When you make a mistake, big or small, cherish (珍视) it like it’s the most precio
题型：不详难度：来源：
When you make a mistake, big or small, cherish (珍视) it like it’s the most precious thing in the world, because in some ways, it is.
Most of us feel bad when we make mistakes, beat ourselves up about it, feel like failures, get mad at ourselves.
And that’s only natural. Most of us have been taught from a young age that mistakes are bad, and we should try to avoid mistakes. We’ve been scolded when we make mistakes—at home, school and work. Maybe not always, but probably enough times to make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious（无意识的）reaction.
Yet without mistakes, we could not learn or grow. If you think about it that way, mistakes should be cherished and celebrated for being one of the most amazing things in the world. They make learning possible; they make growth and improvement possible.
By trial and error—trying things, making mistakes, and learning from those mistakes—we have figured out how to make electric light, to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, to fly.
Mistakes make walking possible for the smallest toddler, make speech possible, and make works of genius possible.
Think about how we learn：We don’t just consume information about something and instantly know it or know how to do it. You don’t just read about painting，or writing，or computer programming，or baking, or playing the piano, and know how to do them right away. Instead, you get information about something, from reading or from another person or from observing usually...then you construct a model in your mind...then you test it out by trying it in the real world...then you make mistakes...then you revise the model based on the results of your real world experimentation...and repeat, making mistakes, learning from those mistakes, until you’ve pretty much learned how to do something. That’s how we learn as babies and toddlers, and how we learn as adults. Mistakes are how we learn to do something new—because if you succeed at something, it’s probably something you already knew how to do. You haven’t really grown much from that success—at most it’s the last step on your journey, not the whole journey. Most of the journey is made up of mistakes, if it’s a good journey.
So if you value learning，if you value growing and improving，then you should value mistakes. They are amazing things that make a world of brilliance possible.
小题1:Why do most of us feel bad about making mistakes?| A．Because mistakes make us suffer a lot. | | B．Because it’s a natural part in our life. | | C．Because we’ve been taught so from a young age. | | D．Because mistakes have ruined many people’s careers. |
小题2:According to the passage, what is the right attitude to mistakes?| A．We should try to avoid making mistakes. | | B．We should owe great inventions mainly to mistakes. | | C．We should treat mistakes as good chances to learn. | | D．We should make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction. |
小题3:The underlined word “toddler” in Paragraph 6 probably means ________.| A．a small child learning to walk | | B．a kindergarten child learning to draw | | C．a primary pupil learning to read | | D．a school teenager learning to write |
小题4:We can learn from the passage that ________.| A．most of us can really grow from success | | B．growing and improving are based on mistakes | | C．we learn to make mistakes by trial and error | | D．we read about something and know how to do it right away |
小题5:What is the best title of this passage? | A．Value Mistakes | B．Mistakes Make Things Possible | | C．Try to Avoid Mistakes | D．Life is a Journey Full of Mistakes |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:B
小题5:A |
解析
试题分析：
小题1:C 细节题。根据第三段1,2行And that’s only natural. Most of us have been taught from a young age that mistakes are bad, and we should try to avoid mistakes.说明C正确。
小题2:C 推理题。根据第四段mistakes should be cherished and celebrated for being one of the most amazing things in the world. They make learning possible; they make growth and improvement possible.说明错误是我们学习的好机会，我们要好好珍惜，故C正确。
小题3:A 推理题。根据Mistakes make walking possible for the smallest toddler, make speech possible, and make works of genius possible.说明错误可以让最好的toddler,步行成为可能，故该词指学习走路的孩子，故A正确。
小题4:B 推理题。根据文章最后一段So if you value learning，if you value growing and improving，then you should value mistakes.是，错误可以让我们成长，让我们提高。故B正确。
小题5:A主旨大意题。本文主要是告诉我们错误的价值，错误可以让我们从中学到很多的东西，可以让我们成长，让我们进步。故A正确。
点评：本文主要是告诉我们错误的价值，错误可以让我们从中学到很多的东西，可以让我们成长，让我们进步。本文考查较为全面，需要考生结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。 |
举一反三
One night recently, I was driving down a two-lane highway at about 60 miles an hour. A car approached from the opposite direction at about the same speed. As we passed each other, I caught the other driver’s eye for only a second. I wondered whether he might be thinking, as I was, how dependent we were on each other at that moment. I was relying on him not to fall asleep, not to be distracted (分心) by a phone conversation, not to cross over into my lane and bring my life to a sudden end. Though we had never spoken a word to each other, he relied on me in just the same way.
Multiplied a million times over, I believe that is the way the world works. At some level, we all depend upon one another. Sometimes that dependence requires us simply not to do something like crossing over the double yellow line. And sometimes it requires us to act cooperatively, with friends or even with strangers.
As technology makes our world smaller and smaller, the need increases for cooperative action among nations. In 2003, doctors in five nations were quickly organized to identify the SARS virus, which saved thousands of lives. The threat of international terrorism has shown itself to be a similar problem, one requiring team action by police and intelligence forces across the world. We must recognize that our fates are not ours alone to control.
