One of the world"s richest men has taken a close interest in one of man’s most b
题型：不详难度：来源：
One of the world"s richest men has taken a close interest in one of man’s most basic functions: visiting the toilet．Bill Gates’s charitable organization, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, is looking for inventors to design the loo of the future, which, they hope, would improve sanitation for millions of people around the world．
So, what"s wrong with the traditional flush toilet? Firstly, it wastes a huge amount of potential drinking water．Secondly, they are more likely to cause pollution．This is a real problem in many areas of the developing world, where, according to United Nations estimates, unsafe sanitation causes half of all hospitalizations．Younger people are particularly at risk．Illnesses which cause diarrhea are responsible for the deaths of about 1.5 million children a year．Finally, standard lavatories simply aren’t practical in remote areas．
The challenge set by Bill Gates was to come up with a latrine which works without running water, electricity or aseptic tank(化粪池)．It also needed to operate for less than 5 cents．28 designs were displayed at the recent Reinvent the Toilet Fair in Seattle, USA．Among them was one which turned human waste into electricity using microwaves, another which converted human waste into charcoal, and yet another which used urine for flushing．
But the winner was a solar-powered design which generated hydrogen gas and electricity.The team from the California Institute of Technology（CIT）picked up a prize of $ 100,000.
But clearly Bill Gates doesn’t feel he’s flushing money down the toilet．After the Seattle event he said, “We, couldn’t be happier with the response we’ve gotten,” Gates has even pledged $370m more to the future toilet project．They hope to field test more prototypes over the next three years．
小题1:Why is Bill Gates paying people to invent new toilets?| A．Because he wants to test people’s sense of creativity． | | B．Because he wants to improve sanitation for many people． | | C．Because he thinks the traditional ones are out of fashion． | | D．Because he can’t design this kind of things himself． |
小题2:Which of the following is NOT a problem with the traditional flush toilet?| A．They waste too much water． | | B．They might cause diseases． | | C．They are not always practical． | | D．They are too complicated to use. |
小题3:The underlined word “latrine” in the third paragraph might have similar meanings to the word “__ ”n the text．| A．Loo | B．sanitation | C．diarrhea | D．prototype |
小题4:The team from CIT won the prize because their design .| A．can change human waste into electricity | | B．can turn human waste into charcoal | | C．can produce power with solar energy | | D．can use urine for flushing |
小题5:If someone “flush money down the toilet”, they are .| A．showing off their wealth | | B．being angry with their work onditions | | C．wasting money for nothing | | D．expressing their great determination |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:C
小题5:C |
解析
试题分析：这篇文章讲了世界首富比尔盖茨对厕所的功能很感兴趣，由于现在的抽水马桶存在很多弊端，所以他们正在研发未来的厕所。
小题1:根据Bill Gates’s charitable organization, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, is looking for inventors to design the loo of the future, which, they hope, would improve sanitation for millions of people around the world．故选B。
小题2:根据Firstly, it wastes a huge amount of potential drinking water．Secondly, they are more likely to cause pollution．This is a real problem in many areas of the developing world, where, according to United Nations estimates, unsafe sanitation causes half of all hospitalizations．Younger people are particularly at risk．Illnesses which cause diarrhea are responsible for the deaths of about 1.5 million children a year．Finally, standard lavatories simply aren’t practical in remote areas．故选D。
小题3:latrine是厕所的意思，而Loo 也是厕所的意思，所以答案为A。
小题4:根据But the winner was a solar-powered design which generated hydrogen gas and electricity. The team from the California Institute of Technology（CIT）picked up a prize of $ 100,000，因此选C。
小题5:根据But clearly Bill Gates doesn’t feel he’s flushing money down the toilet．与选项C相符，为正确答案。
点评：要想答好题目，重在理解全文意思。这篇文章比较难，先看问题，再带着问题读短文，找出各段落的主旨句，理解全文内容，总结全文中心，然后再回到问题上来，很容易选出正确答案。 |
举一反三
A child, who has once got interested in a tale, likes, as a rule, to have it retold in almost the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts. It is always much better to “tell” a story than just “read” it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce his own as an improvement on the printed text, according to his child’s actual situation, so much the better.
There is a charge made against some fairy tales, as they probably harm children by frightening them or leaving them sad feelings. To prove it, an experiment has been done to show that children who have heard terrible fairy stories often feel more uneasy than those who have not. As for fears, there are some cases where children get timid (胆怯的) by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition may weaken the pain of fear.
