chances the modern society offers |
小题2:The main idea of the fourth paragraph is that ______.| A．the Internet brings us a lot of convenience | | B．people in modern society are mostly wealthy | | C．we would like to stay at home every day | | D．we can find anything we like in the world |
小题3:The dinosaurs are mentioned in the last paragraph in order to tell us that _____.| A．people will be much clever than ever | | B．what the dinosaurs ate seems strange to us | | C．finding out what the dinosaurs looked like is easy | | D．we can learn knowledge with the help of technology |
小题4:The writer’s attitude toward the digital society is ______.| A．critical | B．positive | C．neutral | D．negative |
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Culture can affect not just language and customs, but also how people experience the world on surprisingly basic levels.
Researchers, with the help of brain scans, have ______ shocking differences in perception between Westerners and Asians, what they see when they look at a city street, for example, or even how they are _____ of a simple line in a square, according to findings published in a(n) _____ science journal.
In Western countries, culture makes people think of themselves as highly ______ entities. When looking at scenes, Westerners tend to focus more on central objects than on their surroundings. East Asian cultures, however, ________ inter-dependence, When Easterners look at a scene, they tend to focus on the surroundings as well as the object.
Using an experiment ________ two tasks, Dr. Hedden asked subjects to look at a line simply to estimate its length, a task that played to American’s _______. In another, they estimated the line’s length relative to the size of a square, an easier task for the Asian.
The level of brain activity, by ______ blood flow, was then measured by Brain Scanners. The experiment found that although there was no difference in performance, and the tasks were very easy, the levels of activity in the subjects’ brain were ______. For the Americans, areas ______ to attention were more favorable to them, when they worked on the task they tended to find more difficult --- estimating the line’s size relative to the square. The findings are a ______ of more than ten years of previous experimental research into East-West differences.
In one study, for instance researchers ______ people a choice among five pens; four red and one green. Easterners were more likely to choose a red pen, and Westerners were more likely to choose the green one.
Culture does not only make a(n) ______ on how you see the world, but how you choose to understand and internalize it. But such habits can be changed. Some psychological studies suggest that when an Easterner goes to the West or vice versa, habits of thought and perception also begin to change. Such research gives us ______ to how our brain works and holds new promises for us to develop programs to improve our memory techniques and __________ our learning skills.
| 小题1: | | A．recovered | B．revealed | C．rejected | D．replaced |
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| 小题2: | | A．aware | B．sensitive | C．capable | D．ignorant |
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| 小题3: | | A．essential | B．complex | C．leading | D．inviting |
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| 小题4: | | A．independent | B．creative | C．cooperative | D．responsible |
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| 小题5: | | A．neglect | B．rely | C．compliment | D．emphasize |
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| 小题6: | | A．involving | B．referring | C．joining | D．participating |
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| 小题7: | | A．respect | B．favor | C．surprise | D．resistance |
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| 小题8: | | A．reducing | B．adding | C．tracking | D．speeding |
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| 小题9: | | A．the same | B．different | C．unique | D．unusual |
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| 小题10: | | A．objective | B．associated | C．opposite | D．linked |
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| 小题11: | | A．comment | B．reflection | C．reaction | D．respond |
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| 小题12: | | A．provided | B．offered | C．supplied | D．handed |
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| 小题13: | | A．agreement | B．effort | C．impact | D．affect |
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| 小题14: | | A．clues | B．ideas | C．concepts | D．suggestions |
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| 小题15: | | A．rise | B．enable | C．decrease | D．enhance |
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Let us begin by saying what does not cause our dreams. Our dreams do not come from “another world ”. They are not messages from outside source. They are not a look into the future , either ．
All our dreams have something to do with our feelings, fears, longings, wishes, needs and memories. If a person is hungry , or tired or cold , his dreams may include a feeling of this kind ．If the covers on your body , such as a quilt or a blanket have slipped off your bed , you may dream that you are sleeping on the ice and snow. The material for the dream you will have tonight is likely to come from the experience you have today.
So the subject of your dream usually comes from something that has effect on you while you are sleeping （feeling of cold, a noise, a discomfort, etc．） and it may also use your past experiences and the wishes and the interests you have now．This is why children are likely to dream of fairies, older children of school examinations, hungry people of food, home-sick soldiers of their families and prisoners of freedom．
To show you how this is happening while you are asleep and how your needs and wishes can all be joined together in a dream , here is the story of the experiment．A man was asleep and the back of his hand was rubbed with a piece of absorbed cotton．He would dream he was in hospital and his charming girlfriend was visiting him , sitting on the bed and feeling gently his hands!
There are some scientists who have made a special study of why we dream, what we dream and what those dreams mean．Their explanations of dreams , though a bit reasonable, is not accepted by everyone but it offers an interesting approach to the problem．They believe that dreams are mostly expressions of wishes that do not come true．In other words, dreams are a way of having your wishes carried out．
小题1:From the passage we know that our dreams ___________.| A．are imagination of our daily life | | B．are man’s curious look into the future | | C．have nothing to do with our feelings | | D．are to some degree connected with our feelings |
小题2:Older children often dream of examinations probably because ___________.| A．they are interested in exams | | B．they are often worried about their studies | | C．they hope for a better life | | D．they show much interest in their studies |
小题3:According to the writer , the explanation of dreams that some scientists made ___________.| A．is considered interesting , but unreasonable | | B．gives a good answer to the question why we dream | | C．has some value , though not fully convincing | | D．has been proved by the findings of their studies |
小题4:What is the best title for this passage ?| A．Why People Dream ? | B．New Findings about Dreams | | C．Dream Makes Hopes | D．What Dreams Mean ? |
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In the late 1970’s,many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems ，and new steel — and — glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Some ecologists (生态学家）pointed out that a number of tall buildings in a city often overburden public transportation.
Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers of electric power and water. In just one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City itself has already raised the top daily demand for electricity by 120, 000 kw — enough to supply the entire city of Albany in New York area for a single day.
Glass—walled skyscrapers can also be especially wasteful. The heat loss ，or gain， through a wall of half 一 inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical ordinary wall filled with bricks or board. In order to decrease the pressure on heating and air — conditioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double—layered glass ，and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that could reduce glare (强光）as well as heat gain. However, mirror — walled skyscrapers may raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings as well.
Skyscrapers put a severe pressure on a city"s sanitation (卫生）facilities, too. If fully occupied, the towers just within the central area of New York would alone produce 2. 25 million gallons of waste water each year^—as much as the city size of Stanford， Connecticut, which has a population of more than 109，000.
小题1:The underlined phrase“ lavish consumers ”in the 2nd paragraph probably means ____ | A．trash producers | B．great spenders | C．pressure makers | D．poor customers |
小题2:Glass walls of skyscrapers are specially mentioned in order to _____.| A．show how skyscrapers manage to lessen their pressure | | B．explain why skyscrapers can control its air conditions | | C．describe further how wasteful skyscrapers could be | | D．present the stability of skyscrapers in modern buildings |
小题3:From the last paragraph we can learn that _____.| A．central New York skyscrapers are a large waste water producer | | B．the central area of New York is as large as the city of Stanford | | C．more than 109，000 people live in the skyscrapers in New York | | D．New York produces 2. 25 million gallons of waste water each year |
小题4:When the writer talks about skyscrapers ，his tone sounds _____| A．positive | B．doubtful | C．grateful | D．negative |
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