In my own life, I used to put great stock in personal responsibility. But, as time has passed, I’ve also come to believe that there are moments when one must rely upon the good faith and judgment of others. So, while each of us faces the case of driving alone down a dark road, what we must learn with experience is that the approaching light may not be a threat, but a shared moment of trust.
小题1:The author considers it very important ______.| A．to drive with a companion | B．to have personal independence | | C．to gain certain responsibility | D．to share trust and cooperation |
小题2:The author said that they depended on each other in the same way because ______.| A．the approaching car was very dangerous | | B．they both drove their car at a terrific speed | | C．he might be killed out of the other’s careless driving | | D．it was dark and the road was not wide enough |
小题3: From the second paragraph, we know the author drew the important lesson from ______.| A．only one experience | B．many similar experiences | | C．a driver on a dark road | D．many friends and strangers |
小题4:The need for cooperation increases because ______.| A．people’s fates can’t be controlled by themselves | | B．certain viruses can spread in a quick way | | C．terrorism can happen everywhere and every day | | D．the world has become much more dangerous |
小题5:We can infer from the last paragraph that the author has ______.| A．believed in one’s own personal responsibility | | B．counted upon himself alone in everything | | C．had no trust in others’ good faith and judgment | | D．had a change on his viewpoint of life |
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Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live, we must communicate with other people. A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person basis by the simple means of speech. If we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are likely to have conversations where we give information or opinions, receive news or comment, and very likely to have our views challenged by other members of society.
Face to face contact is by no means the only form of communication and during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication has become one of the dominating factors of contemporary society. Two things, above others, have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has led to advanced imprinting, telecommunications photography, radio and television. Secondly, speed has revolutionized the transmission (传输) and reception of communications so that local news often takes a back seat to national news, which itself is often almost eclipsed( 侵蚀) by international news.
No longer is the possession of information confined to(只限于) a privileged minority. In the last century the wealthy man with his own library was indeed fortunate, but today there are public libraries. For years ago people used to flock to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a programme that is being channeled into millions of homes.
Communication is no longer merely concerned with the transmission of information. The modem communication industry influences the way people live in society and broadens their horizons by allowing access to information, education and entertainment. The printing, broadcasting and advertising industries are all involved with informing, educating and entertaining.
Although a great deal of the material communicated by the mass media is very valuable to the individual and to the society of which he is part, the vast modem network of communications is open to abuse(滥用). However, the mass media are with us for better, for worse, and there is no turning back.
小题1:In the first paragraph the writer emphasizes the of face-to-face contact in social setting.| A．nature | B．limitation | C．creativity | D．usefulness |
小题2:It is implied in the passage that .| A．local news used to be the only source of information | | B．local news still takes a significant place | | C．national news is becoming more popular | | D．international news is the fastest transmitted news |
小题3:Which of the following statements is NOT true? | A．Possessing information used to be a privilege. | | B．Public libraries have replaced the private completely. | | C．Communication means more than transmission. | | D．Information influences ways of life and thinking. |
小题4:From the last paragraph we can infer that the writer is .| A．indifferent to the harmful influence of the mass media | | B．happy about the flexible changes in the mass media | | C．pessimistic about the future of the mass media | | D．concerned about the wrong use of the mass media |
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Advertising is a highly developed twentieth-century industry. The development of radio, television, cinema, magazines and newspapers has gone hand in hand with the development of advertising. Why is advertising so popular? Is it a waste of money? It has been proved again and again that repeated advertising increases product sales. Since it increases production, the price can be reduced. Therefore advertising, instead of making a product more expensive, makes it cheaper.
Advertising is now a scientific business. Once managers would say jokingly, " I know that half of what I spend on advertising is wasted, but I don"t know which half." Now, all parts of an advertising program are properly measured and researched.
What makes a good advertisement? There have been major changes in advertising in the past sixty years. People read advertisements partly for information and partly for pleasure. Today"s advertisements often start with a question, or a puzzle, with the purpose of attracting the reader"s attention. Of course, most advertisements contain information. But this is usually contained in a text that is interesting and often funny. Humor is very important. Sometimes advertisements tell a story, or the story may be continued over a number of advertisements. However, there is a danger in this. It is possible that the reader or viewer will remember the advertisement but not the name of the product.
小题1:The purpose of advertising is ____.| A．to increase product sales | | B．to make a product much better | | C．to spend more money | | D．to reduce the production |
小题2:Which of the following can be used in place of the underlined phrase "hand in hand" ?| A．Here and there. | B．Again and again. | | C．As usual. | D．At the same time. |
小题3: What is meant by what managers said in the second paragraph?| A．A11 the money on advertising was wasted. | | B．Not all the advertisements were well designed. | | C．A11 the managers knew about advertising then. | | D．Managers spent no money on advertising. |
小题4:What does the writer think of advertising?| A．Useless. | B．Unnecessary. | C．Important. | D．Wasteful. |
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Because plants cannot move or talk, most people believe that they have no feelings and that they cannot receive signals from outside. However, this may not be completely true.