There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that the stories are not objectively true, and that those giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets etc. do not really exist, so children should be taught to learn the reality by studying history, instead of being got fond of the strange side in fairy tales. Those, who prefer to create such stories, are so peculiar (奇怪的) that it is hard to argue with them. If their creative exaggeration (夸张) were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl-friend.
Not once is a fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world, but not every child is clever enough to be aware of it. Parents should choose their children’s “bed-time” reading materials with much care. Only the fairy stories containing positive effect will make a clever and caring child with rich imagination.
小题1:The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is ______.| A．repeated without any change | | B．treated as no more than a joke | | C．made some changes by parents | | D．set in the present situation |
小题2:According to the passage, when a child hears a terrible fairy story, ______.| A．he will get more interested | | B．great fear can take place in him | | C．he will like it to be repeated | | D．an experiment is being done |
小题3:The word “sound” in Para.3 can be understood as ______.| A．fashionable | B．forgettable | C．available | D．believable |
小题4:The author mentions “sticks” and “telephones” to prove that ______.| A．fairy stories are all made up | | B．fairy tales lead to misunderstanding | | C．children are cheated by old stories | | D．there is more concern for children |
小题5:One of the reasons why some people are not in favor of fairy tales is that ______.| A．they are made up far from the truth | | B．they are so full of imagination | | C．they are not interesting at all | | D．they make history difficult to teach |
小题6:It makes sense that parents choose fairy stories with ______ as “bed-time” reading materials..| A．formal printings | B．creative scenes | C．positive effect | D．terrible characters |
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The Peppered Moth, a kind of insect(昆虫), is found in England. It is light brown in colour and likes to settle(栖息) on trees which are also light brown. This makes the moth difficult to be seen and birds are less likely to notice and eat it.
But with the development of industry(工业) , smoke from factories began to reach the trees where the moth settled. It made the trees blacker. Then something very strange took place: in industrial areas, the Peppered Moth began to change colour. It became darker as well. Though the change took several years, some scientists soon notice that newly-born moths were a little darker than usual.
A scientist with the name Kettlewell decided to make a careful study of this phenomenon(现象). He marked some of the light moths and some of the darker ones, and set them free in the woods near Bermingham, an industrial city. Later, he recaptured(重新捕获) as many as the marked moths as possible. The results were as follows.
| light moths
| darker moths
| Moths set free
| 201
| 601
| moths recaptured
| 34(16%)
| 206(34%)
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Kettlewell"s research (研究) was done in the early 1950s. Soon afterwards Britain introduced new laws to reduce smoke and factory pollution.
Can you imagine what would happen to the Peppered Moth as the air became cleaner again?
小题1:The Peppered Moth began to change its colour in industrial areas because .| A．it itself liked to | | B．it could be like the colour of its living-place | | C．it had to keep the balance of nature | | D．it was usually dark brown |
小题2:From the results of Kettlewell"s research, we can see that .| A．many more of the light moths were killed or eaten | | B．more than one-fifth of the light moths was not killed | | C．three times as many dark moths were kept safe as light ones | | D．more dark moths were killed in industrial areas |
小题3:As the air became cleaner, .| A．the number of the light moths became larger | | B．the total number of the light moths remained unchanged | | C．there were more of the darker moths and fewer of the light ones | | D．the darker moths changed into the light ones suddenly |
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An experimental treatment that causes AIDS patients to develop a dangerously high fever has shown promise as a way of prolonging and improving the patients’ life.Called the Biologic-HT System, the new treatment lets doctors extract the blood of a patient and heat it before circulating it back into the body. The heated blood causes the patient’s body temperature to rise above 42 degrees Celsius. In people with AIDS, that increase in temperature kills some heat-sensitive HIV, the virus, most doctors say, causes AIDS.
Heating the blood of AIDS patients has been tried before, say doctors. But during previous attempts, the treatment induced deadly chemical changes in the blood. The Biologic-HT System prevents those changes from happening, allowing the heat to kill viruses with few ill side effects.
The new heat treatment cannot be considered a cure for Aids, says president of the company that makes the system. He says the treatment doesn’t kill all traces of the virus. However, it kills enough virus particles to give a patient’s immune system a reprieve in its deadly duel with HIV.
Tests of the Biologic-HT treatment began on 36 patients earlier this year. The treatment takes about four hours, and the patient normally feels well enough to leave the hospital or clinic the following morning.
So far, the patients who have had the treatment say they feel better and have developed no new opportunistic infections—disease that strike people with damaged immune systems. The patients also have experienced about a 50 percent increase in the number of T cells in their bodies. T cells are key disease-fighting cells of the immune system and the main target of HIV.