People who studied plants have found out that plants carry a small electrical charge (电荷). It is possible to measure this charge with a small piece of equipment called “galvanometer”. The galvanometer is placed on a leaf off the plant, and it records any changes in the electrical field of the leaf. Humans have a similar field which can change when we are shocked or frightened.
A man called Backster used a galvanometer for his studies of plants and was very surprised at his results. He found that if he had two or more plants in a room and he began to destroy one of them － perhaps by pulling off its leaves or by pulling it out of its pot － then the galvanometer on the leaves of the other plants showed a change in the electrical field. It seemed as if the plants were signalling a feeling of shock. This happened not only when Backster started to destroy plants, but also when he destroyed other living things such as insects (昆虫).
Backster said that the plants also knew if someone had destroyed a living thing some distance away, because they signalled when a man who had just cut down a tree entered the room.
Another scientist, named Sauvin, achieved similar results to Backster’s. He kept galvanometers fixed to his plants all the time and checked regularly to see what the plants were doing. If he was out of the office, he telephoned to find out about the signals the plants were sending. In this way, he found that the plants were sending out signals at the exact times when he felt strong pleasure or pain. In fact, Sauvin could cause a change in the electrical field of his plants over a distance of a few miles simply by thinking about them.
小题1:Backster was surprised at the results of his studies because _____.| A．he destroyed an insect | | B．he destroyed a plant by pulling off its leaves | | C．he found that plants could express feelings of shock | | D．he found that plants could move and speak after all |
小题2:The plants sent out signals _____.| A．only when Backster Started to destroy plants | | B．when Backster destroyed plants or other living things | | C．only when he destroyed things such as insects | | D．only when Backster placed the galvanometer on the leaves of the plants |
小题3:The scientist called Sauvin _____.| A．did not agree with Backster’s ideas | | B．did not get the same sort of results as Backster did | | C．got different results from Backster’s | | D．found out some of the same things that Backster did |
小题4:Which of the following is true according to the passage?| A．The electrical charge plants carry may shock or frighten us. | | B．A tree will signal when it has been cut down. | | C．Sauvin could make his plants send out signals some distance away. | | D．Plants have feelings because they can receive signals without moving. |
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In modern society, receiving systematic college education seems a necessary way for success as a graduate from first-class university may always get more opportunities than others. However, if it is gold, it will shine one day. In this article, we will get to know three most successful people in U.S. who never finished their college education. Following experiences of these successful dropouts may give you some inspiration.
1. Bill Gates
Harvard’s campus paper “Harvard Crimson” called Bill Gates “Harvard’s most successful dropout,” while the rest of the world preferred to name him “the world’s richest man” for more than a decade. Now, even not on the top, he is still among the list of the world’s wealthiest people.Gates entered Harvard in the fall of 1973. Two years later, he dropped out to found Microsoft with friend Paul Allen. And in 2007, he finally received an honorary doctorate from Harvard.
2. Steve Jobs
The iPad, even Buzz Lightyear probably wouldn’t have existed if Steve Jobs stayed in school. Because his family couldn’t afford his college education, Jobs had to drop out of Reed College just after entering for 6 months. Then he found Apple, NeXT Computer and Pixar, which had made great influences on development of modern technique and culture. However, this wizard thought that his brief college education was not worthless.
3. Frank Lloyd Wright
As the America’s most celebrated architect, Wright spent more time on designing colleges rather than attending classes in them. Once spent one year in the University of Wisconsin-Madison, then he left for Chicago and started to learn from Louis Sullivan, the “father of modernism." Wright’ s splendid resume included more than 500 works, most famous of which are Fallingwater and New York City"s Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.
小题1: What does“dropouts”in Paragraph One mean?| A．Hardworking students. | B．Very successful students. | | C．Students failing to finish their school education. | D．Students from poor families. |
小题2:Which of the following is right according to Paragraph One?| A．People graduating from famous universities are more likely to get jobs. | | B．Many successful people had the experience of giving up their school education. | | C．If one has a lot of gold, he will become very rich one day. | | D．We should stop our college education to follow in those successful people’s steps. |
小题3:According to the writer, Bill Gates _________.| A．is richer than any other man in the world | | B．is well-known in Harvard University | | C．finally finished his study at Harvard and got a doctorate degree | | D．is the only founder of Microsoft |
小题4:Which of the following statements can’t be learned from the last two paragraphs?| A．The reason for Jobs’ dropping his college education is that his parents couldn’t pay for it. | | B．Jobs thought his six-month college education gave him no help. | | C．Wright’s teacher was a very famous artist. | | D．Wright is the designer of New York City’s Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. |
小题5: What does the author want to tell us in this passage?| A．Successful people often have unordinary life experience. | | B．College education is not so important to one’s success. | | C．People from poor families are more likely to give up their college education. | | D．Even without college education, one can still achieve success with one’s hard work. |
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