小题1:This passage is mainly concerned with ____________.| A． a way for treating AIDS | | B． a heat-sensitive virus | | C． the immune system of the human body | | D． the function of high temperature |
小题2:The blood of the patient___________.| A． is heated with a single injection | | B． is heated by being circulated at a higher rate | | C． is taken out from the body and then circulated through a heating system. | | D．is taken out from the body, heated outside and then put back into the body. |
小题3:The previous attempts to use high temperature for treating AIDS failed because they_________. | A．caused chemical changes | | B．could not kill HIV effectively | | C．resulted in deaths | | D．killed both HIV and healthy cells |
小题4:According to the passage, the new treatment___________.| A．can kill all the HIV viruses | | B．cannot eliminate the viruses completely | | C． can double the number of disease-fighting cells | | D．can reconstruct the patient’s immune system. |
小题5:The result of the experiment seems to be ___________.| A．disappointing | B．incomplete | C．successful | D．surprising |
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This dictionary tells you about English words and how to use them in reading, writing and speaking English. It not only gives the meaning of words, it can also help you with spelling, word-building, grammar and pronunciation.
To use your dictionary correctly, you need to understand how the dictionary works. At the front of the book, you will find some exercises to help you make the most use of your dictionary.
If you look up the word “colour”, you will find two spellings for this word. “Colour” is used in British English, while “color” is used in American English. When there are differences between British and American spelling, the dictionary shows it with the word “BrE” for British English and “AmE” for American English.
The dictionary also helps you pronounce words correctly. We use a special alphabet (特殊字母) to show pronunciation. If you turn to the inside back face, you will see all the phonetic letters (音标) with some words to show you how they are pronounced. Just look at the inside back cover when you’re not sure how to say a word.
The most important reason for using a dictionary is to find out the meaning of a word—its definition
In this dictionary, the definitions have been written using only 2000 words. This means that the definitions of even the most difficult words are simply explained and easy to understand.
When a word has more than one meaning, read all the meanings until you find the one that correctly tells the use of the word you are looking for.
Most of the words in this dictionary can be used by people in all parts of the world.
小题1:The AmE spelling of the Chinese word “颜色” in this dictionary is ________. | A．colour | B．colar | C．color | D．corner |
小题2:The phonetic alphabet help you ________ each word correctly.| A．understand | B．write | C．say | D．know |
小题3:The underlined word ‘definition’ means__________小题4:The dictionary explains ________.| A．some of the difficult words | | B．all the words in the dictionary in a simple way | | C．all easy words | | D．the words with two meanings |
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Due to the increasing number of violent acts produced in schools all over the world, more and more parents prefer to have their children educated at home rather than at school. This way they can assure their safety and well-being. Teachers and school representatives are trying to improve the situation in schools by increasing the number of the persons charged with the safety of the students.
The main reason for violent acts are the films and cartoons that fill the children’s time. They want to do everything. They watch on TV and never think of the results, and they may hurt a classmate or a teacher.
On the other hand, parents are not fully satisfied with the children’s results obtained in classes and they consider private classes would have better results.
When a teacher has to watch 30 students in class he can’t probably see what each of them is doing, how he is writing, or if he understands the explanations. At home the teacher can explain in detail everything the child doesn’t understand as many times as he considers proper.
And many times, the child grows fond of the teacher at home, who becomes his best friend, and who helps him whenever he needs someone to talk to.
However, the best solution would be a mixture between the education received at school and that at home, because school makes children communicate and socialize. Keeping a child at home for fear that something bad might happen to him only makes the child’s character weak and prevents him from knowing what real life is. Staying in a glass bowl only does harm to the child.
All in all, schools have been created to help children, not to harm them, so it’s best to keep children in these special places, where they learn, laugh, have fun and make new friends.
小题1:The writer’s purpose in writing the text is to .| A．teach parents the ways to keep theft children safe | | B．show solutions to developing children’s character | | C．explain the main reason for violence acts in schools | | D．analyze an education problem and give opinions. |
小题2:What does “a glass bowl” in the passage refer to?| A．A toy that can be used for entertainment． | | B．A safe and comfortable environment． | | C．An object that is made of crystal． | | D．A setback that is hard to overcome． |
小题3:We can infer from the passage that .| A．violent TV programs have bad effects on children’ behavior | | B．the teacher at home is more patient than the teacher at school | | C．children today are weak from lack of sense of right and wrong | | D．there are too many students in class for a teacher to teach |
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